Attribute characteristics, importance and research significance of physical geological data

(Land and Resources Natural Geological Information Center)

Physical geological data is one of the important information resources produced by geological work. A systematic theoretical summary and research on the attributes, characteristics and important distinguishing marks of physical geological data is the basis for establishing the screening, collection and service system of physical geological data, which is helpful for scientific management of physical geological data, giving full play to the service role of information resources of physical geological data and gradually forming a systematic management science of physical geological data.

Physical geological data; Data attributes; Importance; Reuse value

As an important part of geological work, physical data has been paid more and more attention. Some developed countries have established large-scale core banks to store important core objects and formed effective management systems. After the founding of New China, China also paid more attention to the management of physical data, and formulated some clear management regulations, such as the General Rules for the Management of Geological Exploration and Drilling Cores, which are generally kept by units themselves. Some petroleum departments have their own core banks, which are used to store cores collected by drilling for their own use. With the formal establishment of the physical geological data center of the Ministry of Land and Resources and the establishment of two modern physical geological databases, it indicates that the management of physical geological data will gradually move towards a professional track, which will promote the physical data, an important information resource, to better serve the construction and development of the national economy. People have studied and discussed the management techniques and methods of physical geological data in many aspects. However, the research on the definition, data attributes and importance discrimination factors of physical geological data is obviously insufficient. Through the in-depth analysis of the meaning, data attribute characteristics and importance of physical geological data, the concept of physical geological data and the distinguishing signs of its preservation value are clarified. The purpose is to gradually form a systematic theory of physical geological data management and promote the improvement of modern management level of physical geological data.

I. Attribute characteristics of physical geological data

1. Data attributes of physical geological data

From the data attribute, the physical geological data has its own characteristics, which are different from other general physical objects, such as grotesque ornamental stones. Although some physical data also have ornamental value, they are only part of the nature of physical geological data. As physical geological data, it must meet three special conditions: ① it must be systematically collected by geological professionals as the research object of geological work; ② The physical geological data itself has geological significance; (3) There are detailed geological background data collection records. Physical objects that do not meet the above three conditions, even if they are collected on the spot and have very important ornamental value, cannot be called "physical geological data". For example, some famous fossils are stolen and sold at present. Because these fossils were shot by non-professionals, and no records of geological background were collected, the scientific research value of studying their paleoenvironment, palaeoecology and geological conditions for fossil preservation was lost. In fact, these fossils can only be used for scientific appreciation, and cannot be called "physical geological data".

2. The relationship between physical geological data, achievement geological data and original geological data.

Physical geological data are closely related to results and original data. Generally speaking, the result data is a high generalization and theoretical summary of physical geological data and original data; The original data is the theoretical description and synthesis of natural phenomena by physical geological data; Physical geological data is the material basis of achievement data and original data. These three are closely related and independent. In particular, it should be pointed out that physical geological data cannot exist independently without original data, and physical geological data without original data has no research value.

Physical geological data, as a data form, has unique characteristics that are incomparable with the original data, namely objectivity, authenticity and uniqueness of the data. Because of the different research methods, technical means and understanding angles of geological science, even for the same geological phenomenon or geological body, different disciplines or different experts and scholars often have different understanding, which is manifested in the difference in understanding of the results geological data and the original geological data. The objectivity and authenticity of physical geological data are not affected by subjective understanding, so it also plays a good role in material evidence. On the other hand, due to the limitation of the development stage of scientific theory, the original data and achievement data produced at the same time with physical geological data may fall behind because of the further development of scientific understanding; However, physical geological data can be continuously recognized and discovered, and the development history of geological science theory is enough to prove this. Uniqueness is another feature that physical geological data is different from the results geological data and original geological data. Whether it is a paper medium or an electronic document, the geological data obtained or the original geological data can be copied by using the copying technology, while the physical geological data is an entity and cannot be copied, so it is unique.

Second, the importance of physical geological data

The importance of physical geological data is also the importance of physical geological data, which is the main basis for judging whether physical geological data is worth preserving. In a large number of physical geological data, the importance of each physical object is not equal. How to analyze and judge whether physical objects are important or have preservation value? The author thinks that the following factors should be considered: geological significance, acquisition cost and difficulty, reuse value, integrity and systematicness.

1. Geological significance of physical geological data

Every kind of physical geological data has its geological significance, but its geological significance is quite different. Some physical geological data packets contain geological information of great geological significance, while others may be general. The importance of geological significance of physical geological data is often closely related to the theoretical achievements and work purposes of discipline research. In the field of geological exploration and geological science research, due to the different research objects, research contents, research methods and research purposes of various disciplines, the criteria for judging the geological significance of physical geological data are also different, and the geological significance contained in physical geological data is also different to some extent. Therefore, the geological significance of physical geological data is relative. The overlapping of research contents of professional disciplines makes physical geological data have multiple geological significance. The author takes the physical data of paleontology and mineral exploration as an example to briefly explain.

As a very important physical and geological data, paleontological fossils have many geological significance. Paleontological fossils are records of the existence, development and evolution of life on earth in geological history, which is of great significance to the study of the evolution of life on earth, and also has great geological significance in many fields such as paleoecology, paleoenvironment, stratigraphic division and correlation, energy and minerals, geotectonic research and so on. From the perspective of paleontological fossil research, those species-type specimens named as biological fossils are more important than ordinary specimens; As a sign of biostratigraphic "hierarchy", typical molecular paleontological fossils are more important than ordinary fossils, and systematic collection of paleontological fossils on stratigraphic profiles is more important than sporadic collection. Some landmark fossils with special significance in the process of biological evolution are more important, such as the discovery of Confucius bird, which represents the appearance of feathers and the biological evolution process from dinosaurs to birds, so it is also known as one of the major discoveries in vertebrate fossil research in the 20th century.

In the geological work of mineral exploration, obtaining cores by drilling is an important technical means to understand the distribution and reserves of mineral resources, and these cores are very important physical data. For the same type of deposits, the deposits with high grade, thick coal seam, large reserves and high degree of research are the most representative, so the physical geological data are more important. In the exploration process of a mining area, multiple boreholes may be constructed, and the boreholes with good prospecting ability, high core recovery rate and strong representation are of relatively high importance.

In short, different types of physical objects have different geological significance because of their different research significance. Those typical, representative and special physical geological data that can highlight the achievements of geological scientific research and work often have more important geological significance, so they are also the most valuable for preservation and collection.

2. Cost and difficulty of collecting physical geological data.

The cost of collecting physical geological data is to achieve a certain purpose. The amount of manpower and material resources invested in collecting physical objects through some technical means can also be regarded as the amount of capital investment. Generally speaking, the greater the project input cost, the greater the physical collection cost, the greater its importance and the higher its preservation value. Taking drilling cores as an example, the deeper the drilling depth, the higher the input cost and the more valuable the cores obtained.

The difficulty of collecting physical objects refers to the difficulty of obtaining physical objects due to the limitation of objective conditions. These objective conditions are the natural geographical environment and traffic conditions for collecting physical objects. The more harsh the natural environment, sparsely populated and inaccessible areas, the more precious the physical objects collected, the more valuable they are for preservation. Taking the regional geological survey in the recent large-scale survey project as an example, the physical data obtained from the regional geological survey of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau/KLOC-0: 250,000 is more valuable for preservation than the physical data obtained from similar work in the mainland. Secondly, some objects themselves are special products formed under very special geological conditions, and they are a kind of non-renewable scarce resources, and their collection is very difficult and accidental to a great extent. So these objects are very precious, such as some fossils of ancient creatures and typical mineral specimens.

3. Reuse value of physical geological data

The reuse value of physical geological data is the embodiment of the economic benefits generated by the reuse of physical data. The higher the reuse degree of physical geological data, the greater its reuse value. The reuse of physical geological data may be caused by many factors, such as the difference of research objectives of disciplines, the progress of research techniques and means, and the mutual penetration between disciplines, which makes some important physical geological data have reuse value. For example, with the improvement of smelting technology, some low-grade ores that were originally considered to be lower than industrial grade may not be used as resources for calculating reserves; If the cores in the early exploration process are well preserved, the original data can be re-tested, analyzed and utilized under the condition of saving a lot of drilling investment, which may expand the resource reserves and obtain the best economic benefits. For another example, the core used in the exploration process can provide an underground data base that is difficult to obtain on the surface for the study of the genesis and metallogenic regularity of the deposit. In addition, objects obtained from different professional fields can also provide basic information for their related majors. For example, a well-preserved fossil specimen of paleontology not only reproduces the characteristics of paleontology itself, but also records a lot of information about paleoecology, paleoclimatic environment, geological process and so on from the aspects of paleontology life, living environment, burial and preservation process at that time.

4. Integrity of physical geological data

The integrity of physical geological data includes two aspects: one is the integrity of physical geological data itself; Second, it refers to the completeness of relevant materials that record the background of physical collection.

First of all, the integrity of physical geological data itself depends on whether it is collected according to specifications or technical requirements. Different types of physical objects have different integrity standards. For example, whether rock specimens meet a certain quality and volume; Whether the fossil specimen of paleontology is complete and whether the surface of fossil body is clear; Whether the core recovery rate reaches the standard and the discharge sequence is correct; Whether the optical film meets the standard thickness, etc. , are all factors to judge whether the physical data itself is in good condition. Only those items that are well collected are more valuable for preservation.

Secondly, the related information of the collection background, that is, the main part of the original data, mainly records the collection time, place, collection process, collection method, number, geological characteristics description, comprehensive map, test and appraisal results, collector, storage place and storage process. Whether the relevant information about the background of these physical collections is complete or not determines the basic conditions for their further research and utilization. If these related materials are incomplete or lost, the geological significance and scientific research value of the physical objects will be greatly reduced, and even the significance of preservation will be lost. Many objects that have lost their geological background data often mean that they have lost their data preservation value.

5. Systematization of physical geological data

Physical geological data are produced with geological work projects, and each geological work project has its own task objectives, work scope, technical means and work requirements. Therefore, the physical geological data are not scattered and isolated, but a series of physical objects corresponding to the project achievement data and original data. Due to different working purposes and technical means, all kinds of geological work projects will produce all kinds of physical data, and the physical data produced by a project constitute a relatively systematic and complete data unit.

Third, the significance of physical geological data research

With the continuous development of geological work in China, more and more physical geological data will be produced. How to manage and give full play to the role of physical geological data information resources in social and economic development is an important topic at present. Theoretical research and summary on the meaning, data attributes and importance of physical geological data is of great significance for gradually forming a scientific management system of physical geological data and improving the standardization and scientificity of physical geological data management, which is embodied in the following aspects:

1) deeply study the connotation of physical geological data, clarify the key points of physical geological data management, and gradually form a systematic physical geological data management science.

2) Play an active guiding role in the process of physical geological data screening, collection, storage and service.

3) It has extensive reference function for formulating standardized policies and measures for the management of physical geological data.

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