What figures of speech are there?

Question 1: What are the rhetorical devices? 1. Rhetoric is to modify words and use various expressions to make language expression accurate, vivid and powerful.

1. Master and learn to use metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, repetition, rhetorical questions, and know something about quotation, comparison, metonymy and irony.

2. Be able to briefly analyze the role of rhetorical methods in expressing effects in a specific language environment.

Second, several rhetorical methods that should be mastered

1. Metaphor

According to the similarity of things, we use concrete, simple and familiar things to illustrate abstract, profound and penetrating things, that is, analogy. Function: It can make the content of expression vivid and concrete, give people a vivid and profound impression, explain abstruse and unfamiliar things with simple and common things, and help people understand them deeply. There are three types of metaphors: simile, metaphor and metonymy.

2. personification: write things as adults, endow things with people's words and deeds or thoughts and feelings, and describe things with words that describe people. Function: Personalize specific things and visualize language.

3. Exaggeration: deliberately exaggerating or narrowing the nature and characteristics of things. Function: Reveal the essence of things, set off the atmosphere, strengthen the rendering power and cause the associative effect.

4. Parallelism refers to arranging sentences or components with the same or similar structure, consistent tone and related meanings together. Function: enhance language momentum and expression effect.

5. A pair of phrases or sentences with the same number of words, the same structural form and symmetrical meaning express two opposite or similar meanings. Function: neat and symmetrical, strong sense of rhythm, high generalization, easy to remember, and musical beauty. There are three kinds of duality; For, against, for,

Such as: reed on the wall, top-heavy, shallow; Bamboo shoots in the mountains have a thick mouth and an empty stomach. (right)

Look at a thousand fingers coldly and bow your head as a willing ox (objection)

6. In order to emphasize a certain point of view and feeling, deliberately repeat a word or sentence. Types of repetition: continuous repetition and interval repetition. There are no other words in the middle of continuous repetition. There are other words in interval repetition.

7. Ask questions in order to attract others' attention, deliberately ask questions first, and then answer them yourself. Function: Remind people to think, and some highlight certain contents.

8. There is no doubt that rhetorical questions are beyond doubt. Express clear meaning in question form, express negation in affirmative form and express affirmation in negative form.

9. Quoting and quoting ready-made words to improve the effect of language expression can be divided into direct quotation and indirect quotation.

10. Replace what you want to express with something related. Types of metonymy: features replace things, concreteness replaces abstractness, and parts replace the whole.

1 1. Irony expresses the original intention with words or sentences that are opposite to the original intention, and enhances the expression effect by saying irony. Some satirize and expose, while others express intimate and friendly feelings.

Question 2: What are the commonly used figures of speech? A metaphor

1 metaphor is metaphor, that is, when describing things or explaining problems, analogy is made with other things or reasons similar to him.

What is compared in metaphor is called "ontology", what is used for metaphor is called "vehicle", and the word connecting the two is called metaphor. For example, we are flowers and our teacher is a diligent gardener.

Metaphor can be divided into three categories: simile, metaphor and metonymy. Primary school students mainly learn similes.

The structural feature of simile is to connect ontology and vehicle with metaphor, and the general format is: A is like B.

Advantages of metaphor: it can describe and render the characteristics of things, making things vivid, concrete and impressive. In addition, metaphor can explain profound truth with simple and universal phenomena. Help people understand deeply.

4 note:

Ontology and carrier must be two fundamentally different things, but there must be similarities.

Metaphor should be concrete, simple, close and easy to understand.

Two personification

1 personification is to write things as adults and give "things" words and deeds or thoughts and feelings, that is, to describe things with words that describe people. For example, swallows sing under the eaves to tell people that spring is coming.

Advantages: personification is used to personify non-human things, which makes the described things active and strengthens the image power of language.

Note: personification writing must reveal true feelings and feelings, and feelings must conform to the described environment and atmosphere. Only when we have a real feeling about the objective things described can we get good results. In addition, when using personification, we should also pay attention to the similarity between people and things in personality, modeling and action, so as to write something like a real person.

Three-row ratio

1 Arranging sentences or sentence elements with the same or similar structure, consistent tone and closely related meanings enhances language potential and deepens feelings. For example, cars are running, drilling rigs are roaring and people are laughing.

Parallelism contains three or more related contents, and the relationship between them is parallel or progressive. Under normal circumstances, all parts often use the same or similar tips.

Advantages: Parallelism is an expressive rhetorical method, which is often used for reasoning or lyricism. Using parallelism to make the argument more rigorous and thorough: using parallelism to express feelings can express feelings incisively and vividly.

Note: the meanings of a group of sentences that constitute parallelism are always internally related. If you don't follow the inherent logical order of things, it not only shows that you are confused, but also makes others lose track. The application of parallelism must proceed from the needs of content, and the form of parallelism cannot be pieced together stiffly.

Four questions

1 Asking questions, asking yourself and answering questions to guide readers' attention and thinking is knowing perfectly well past ask. For example: Who created the human world? It's us working people.

Advantages: Taking the question as the title can attract readers, inspire readers to think and better understand the central idea of the article.

Some can play a connecting role, and some reasoning articles are more effective in asking questions and reasoning about key contents in order to make the argument deeper and more ups and downs.

Five rhetorical questions

1 Ask without a doubt, know perfectly well past ask. But it only asks and doesn't answer, which contains the clear meaning to be expressed in the question. There are two kinds of rhetorical questions: one is a negative sentence, which means affirmative. The second kind is affirmative sentence, which means negative.

Advantages: rhetorical questions are used to express strong tone, increase the power of language, stimulate readers' feelings and leave a deep impression on readers.

Note: When using rhetorical questions, we must pay attention to the close connection with positive narrative and description. When the question is clear and the conclusion is clear, ask rhetorical questions again, and the effect will be good.

Six exaggerations

1 exaggeration is a description that deliberately enlarges or narrows the image, characteristics and degree of things.

Benefits: It can make people feel real. The purpose is to profoundly express the author's distinct emotional attitude towards things, thus arousing readers' strong * * *. It can also arouse people's rich imagination by vividly rendering things, which is conducive to highlighting the essence and characteristics of things.

3 Classification: Enlarge and exaggerate, and sometimes deliberately say the general things to the big picture.

Reduce exaggeration, and sometimes deliberately make things smaller.

Note: based on objective reality, it can't give people a sense of reality. We should also pay attention to novelty and novelty, and don't simply and mechanically imitate our predecessors. ...& gt& gt

Question 3: What is the difference between rhetoric and figures of speech? 1 words that modify rhetoric; Composition; Also refers to words or decorative words. Modification is modification, and the original meaning of a word is the word of debate, and later it is extended to all words. The original meaning of rhetoric is to modify speech, that is, to use various linguistic means in the process of using language in order to get the best expression effect possible. baike.baidu/view/5432

Rhetoric is a speech pattern that people have formed for a long time in the process of organizing, adjusting and modifying language to improve the effect of language expression. It has a specific structure, a specific method and a specific function, which is recognized by the society and meets the requirements of a certain clustering system. Also called metaphor, figure of speech and rhetoric. In grammatical expressions, figures of speech are often used alone or in combination. There are more than 20 common figures of speech.

Metaphor, metonymy, pun, quotation ... baike.baidu/view/314241.

Generally speaking, rhetoric has a wide range. The modification of a word, a word, a sentence and an article can all be called rhetoric, and rhetoric is a fixed speech format.

Question 4: What is a rhetorical device? Chinese figures of speech are listed as follows:

There are metaphors: simile, metaphor, metonymy, metaphor (also known as compound metaphor), antonym (also known as antithesis), anti-metaphor, mutual metaphor (also known as metonymy), metaphor (also known as strong metaphor), metaphor, embellishment metaphor and quotation metaphor.

The main rhetorical devices are: antithesis, metaphor, personification, metonymy, exaggeration, parallelism, repetition, symbol, entrustment, intertextuality, rhetorical question, quotation and so on.

Specificity description method:

There are sketch, analogy (also called comparison), avoiding repetition, changing use, layering, padding (also called contrast), setting off (also called contrast, setting off), inversion, inversion, reduplication, truthfulness (also called Julian and thimble), contrast, duality (also called duality and parallelism), renovation and inversion.

There are overlapping intricacies, compound deviation, * * use, combination, call, intertextuality, conversion, palindrome, demotion, metonymy, rhetorical questions, ambiguity, parallelism, antithesis, imitation (also divided into imitation, imitation), list, connection and exaggeration.

metaphor

1, definition

Also called metaphor. That is, two things with different degrees have similarities with each other. Take one thing as an example to illustrate the rhetorical method of the other.

2. Structure

Metaphor generally consists of three parts, namely, ontology (things or scenes to be compared), vehicle and figurative words (symbolic words of figurative relations).

3. Types

According to the similarities and differences and looming characteristics of the three parts of metaphor structure, it can be divided into four types.

(1) simile. Ontology and vehicle have appeared, using metaphor "like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like. ...

Like, like "and so on. The common form is "A is like B". For example, the leaves are high, like Tingting's skirt.

(2) metaphor. Ontological carriers have all appeared, with the metaphor of "yes, success, change" in the middle. The typical form is: A is B.

For example, the square is a sea of snow-white garlands, and monuments have been piled into snow-white hills.

In addition, there are some variants of metaphor that deserve attention:

① Modifying metaphor: the metaphorical relationship between ontology and vehicle is realized in the form of modifying and being modified, limiting and being restricted. For example:

This is an ocean of flowers.

(2) apposition metaphor: the metaphorical relationship between ontology and vehicle is expressed in the form of apposition compound reference. For example, Wang Laoba, don't fill the soup.

③ Annotation metaphor: Ontology and vehicle express metaphorical relations in the form of annotations, usually connected by dashes, such as five points.

The whistle for work rang. As soon as the iron gate was pushed open, the lid of the red brick jar was opened. ...

(3) Metonymy. There is no ontology and vehicle, and the vehicle is directly described. The typical form of metonymy is Jia Daiyi, such as the most annoying person

The poisonous snakes and beasts ate our flesh and blood.

(4) metaphor. Use several vehicles to describe an ontology. For example, a huge white lilac blooms on a gray roof.

Ripples are like snow, and jade is like spray.

4. The role of metaphor

(1) turns plain into vivid; (2) Turn abstruse into simple; (3) turn abstract into concrete

5. The conditions that a metaphor must have.

Ontology and carrier must be essentially different things, otherwise it is not a metaphor. Is a sentence a metaphor? You can't just look at the metaphorical words.

The following example is not a metaphor:

(1) His personality is like his mother-compare similar things.

It's dark, as if it is going to rain.

(3) Don't go to work with ideological baggage.

6. Common figurative words

Like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, become, become.

similar

With rich imagination, write things as adults, or people as things, or things as things.

Function: It can stimulate readers' imagination and make the article more vivid.

Analogy can be divided into personification and imitation.

(1) personification:

Write things as people, endow things with human actions, behaviors, thoughts, feelings and activities, and describe things with words that describe people.

Function: write animals, birds, insects, flowers, trees or other inanimate things into adults, so as to personify specific things, personify rhetorical devices and make the language vivid ... >>

Question 5: How many figures of speech are there? The common rhetorical methods are metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, metonymy, duality, repetition, rhetorical questions and rhetorical questions. In addition, there are comparison, metonymy, quotation, pun, irony, thimble, call, synaesthesia, intertextuality and so on.

Question 6: What are the top ten figures of speech 1? Metaphor (1) The characteristic and function of metaphor is "metaphor". That is, to grasp the similarities between two different things and compare one thing with another. The structure of metaphor is generally composed of ontology (object to be compared), vehicle (object to be compared) and figurative words (symbol of figurative relationship). The key of metaphor: A and B must be essentially different things, and there must be similarities between A and B, otherwise the metaphor cannot be established. The main functions of metaphor are: turning plain into vivid; Turn abstruse into simple; Turn abstract into concrete; Turn verbosity into conciseness. (2) The type of metaphor ① Simile. The typical form is: A is like B, and ontological vehicles all appear, which are connected by metaphors such as "image, image, as if, as if". For example, the harvested crops are piled up like hills. (2) metaphor. The typical form is: A is B, both ontology and vehicle appear, and there are no figurative words in the middle. It is often associated with "yes", "success" and "success". For example, the relationship between Marxism and China Revolution is the relationship between the arrow and the target. 3 metaphor. The typical form is: A generation B. Without ontology, it directly describes the vehicle. But it is different from metonymy. Find out the similarities between the two things by metonymy. Such as putting down the luggage and starting the machine. 4 metaphor. Use several metaphors to compare the same ontology from different angles and with different similarities. For example, among the layers of leaves, there are some white flowers dotted sporadically, some bloom gracefully and some bloom shyly; Like a pearl, like a star in the blue sky, like a beauty who just took a bath. (Pearl, Star and Beauty Who Just Showed Bath describe the beauty of lotus from the perspectives of color, luster and feeling, and grasp the similarities such as light, faint flicker, freshness and tranquility. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 2. The characteristic and function of analogy (1) is to write things into adults. Its function is to make the written "people" or "things" colorful, vivid and meaningful. (2) The type of analogy ① personification. For example, Du Fuchuan is singing and laughing in the willows, and the red flag is fluttering. ② simulacra. For example, if we are honest, there will be bullies. If we dare to use a knife, the bully will have to run with his tail between his legs. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 3. Metonymy (1) has different characteristics and functions. It emphasizes the correlation between two things. Its function is to replace complexity with simplicity, emptiness with truth, everything with strangeness and feelings with things. (2) Types of metonymy ① Feature-generated ontology. For example, the beard roared. (2) Concrete generation abstraction. For example, don't take a needle or thread from the masses. (3) proper name generalization. For example, our times need thousands of Qian Qian Lei Feng. (4) Famous works. For example, we should read more books about Lu Xun. ⑤ Part replaces the whole. For example: sing low eyebrows and don't write, and the moonlight shines like water on the skirt. ⑥ Consequences and causes. For example, specializing in pen and ink, laughing at strong men. All landowners raw materials rather than finished products. For example, in fifty years, everything is empty, and I am lazy to turn my hair bronze. (8) Place name replaces ontology. For example: Yan 'an or Xi 'an? It is necessary to draw a clear line. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 4. The characteristics and functions of exaggeration (1)! Exaggeration refers to the reasonable and intentional expansion or contraction of the original things in pursuit of a certain expressive effect. Requirements are used without losing the foundation and basis of life and without exaggeration. Its function lies in setting off the atmosphere, enhancing association and enlightening people. (2) Several forms of exaggeration A. Enlarging exaggeration. For example, I suspect that the Milky Way has set for nine days. B, reduce exaggeration. For example, Wuling makes waves, and Wumeng takes mud pills. C. exaggerate in advance. For example, when you see such bright green wheat seedlings, you can smell the white flour steamed bread. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 5. The characteristics of duality (1) and its functional duality are "paired". It will >>

Question 7: What are the rhetorical devices? Eight common figures of speech

1. Metaphor

The Features and Functions of (1) Metaphor

Metaphor is "metaphor" That is, to grasp the similarities between two different things and compare one thing with another. The structure of metaphor is generally composed of ontology (object to be compared), vehicle (object to be compared) and figurative words (symbol of figurative relationship). The key of metaphor: A and B must be essentially different things, and there must be similarities between A and B, otherwise the metaphor cannot be established. The main functions of metaphor are: turning plain into vivid; Turn abstruse into simple; Turn abstract into concrete; Turn verbosity into conciseness.

(2) Types of metaphor

1 simile. The typical form is: A is like B, and ontological vehicles all appear, which are connected by metaphors such as "image, image, as if, as if". For example, the harvested crops are piled up like hills. "

2 metaphor. The typical form is: A is B, both ontology and vehicle appear, and there are no figurative words in the middle. It is often associated with "yes", "success" and "success". For example, the relationship between Marxism and China Revolution is the relationship between the arrow and the target.

3 metaphor. The typical form is: A generation B. Without ontology, it directly describes the vehicle. But it is different from metonymy. Find out the similarities between the two things by metonymy. Such as putting down the luggage and starting the machine.

4 metaphor. Use several metaphors to compare the same ontology from different angles and with different similarities. For example, among the layers of leaves, there are some white flowers dotted sporadically, some bloom gracefully and some bloom shyly; Like a pearl, like a star in the blue sky, like a beauty who just took a bath. (Pearl, Star and Beauty Who Just Showed Bath describe the beauty of lotus from the perspectives of color, luster and feeling, and grasp the similarities such as light, faint flicker, freshness and tranquility. )

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compare

The Characteristics and Functions of (1) Analogy

Writing things as people, or people as crops, or things as other things, its formal characteristics are: humanization of things, materialization of people, or materialization of things. Its function is to make the written "people" or "things" colorful, vivid and meaningful.

(2) the type of analogy

(1) personification. For example, Du Fuchuan is singing and laughing in the willows, and the red flag is fluttering.

② simulacra. For example, if we are honest, there will be bullies. If we dare to use a knife, the bully will have to run with his tail between his legs.

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3. Metonymy

The Features and Functions of (1) Metonymy

Metonymy is not to directly express the person or thing, but to replace it with something related to it. It emphasizes the correlation between two things. Its function is to replace complexity with simplicity, emptiness with truth, everything with strangeness and feelings with things.

(2) Types of metonymy

① Feature-generated ontology. For example, the beard roared.

(2) Concrete generation abstraction. For example, don't take a needle or thread from the masses.

(3) proper name generalization. For example, our times need thousands of Qian Qian Lei Feng.

(4) Famous works. For example, we should read more books about Lu Xun.

⑤ Part replaces the whole. For example: sing low eyebrows and don't write, and the moonlight shines like water on the skirt.

⑥ Consequences and causes. For example, specializing in pen and ink, laughing at strong men.

All landowners raw materials rather than finished products. For example, in fifty years, everything is empty, and I am lazy to turn my hair bronze.

(8) Place name replaces ontology. For example: Yan 'an or Xi 'an? It is necessary to draw a clear line.

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exaggerate

(1) The characteristics and functions of exaggeration!

Exaggeration refers to the reasonable and intentional expansion or contraction of the original things in pursuit of a certain expressive effect. Requirements are used without losing the foundation and basis of life and without exaggeration. Its function lies in setting off the atmosphere, enhancing association and enlightening people.

(2) Several forms of exaggeration

A, expand exaggeration. For example, I suspect that the Milky Way has set for nine days.

B, reduce exaggeration. For example, Wuling makes waves, and Wumeng takes mud pills.

C. exaggerate in advance. For example, when you see such bright green wheat seedlings, you can smell the white flour steamed bread.

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5. Duality

The Characteristics and Functions of (1) Duality

Duality is the opposite > >