The Origin and Characteristics of Traditional National Costume in China

Miao people: Miao people are widely distributed, with many branches, and their costumes have obvious regional differences. Typical dresses for women are tops and pleated skirts. In the past, the Miao people's clothing materials were mainly linen woven homespun, and unique batik and embroidery techniques were widely used. Skirts are mostly white and cyan, and the material, color, style and embroidery of costumes are very ethnic. The silver ornaments on the head, neck, chest and hands are the most common ornaments, and the silver ornaments of Miao nationality are second to none among all ethnic jewelry. The colorful costume culture fully shows the intelligence of the Miao people, and still maintains its own national characteristics.

Buyi: Buyi men wear double-breasted or large-breasted jackets, trousers, long-sleeved trousers and blue or plaid headscarves. The hue is mainly cyan or white. Women usually wear big-breasted jackets and trousers. Skirts, cuffs and other places are inlaid with colored lace, and pants are also inlaid with lace. The head is wrapped in a blue or plaid headscarf, or a white printed head is put on the head. The young woman still has a waist embroidered with beautiful patterns on her chest. Buyi women like to wear silver bracelets, earrings, collars and embroidered shoes with pointed toes and noses. The overall color of Buyi costumes is elegant and simple, maintaining natural harmony with nature.

Dong people: There are three kinds of Dong men's coats: double-breasted ones, right-handed ones, trousers and leggings. The head-wrapped cloth is a bright cloth three meters long, and a row of zigzag patterns are embroidered with red and green silk threads at both ends. Wear a "silver hat" and other silver ornaments when dressing up. When a woman wears a skirt, her upper body is matched with cardigan tights, and her chest is surrounded by scissors-shaped "pocket collar" embroidered with cyan, wrapped in leggings; Wear pants with right-hand shorts. When dressing up, women wear feather skirts. There are also right-hand collarless shirts, buttons made of silver beads, shoulder straps and pointed embroidered shoes. Dong women like to wear silver ornaments, such as silver flowers, silver hats, silver collars and silver bracelets. Dong people's clothes are mostly self-woven and dyed "Dong cloth", which is divided into roving and spinning. Dong women are good at embroidery with exquisite craftsmanship.

Yao nationality: There are great differences among branches of Yao nationality. Men's wear is mainly blue-blue, with double-breasted, oblique-breasted and pipa-breasted tops, as well as trousers, headscarves and leggings of different lengths, which are unpretentious. Women's wear includes large-breasted tops and trousers; Some wear round neck shorts and pleated skirts; There are also those who wear robes and trousers. Yao costumes are unique in pattern and geometric in shape as a whole. The characteristics of Yao headdress are more prominent, such as "dragon plate" shape, "a" shape and "flying swallow" shape. Yao people have a well-developed dyeing and weaving industry, their clothes are all self-dyed homespun, and they have a complete set of indigo printing and dyeing technology. Commonly used colors are red, green, yellow, white and black, and costumes are made by embroidery, brocade and batik.

Bai people: Bai people advocate white, and men's hair bands, women's jackets and trousers all like to use white and light green and light blue. Bai women often embroider colorful patterns on bags, backs, belts, baotou cloth and shoes. Elegant and simple, harmonious tone, elegant aesthetic realm. Dali Bai men wear white double-breasted shirts and black collars, white trousers, white or blue headdresses and hand-embroidered bags on their shoulders. Women often wear white or light blue right-breasted shirts, white or light blue wide pants, short aprons embroidered with ribbons at the waist, and embroidered shoes.

Jing nationality: The costumes of Jing nationality are distinctive, simple and elegant. Men usually wear knee-length clothes with flat chests and narrow sleeves. Women wear diamond bra cloth inside and a collarless, double-breasted coat outside. The clothes are tight, with narrow sleeves and wide trouser legs, mostly black or brown. When you go out, your coat is a light cheongsam-style long coat with narrow sleeves. The custom of women dyeing their black teeth and tying a bun on the chopping board still exists among a few women. The most distinctive decoration of the Jing people is their hats.

Zhuang nationality: Zhuang men often wear double-breasted coats with buttons tied with cloth. Sew a small pocket on the chest to match the two large pockets on the abdomen, and fold the hem inward into a wide edge; The bottom is short and wide, and some are tied with leggings; Embroidered headscarf. Women wear navy blue or dark blue short collar and right blouse, and the collar, cuffs and lapels are embroidered with colored lace. Wearing baggy black pants. There is also a black pleated skirt with colorful embroidery on it and colorful cloth stickers below. The colors are gorgeous and dazzling. Wearing a cloth patch, embroidered waist, and wearing a black headscarf embroidered with patterns. Wear embroidered shoes at festivals or concert venues. Wear embroidered shoulder pads. Women's hairstyles vary from place to place. Zhuang people's clothing is generally made of their own woven homespun.

Li nationality: Li nationality men generally wear double-breasted collarless shirts and trousers, headscarves and feathers. There are regional differences in women's clothing, some wear black round neck tops, and there are many accessories in the clothes. The neckline is connected with white and green beads to form three groups of edges, the cuffs and hem are decorated with shell patterns, human figures and animal and plant patterns, and the front and back are connected with beads to form colorful patterns. Wearing a tight miniskirt, colorful. Some of them wear black and blue flat-necked coats with white patterns embroidered on the cuffs, horizontal patterns on the backs and colorful floral tube skirts. The bottom of the skirt is placed in front. When you wear clothes, don't wear a silver hairpin on your head, a silver chain and a silver collar on your neck, beads on your chest and a silver ring on your hand. Wearing a black scarf. Li women are good at spinning. Li Jin, skirts and other clothes are brightly colored, novel in design, delicate in texture and durable after polishing.

Yi people: Yi men usually wear long or short linen shirts, knee-length black trousers, black buns, leather arrow bags and machetes, and coral earrings on their left ears. Dehong Yi men are wearing long knives, a shell collar around their necks, hand-sewn flower bags with red and green velvet balls on their backs, and white leggings. Women often wear long pleated skirts, black trousers, aprons, wrapped in green cloth, hand-sewn hanging bags on their backs, and "Oh Le" made of white clams and red and white coral beads. Some are colorful, some are elegant and generous, and they are very distinctive.

Wa nationality: there are regional differences in the clothing of Wa nationality. Men in Ximeng usually wear black and blue collarless short shirts, black or blue wide-leg pants, cut their hair short and cover it with black, blue, white and red cloth. They like to wear silver bracelets and bamboo ornaments, and carry long knives and bags on their shoulders when they go out. Women usually wear tight sleeveless tops, straight V-necks, skirts with red and black stripes below, and ornaments made of silver, bamboo and rattan. They like to decorate their necks, waists, arms and legs with round decorations made of bamboo or rattan. Men, women and children like to wear Wa nationality bags with ethnic characteristics, and young men and women also use them as tokens of love. Most of the raw materials of clothing are self-made cotton and linen fabrics, dyed in red, yellow, blue, black and brown, with lines of various colors, to weave all kinds of beautiful patterns.

She nationality: She nationality men used to wear colored linen round neck, large-breasted coat and trousers. Wear cotton trousers without belts in winter. The old man wore a black turban and a belt on his back. The wedding dress is a blue gown, and you wear a red gown when you worship your ancestors. Women's clothes have different styles due to different living areas. She women's dress is characterized by "phoenix dress", which symbolizes all the best, that is, all kinds of colorful patterns are embroidered on clothes and aprons, and gold and silver threads are inlaid; Red rope high-pitched bun; Wearing tinkling silverware all over. She nationality has a special interest in the natural colors of blue and green. In addition, red, yellow and black are also commonly used colors in the clothing of She women. The striped pattern of clothing is uniform and well-defined, and some pink and yellow patterns are often embroidered on the collar.

Gaoshan: There is no obvious seasonal difference in Gaoshan costumes, but there are regional differences. Men in southern provinces of Taiwan Province wear double-breasted long-sleeved jackets, tunic jackets and wide belts, with the ends hanging down as front skirts. The sleeves, collar, waist and hem are inlaid with colored lace, and the head is wrapped with black cloth. Always wearing a rattan helmet or a wooden helmet. Women's wear is divided into three styles: short skirt and long skirt, and long skirt is naked. Some wear double-breasted long-sleeved coats, long skirts and a diagonal corset hanging on their chests; Some people only wear a vest on their upper body and a waist cloth on their lower body. In winter, they wrap themselves around their left shoulders with a square cloth and wear wooden octagonal helmets. Gaoshan men and women like to wear ornaments, such as shellfish, animal teeth, feathers, hides, flowers, coins, bamboo tubes and so on. The whole body is decorated with colorful colors. Female embroidery enjoys a high reputation.

Aquarium: Men in aquariums used to wear double-breasted shirts, ponytails or sun hats. Now, I wear big-breasted robes, trousers, green cloth and sandals or cloth shoes. Women used to wear double-breasted jackets with round neck and wide sleeves, decorated with silver buttons, pleated skirts at the hem, leggings and embroidered shoes with upturned tips. Now, I wear a round neck, big breasts, blue, wide robe, trousers, blue embroidered waist, long hair, blue or white handkerchief on my head, embroidered shoes and all kinds of silver ornaments when I dress up. The textile, printing and dyeing technology of Shui nationality is quite high. The well-known "Shuijia cloth" is fine in texture, evenly woven, skilled in dyeing, and does not fade after washing and grinding. The patterns of cloth are plain, herringbone, twill, check and so on. "Soybean milk printing and dyeing" is a unique and complicated technique invented by the Shui people 700 years ago.

Dongxiang nationality: Dongxiang men usually wear robes, belts, waist knives, tobacco bags and so on. Women often wear embroidered clothes, round neck, big breasts and wide sleeves. Put on a pair of trousers with a small slit at the back of the trousers. Trouser legs and trouser legs are inlaid or embroidered with lace. When wearing, tie the trouser legs with streamers. On festive days, people wear embroidered skirts and embroidered shoes. The man wears a soft hat with flat top, white background and black background without eaves. Women wear patterned hats at home and silk hijab when they go out. The color of the headscarf varies with people's status. Young girls and newlyweds wear green. After one year of marriage, middle-aged women wear black and old women wear white. When wearing a hijab, only the face is exposed and all the hair must be covered. Female jewelry is mainly composed of silver earrings, silver bracelets and agate beads.

Naxi people: Naxi people are used to using linen or coarse cloth woven by themselves as their clothing materials. Young and middle-aged people like to wear white, while old people like black to show their binary world view. Nowadays, women's wear has evolved on the basis of retaining traditional characteristics. Naxi women in Yongning like to wear red, blue and purple shirts with double-breasted and colorful edges, double-pleated dresses with light blue or white shirts, and colorful lace embroidered with silk thread. Tie a red and yellow ribbon around your waist and wear green embroidered shoes on your feet. The most distinctive dress of Naxi nationality is women's "seven-star shawl", which embodies the deep structure of national psychology and contains rich historical and ideological connotations of Naxi nationality.

Jingpo nationality: Jingpo nationality advocates black, and both men and women are used to wearing black clothes and Baotou. Men wear black double-breasted coats, and old people are wrapped in black baotou. The style of trousers is short and wide trousers tube. Young people usually wrap their heads in white cloth. Men fly knives or carry muskets out, which embodies the military custom of Jingpo nationality. A woman's coat is usually a short black coat with double or left opening, covered with silver bubbles and sesame bells. Wear a tube skirt with wool leggings. The color of the skirt is very bright. I like to wear silver. In the past, Jingpo men and women stood on tiptoe.

Tibetans: Tibetan costumes play an important role in Tibetan culture. Men in rural areas usually wear black and white Tibetan robes or serge robes, and underwear is worn on white shirts with colored cloth or silk belts; Women's Tibetan robes are made of the same materials as men's Tibetan robes. They are sleeveless in winter robes and sleeveless in summer robes, lined with various silk shirts and surrounded by a circle of colored striped wool, which is unique in style. Men in pastoral areas often wear long-sleeved leather garments, with lapels, cuffs and bottom edges inlaid with velveteen or woolen cloth, and belts tied outside; Women also wear leather, made of "apron" and red, blue and green wide-brimmed tweed, which is beautiful and beautiful. Tibetan boots mainly include "Songba shoes" and "Galo shoes". Tibetan men and women like to wear exquisite jewelry made of jewelry, gold, silver, copper, jade and ivory on their heads, hands, chest and waist.

Tu nationality: Tu nationality men wear cotton padded leather jackets and wool brown shirts in winter, and small collars, cotton padded robes or short white coats in other seasons, with large black or purple waistcoats, trousers, belts and Chinese-style chest covers. Wearing a white felt hat and embroidered cloth shoes. Men's wear is used to embroidery, with black edges and red edges. Women's clothes are colorful. Most vests are made of black, purple or blue materials with edges, and the waist is tied with patterned ribbons. Wear a crimson pleated skirt with white edges and white cloth pants. Unmarried women wear red, and married women wear blue or black. Embroidered boots with colorful clouds. Girls wear braids, and married women wear double braids, with coral and turquoise at both ends and a brocade felt hat outside. The most exquisite traditional headdress of Tu women is to string silver earrings together with five-color porcelain beads and hang them long on their chests. Women's traditional handicrafts are embroidery and winding.

Manchu: Manchu people used to wear robes all the year round, and the most distinctive robe is cheongsam. Manchu women's cheongsam was originally in the shape of a long vest, and later it evolved into a wide waist and straight tube, reaching the foot. Collar, lapel and sleeve edges are decorated with wide edges. Vest is an important part of Manchu costumes, beautifully made, not only inlaid with colorful lace, but also embroidered with flower patterns. Headdress is a distinctive feature of Manchu costumes. Men used to wear long hair and pigtails. However, women's hair styles are varied, not only hair and braids, but also bun or bun. Manchu regards crimson as a blessing color, which is especially favored. In addition, it also advocates white, which is often used as an ornament for wrapping. Manchu women are good at embroidery, and auspicious patterns such as dragons and phoenixes, cranes and deer, flowers and plants can be seen everywhere on the skirts, uppers, purses and pillows of costumes.

Qiang nationality: The traditional costumes of the Qiang nationality include linen robe, sheepskin vest, Baotou handkerchief, waist girding and leggings. The sheepskin vest is worn on both sides, with wool inward in sunny days and outward in rainy days to keep out the cold and rain. Men's robes are knee-length, and their belts and leggings are made of linen or wool. Usually wear sandals, cloth shoes or cowhide boots. I like to wear a sickle and a knife inlaid with coral on my belt. The women's coat is ankle-length and the neckline is inlaid with plum-blossom silver ornaments. Embroidered front edge, cuffs and collar edge, embroidered apron and ribbon on waist, embroidered pattern on belt. Women's handbags are very particular. The girls wore braids and embroidered headscarves. Married women wear a bun and embroidered headdress. Wear cloud shoes. I like to wear silver hair clips, earrings, earrings, ties, silver medals, bracelets, rings and other accessories. Qiang women have a long-standing reputation for embroidery.

Bulang: In the past, Bulang men wore flowered shirts with small green ropes, black vines under their knees and red cloth. Women wear flowered clothes and skirts, advocating black and blue, with their hair tied behind their heads and green beads, shells and big earrings hanging down to their shoulders. There are great differences between modern Bulang costumes and early costumes. The man is wearing blue cloth, round neck, long sleeves and wide leg pants. A man's headdress changes with age. The Bulang people dyed cloth with indigo very early, using the bark of plum trees and the roots of yellow flowers as raw materials. After a certain processing procedure, it will be dyed into lasting red and yellow respectively, which is very natural. The material of clothing is mostly self-woven homespun, supplemented by essential embroidery.

Salar: Salar men wear white shirts, black vests, belts, trousers, "Loti" or cloth shoes, and black or white domes. Belts are mostly red and green, and pants are mostly black and blue. In winter, men wear smooth sheepskin jackets or wool brown shirts, and the rich hang cloth or wool outside. Women wear coats of various colors and materials, black or purple vests, trousers and embroidered cloth shoes. Salar women like to wear gold and silver rings, jade, copper or silver bracelets, silver earrings and other jewelry. Girls wear headscarves since childhood, young women wear green hijab, middle-aged women wear black hijab and old women wear white hijab.

Maonan: Maonan men used to wear Tang suits and pipa lapels. Women wear right-breasted tops and wide-leg pants. The hem and cuffs of the coat have three sides, one wide and two narrow, which is very chic. Maonan people's fabrics are mostly blue-green, decorated with silver bracelets, collars and unicorns. Blue and white are distinct, especially delicate. The little girl wears a long square waist embroidered with exquisite patterns, which is even more graceful. "Top card flower" (flower bamboo hat) is an exquisite handicraft of Maonan nationality, which is regarded as a delicate and precious ornament by Maonan women. The top of the hat is woven by dozens of honeycomb eyes, lined with oil paper and floral cloth, which makes the honeycomb eyes and the surrounding patterns set each other off, which is very beautiful. Rain and sun protection, beautify the face, and have both practical and decorative effects.

Gelao nationality: Gelao nationality, with an existing population of 437,997. Mainly distributed in Wuchuan Gelao Autonomous County and Daozhen Gelao Miao Autonomous County of Guizhou Province. The rest are scattered in Yunnan and Guangxi. Located in the northern part of Guizhou, at the junction of Guizhou and Sichuan, the inhabited area of Gelao nationality is a slope zone of transition from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to Sichuan Basin. The landform is complex and diverse, and the annual rainfall ranks first in the national average. Rich in water resources and animal and plant resources, it is suitable for developing agriculture and diversified management. Gelao nationality has a long history. Baipu from Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the Western Han Dynasty, Pu and Liao from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties are all related to their ancestors. "Two brothers", "two brothers", "elder brother" and "elder brother" are the names given to them in various periods after Sui and Tang Dynasties. After the founding of New China, it was officially named Gelao nationality. Gelao nationality has its own language, belonging to Sino-Tibetan language family. There has been no conclusion about the attribution of language branches of language families in academic circles. Gelao people have no mother tongue, and Chinese characters are the same. At present, only a few elderly people can use the Gelao language.

Xibe: Xibe men's clothing is a long-breasted robe or a double-breasted blouse. The style of the robe is wide chest with right slit and left and right slits. I like blue, blue and brown, and I wear a green cloth belt around my waist. Women's gowns have the same style as men's gowns, but the collar, sleeves and big breasts are inlaid with lace. They also like to wear pleated dresses in red, green and pink at the waist and hem with short vests. The bride's wedding dress is particularly exquisite, with excellent fabric texture, bright colors and exquisite production. And wear headbands, hairpins, sideburns, silk flower and other jewelry. Men wear domes, and women like to wear headscarves of various colors. Old women usually wear blue or white headscarves and blue cotton hats in winter. Men wear platform shoes and women wear embroidered shoes. Embroidery is a necessary skill for Xibe women, who are good at embroidering birds, fish and insects on clothing and daily necessities.

Achang: Achang men usually wear double-breasted shirts and black trousers, and like to carry "handkerchiefs" and "household knives" when they go out. There is a difference between men's buns and women's dresses. Unmarried women usually wear short clothes and pants with their hair braided on their heads. Married women usually wear short coats, knee-length skirts and buns, wrapped in black cloth or blue cloth, and wear various silver ornaments. And a skirt with narrow sleeves. There are many silver ornaments for young women. Some nail four silver buttons on their chests, hang silver chains, tie silver boxes, and put lime, betel nuts and other things in the silver boxes. Achang men and women like to put flowers in their heads.

Jinuo: Jinuo clothing style is simple and elegant. Men usually wear white round-neck buttonless double-breasted jackets, knee-length trousers, leggings, long cloth bags and patterned bamboo or silver earrings. Women wear seven-color round-neck buttonless tops lined with tights or diamond-shaped embroidered chest pockets. She wore a short skirt that opened and closed in front, wrapped in leggings, and a pointed hat in the shape of a cloak. The raw materials of Jinuo costumes are mostly cotton and linen blended homespun, with primary colors and black and red stripes. The weaving process is primitive and simple, and the woven cloth is not lubricated and dull, but it is strong and durable, which is deeply loved by Jino people.

Nu nationality: The style of Nu nationality clothing is simple and elegant. The traditional clothing for men is a collared robe and knee-length trousers. When you wear it, lift the front, tie the belt and put it in the bag for easy installation. Store your hair and wrap it in green or white cloth. Leggings wrapped in linen. Women wear right cardigan tops, ankle-length skirts and black or red vests. Young girls like to wear colorful lace around skirts, and married women's dresses are embroidered with lace. Women's heads and chests are mostly decorated with strings of coral, agate, shells, beads and silver coins. They wear large steel earrings hanging from their shoulders. Both men and women like to make headscarves and belts with rattan. Women in Gongshan area like to pierce their ears with exquisite bamboo tubes, which reflects their unique aesthetics.

Hui nationality: Due to scattered reasons, the worship hat is the most national feature in Hui costumes, generally made of white cloth. The style is a small round spear without eaves, and some people wear black. Originally used for worship, it has become a national symbol and can be seen everywhere on weekdays. Hui women are used to wearing shawls and covering their heads, only showing their faces. According to different ages, they choose different colors, such as green for girls, cyan for middle-aged people and white for the elderly.

Mongolian: Mongolian costumes include jewelry, robes, belts and boots. Men, women and children like to wear robes all year round, double robes in spring and autumn, single robes in summer and cotton or fur robes in winter. Men's robes are generally generous and unrestrained. Women's dresses are tight to show their slim and healthy figure. Men's wear is mainly blue and brown, while women's wear likes to use red, pink, green and sky blue. Belt is an important part of Mongolian costume, made of satin or cotton cloth, three or four meters long. Mongolian favorite boots are divided into leather boots and cloth boots. Mongolian boots are fine in workmanship and have exquisite patterns in them. Wearing jewelry and hats is a habit of Mongolians. Precious raw materials such as agate, jade, coral, pearls and silver make Mongolian jewelry rich and luxurious.

Ewenki: In the past, the raw materials of Ewenki costumes were mainly animal skins, and the clothing styles mainly included large tops, short thongs, sheepskin jackets, leather pants, leather pants and leather boots. Heavy wool coat, oblique double-breasted buttons, big sleeves, long belt. Short fur coats and lambskin coats are wedding or holiday dresses. Regardless of men's and women's clothes, clothes edges, collars, etc. Decorations made of cloth or sheepskin are worn with a belt. Like blue and black clothes. Leather pants are well-made, embroidered with various patterns, which are both beautiful and generous, and are cold-proof and wear-resistant. They wear leather pants in cold weather. Men wear a single hat made of cloth in summer and a conical leather hat with a red tassel at the top in winter. Ewenki women generally wear earrings, bracelets and rings, or inlaid with coral and agate. Married women should also wear sleeves, silver medals and silver rings.

De 'ang: De 'ang men usually wear black shirts with large buttons, wide trousers, black or white cloth headscarves and colored balls hanging at both ends. Women's wear can be divided into regions and branches. Usually divided into two types: clothing-pants type or skirt-skirt type. The women in the "Bielie" branch wear double-breasted jackets, ankle-length red striped skirts, earrings, ear tubes and silver collars. The skirts of branches called "beams" are blue and red stripes. The most striking features of De 'ang costumes are women's belts and colorful pompoms.

Bao 'an: Men in Bao 'an usually wear white shirts, green vests, black and blue gray trousers and black and white domes. On festive occasions, I like to wear a black striped velvet robe with lapels, large lapels and hemming, a long colored belt with a waist 15 feet, a hat and leather boots. Wear brown lapel leather in winter. Women wear big jackets and vests, mostly corduroy, like bright colors such as purple and green, and are inlaid with lace; Generally, girls should wear hijab, green, black for young women and white for old women. Girls wear long braids on weekdays, colorful scarves and red and green hats on holidays. Baoan broadsword is a handicraft that Baoan people are proud of, and it is also the most distinctive ornament. At the same time, it is also a token of love between men and women and a gift for relatives and friends. Its exquisite workmanship, beautiful appearance, sharpness and durability.

Hani people: Hani people advocate black and are good at dyeing cloth with indigo. Men wear double-breasted jackets and trousers and wrap their heads in blue or white cloth. There are obvious differences among women in different regions. Women in Honghe and other places wear right-handed round neck shirts and trousers; Women's coats and shawls in Mojiang and other places. Wear knee-length shorts and leggings; Women in Banna and Lancang wear short skirts to protect their feet, and there are also long skirts or pleated skirts. Silver ornaments are popular. Buttons, earrings, collars, bracelets and brooches are all made of silver. Skirts, cuffs, trouser legs, belts and other dresses are often inlaid with colorful lace and embroidery patterns.

Han nationality: There are 1042482 187 Han people, accounting for 92% of the national population. It is distributed all over the country. The Han nationality was gradually formed on the basis of the integration of Xia, Shang and Zhou people into the Chinese nation during the Qin and Han Dynasties. Mainly engaged in agriculture, some engaged in modern industry, handicrafts and commerce, creating a highly prosperous material civilization and spiritual civilization. There are seven dialects of Han nationality, namely Northern, Wu, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong and Hakka dialects, with great phonetic differences. Printed Chinese characters are a unified written language. The Han nationality has a vast number of cultural relics, developed science and technology and culture, and many celebrities in politics, military affairs, philosophy, economy, history, natural science, literature and art, with profound attainments. Han people live on rice and flour, like vegetables and meat, and have complicated cooking skills. Houses vary from region to region, and the basic features of their houses are wooden beams and vertical frames bearing loads, facing south, the screen wall of the gatehouse and the cornices of the bucket arch.

Dulong: Dulong men are used to covering their backs with a blanket, tucking it up from left to right, tying it to their chests, and wearing shorts underneath, covering only the front and back of their hips and thighs. Women use two long pieces of cloth, which are draped obliquely from shoulder to knee and from left to right to the front. Both men and women are distributed, the front of Qi Mei is shoulder-length, and the left and right sides are covered with ear tips. Ears are either pierced with rings or inserted with fine bamboo tubes. Now Dulong people usually wear cloth clothes, but they still wear striped carpets outside their clothes. Dulong's accessories are quite distinctive. Both men and women like to dye vines red as bracelets and waist rings. Men must wear machetes, crossbows and arrow bags when they go out; A woman wears a big flower towel and beads around her neck. Dulong's textile technology is relatively developed, and the linen carpet woven is of excellent texture, harmonious color and distinctive features.

Koreans: Korean men generally wear short-sleeved shirts with slanted lapels, wide sleeves with left slits, wide trouser legs, fat waist and large crotch. When I go out, I like to wear a robe without buttons and a long cloth belt. I used to be used to Dai Li, but now young men wear caps and middle-aged and elderly people wear felt hats. The sleeves of children's coats are made of colorful "seven-color satin", just like a rainbow flowing on the body. Women's clothes are short skirts and long skirts, which Koreans call "Ze" and "Ma Qi". I like to choose yellow, white and pink fabrics. Korean shoes are unique, from clogs and sandals to sandals and Ma Xie, to modern men's wide rectangular rubber shoes and women's pointed boat-shaped rubber shoes.

Hezhe nationality: Fish skin coat is an important symbol of Hezhe nationality. It is made from the skins of fat head, salmon, pomfret and carp. Clothing pants, cymbals, belts, leggings, aprons, gloves, pockets, etc. Hezhe men and women like to wear long-sleeved robes, coats, vests or jackets. Men's trousers are mostly made of Sophora japonica head, Zheluo or dog skin, and the waist is inclined. Pants are mostly flush, inlaid or embroidered with various laces. Both men and women wear fish skins to adapt to hunting or fishing. To make fish skin clothing, first peel off the fish skin and dry it, then beat and knead it repeatedly with a special ripe skin tool until it becomes soft, and then dye it with various wild flowers. Hezhe fish skin clothing is not only made of fish skin, but also used to sew clothes. Fish skin clothing has the characteristics of cold resistance, moisture resistance, wear resistance, waterproof and beautiful appearance.

Menba: There are regional differences in the costumes of Menba. Men and women in corner areas wear Tibetan ochre robes to tie their waists. Wearing a small round brown hat with an orange edge, with a delicate and striking small gap in front, is very ethnic. Boots are worn on the feet, sewn in red and black, and the soles are soft soles of cowhide. Women also put a white cylindrical apron on the outside of their robes and covered their backs with calfskin or goatskin. Both men and women in Medog like to wear cotton and linen clothes, including long and short coats. Men have long hair, earrings and waist knives. Women are wearing colorful skirts with pigtails on their heads, which are decorated with red, yellow and green lines. Menba women are good at spinning wool and weaving belts. Menba women like to wear silver bracelets, earrings, rings and necklaces inlaid with corals, turquoise and other precious stones, and a protective box "Wu Xia" is hung on their chests.

Lhoba: Lhoba costumes are very unique. Men usually wear Tibetan robes with black wool vests and pullovers to the abdomen. Stick a piece of wild cowhide on your back and tie it to your shoulder with a thong. Wearing a bearskin round helmet and a rattan round helmet, a furry bearskin ring is covered on the brim, and the hair stretches around. A rectangular bearskin is hung on the back of the hat to prevent it from being cut by arrows and knives. When going out on weekdays, I always bring bows and arrows, broadswords, copper and silver bracelets, bamboo tube earrings and various beads. Women generally wear collarless narrow-sleeved double-breasted shirts made of linen. The lower body is wrapped in a tight skirt, which is longer than the knee and tied tightly with a belt. Wear copper and silver bracelets, rings, blue and white necklaces, and wear a lot of shells around your waist. Both men and women are barefoot, with long hair, which hangs back casually, and Qi Mei is on his forehead.

Kazakhs: Kazakhs are a nomadic people on the grassland, and their costumes should be easy to ride. Men mainly have leather clothes, leather pants, shirts, trousers, vests, terry and so on. Leather pants are big, mainly worn in winter. Shirts and trousers are mostly white cloth, and shirts are pullovers. Young men also like to embroider patterns on their collars, which are colorful and beautiful. Women wear dresses made of satin, cotton cloth and wool textiles, preferring red, green and light blue. The dresses of girls and young women are very gorgeous, with embroidered sleeves and lace at the hem. Women's hats and headscarves are very particular. Kazakhstan's traditional handicraft is well-known embroidery, with techniques such as picking, sticking, mending, hooking and stabbing. All kinds of beautiful patterns can be seen everywhere, colorful.

Tatar: In the traditional dress of Tatar, men usually wear a white shirt with a pullover, wide sleeves and embroidered edges, plus a waist-length black vest or black buttonless coat, with narrow trouser legs and long trousers. Farmers and herdsmen like to wear belts, which makes it easier to move. Wear cotton-padded clothes in winter. Women wear dresses with wide flounces, and the colors are mostly yellow, white and purple. A coat, blazer or dark vest. Men like to wear embroidered hats and round flat-topped velvet hats. In winter, they wear curled black sheepskin hats. Women wear beaded flower hats and often wear headscarves outside. I especially like wearing earrings, bracelets, rings, necklaces and other jewelry. Both men and women wear leather shoes or boots. Women in pastoral areas like to nail silver or nickel coins on their clothes.

Uzbeks: Uzbeks like to wear silk short-sleeved shirts in summer. The neckline, cuffs and front opening of the shirts are embroidered with red, green and blue velvet in various beautiful and colorful patterns. Wear a long circle longer than the knee and a triangular embroidered belt made of satin or cotton in spring and autumn. Wear sweaters, trousers and sheepskin jackets in winter. Women wear silk shirts, dresses, etc. In summer, and the dresses worn by elderly women are generally pleated and monotonous in color. The dresses worn by young women are brightly colored, embroidered with various patterns and patterns on their chests, and decorated with colored beads and sequins. In addition to sweaters, woolen trousers and woolen coats, women generally like to wear fox fur and fur coats, which is more elegant. Uzbek men and women wear "multi-skinned" hats all year round. (Note: Sound is a kind of hope)