The tortoise is reading classical Chinese. Song Wang Yuan two years.

1. "Biography of Turtle in Historical Records in Song and Yuan Dynasties"

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Wang got a turtle. He killed it and used it. I want to connect it to the left so that good people can choose it.

In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Jiang made the tortoise in the river, and as for Quanyang. Fishermen are going to put away their nets and put them in cages. In the middle of the night, the turtle came to see Song Yuanmeng and said, "I make a river for the river, and the curtain net shows me the way." I can't go because Quanyang beat me. You can't say anything when you are in trouble. Wang Youde is honest, I will tell you. "Wang Yuan suddenly realized. I called Dr. Wei Ping and asked him, "Today I dreamed of a husband with a long neck and a long head, wearing mysterious embroidered clothes and riding a chariot." I came to see a dream and said,' I made a river for the river, and the curtain network showed me the way. I can't go because Quanyang beat me. You can't say anything when you are in trouble. Wang Youde is righteous, so I'll tell you. "What is it?" Weiping is a type of aid, looking up at the bright moon and watching the fight. In rural areas, it is supplemented by rules and regulations. Four dimensions are set, and gossip is on the other side. It is prescient to look at his luck. But he said to Yuan Wang, "I used to be a child, and I stayed in Petunia. Rivers meet, ghosts and gods seek common ground. In the north and south of the Han Dynasty, the rivers were solid, the south wind was new, and Jiang Shi went first. Baiyun buried Han and left everything behind. The handle of the bucket pointed to the sun, and the messenger rode a chariot as a prisoner of mysterious clothes. His name is tortoise. The king is anxious to make people ask questions. " Qi Weiwang said, "You speak very well!" ! "

So Wang Nai made people ask Quanyangling urgently, "Fisherman Geometrician? Who is Yu? I got a turtle, and I saw a dream from the king, so the king asked me to have it. " Quanyangling is an official book view. There are 55 fishermen on the water, named Yu He. Quanyang ordered, "Promise." However, he asked the messenger, "What did you get from fishing in the past and now?" Yu Yu said, "At midnight, you will see a turtle with a net." The messenger said, "Is the tortoise safe now?" He said, "In the cage." The messenger said, "Wang knows that his son has a turtle, so he asked me to ask for it." I said, "Promise." Is that the tortoise comes out of the cage and presents an angel.

The messenger went out of Quanyang Gate with his itinerary. I can't see the scene during the day, and the wind and rain are gloomy. Clouds cover it, and the five colors are blue and yellow; Thunderstorms become one, and the wind will go. Enter the end door and see the east frame. The body is like running water, moist and bright. Seeing the king of Yuan Dynasty, he stretched his neck forward, stopped in three steps, shrank his neck and returned to his old place. King Yuan was surprised at this scene and asked Wei Ping, "What does a turtle expect when it sees me and stretches its neck forward?" ? Retract. What is it? "Wei Ping said to him," The tortoise is in trouble, but he was imprisoned in the past. The king has the virtue of making people live. Today I want to cran my neck to thank you, but I want to go. " Wang Yuan said, "Good! God is terrible, you won't stay long; Have fun driving the turtle. Don't be late. "

2. Classical Chinese extended reading "trailing" answer original:

Zhuangzi was fishing in Pushui, and the king of Chu sent the doctor and the doctor to go first, saying, "I hope I am tired in China!" " Zhuangzi ignored the pole and said, "I heard that there was a turtle in Chu State, and it was 3,000 years old when it died. The king's towel is hidden in the temple. This turtle would rather die for a bone than drag its tail alive? "

The second doctor, Yu Yue, said, "I'd rather be born."

Zhuangzi said, "Yes! I will drag my tail in the painting. "

Translation:

Zhuangzi is fishing in Puhe River. The king of Chu sent two doctors to invite him (as an official). (They say to Zhuangzi): "I want to burden your housework!" Zhuangzi didn't look back (at them) with the end of the fishing rod, saying, "I heard that there was a turtle in the State of Chu, which has been dead for 3,000 years. The king wrapped it in brocade, put it in a bamboo box and treasured it in the hall of the ancestral temple. This (god) turtle, (it is) would rather die than leave a bone for people to cherish, or would rather live and wag its tail in the mud? "

The two doctors said, "I'd rather wag my tail in the mud alive."

Zhuangzi said, "Please go back! I want to wag my tail in the mud. "

3. Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Cao's poems, although the tortoise lives long.

Cao Cao

Although the tortoise has a long life, it has its moments. The snake rides the fog and eventually turns to dust.

The old horse crouches, aiming at thousands of miles; The martyrs were full of courage in their later years.

The surplus and contraction period is not only in the sky; Blessings that nourish grace can last forever.

Fortunately, even! Sing with ambition.

Look upstairs.

Make an appreciative comment

This poem is the last chapter of Cao Cao's Yuefu poem Out of Xiamen, which was written in the twelfth year of Jian 'an (207). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the nobles of Wuhuan slave owners who lived in the northeast of China took advantage of the chaos in the Central Plains and often entered the fortress to plunder the people of China. After ten years of Jian 'an, Cao Cao pacified Jizhou, Yuan Shao's sons Yuan and Yuan Shang defected to Wuhuan. In the 12th year of Jian 'an, Cao Cao led the army to conquer Wuhuan in order to stabilize the northeast border and eliminate the remnants of Yuan Shao. This poem was written when he returned home in triumph. The whole poem is based on high spirits and generosity, expressing Cao Cao's heroic feelings of being strong and active.

Except for the last two sentences in the fourteenth sentence of "Although Returning to the Head", which were added when entering music, it has nothing to do with the content of the whole poem. Each of the other twelve sentences is a layer and can be understood in three layers.

The first layer is the first four sentences. The main meaning of these four sentences is "life is not long". In order to express this meaning, the poet did not adopt a direct writing method, but used two metaphors: the tortoise and the snake. The tortoise is a kind of tortoise. The ancients often used it to symbolize longevity. Although the tortoise can live a long life, it will die eventually, so the poem says, "There is still time." Teng snake, according to legend, is a sacred object like a dragon with superb skills. Although Teng snake can walk in clouds and smoke, it will inevitably die, so the poem says, "It will eventually turn to dust." The poet especially praised turtles and rattan snakes here, because in ancient times, when superstitions were quite popular, turtles and rattan snakes were both infected with strong theological colors. Nevertheless, the poet concluded that they could not escape death. The tortoise and the vine snake are still the same. As for other species, nature is even more important. Therefore, the poet's metaphor of tortoise and snake not only has the typical significance of drawing inferences from others, but also clearly denies the theological superstition that everything remains unchanged and people can become immortals. From the rhetorical point of view, the first four sentences are all metaphors, only the tortoise and the Teng snake are written as metaphors, and the content of the metaphor is completely omitted. This treatment not only makes the language concise, but also leaves room for readers' imagination, so that readers will naturally think that aging and death are irresistible natural laws. But how to treat aging and death, different people often have different performances. Some eat and drink, wasting time; Some lamented that they were late and pessimistic. Cao Cao, on the other hand, shows another spiritual realm, that is, the thoughts and feelings expressed in the second layer of this poem.

The following four sentences are the second level. This layer is the center of the whole poem. In writing, there are some similarities between this layer and the first layer, and metaphors are also used. The old horse still wants to gallop thousands of miles in the manger, which shows that the martyrs who want to make contributions are still ambitious in their twilight years. An old horse is an old swift horse. In ancient times, swift horse played an important role in people's lives, especially in the war. Therefore, Cao Cao's metaphor for Lao Ji is full of respect and love for Lao Ji, and it is also a symbol of his own decades of military career. In content, this layer inherits the first layer. On the one hand, it shows that Cao Cao has clearly seen that he has reached his twilight years, on the other hand, it also shows his valuable mental state when he entered his twilight years. At the beginning of this layer, it is written that "the old horse lurks", and it is written that a swift horse, like a tortoise and snake, cannot violate the laws of nature and is an old horse. A swift horse is like this, and so are people. He was 53 years old when he wrote "The Tortoise is Living". The ancients said that people "decline at fifty." So in this poem, Cao Cao admits that he is old. However, Cao Cao's outstanding point is not here, but that he is not satisfied with his old age in the face of old age. He must maintain a spiritual realm of endless struggle and hard work. This is really commendable.

A successful person always cherishes his years and always wants to extend his life by relying on human strength, so as to gain more time to make contributions. Cao Cao is such a person. Cao Cao's thoughts and feelings are concentrated on the third layer of Guisishou. In Cao Cao's view, "the period of surplus and contraction is not limited to the sky", that is, the length of human life is related to the sky, but it is not completely determined by the sky. As long as people pay attention to their health, they can live longer. Here, on the one hand, Cao Cao saw the relationship between people's life span and natural attributes, on the other hand, he highlighted people's subjective and dynamic role in life span. This simple and dialectical materialist spirit denied the long-standing superstition that "life and death have a life, and wealth is in the sky", which was quite progressive at that time.

The center of "although turtles live long" is to express a strong and active spirit. This spirit reflects the spirit of the times from one side, and it is also a feature of our cultural tradition in China. This feature has inspired countless people with lofty ideals to work hard in the cause of "ruling the country and leveling the world", and even in their twilight years, "they still hope to make new contributions." It is this kind of thoughts and feelings that Guithough Shou shows, so it has aroused many people's songs since ancient times.

4. History of Song Dynasty in Classical Chinese. When Li Chuan translated the Song Dynasty, Li was appointed as Kaifeng Prefecture Yin, and a son was bullied by a servant and was very angry. He prepared a complaint and wanted to sue Kaifeng, but was dissuaded by another scholar in his field. Later, on a whim, he took out a complaint and wrote a judgment in imitation of Li's brushwork: "There is no need to review, and he will be fined 20 boards." But it didn't really hit.

The next day, the servant filed a lawsuit with the government office, accusing the master of imitating the governor's judgment and using punishment without permission. Li called his son for questioning, and when he learned what happened, he flew into a rage and said, "This judgment is exactly what I thought."

He fined his servant twenty boards on the spot. [Happy! ] and ordered him to apologize to his master. This made thousands of servants in the city at that time, and no one dared to be presumptuous again.

Duke Xian of Song and Yuan Dynasties (Song people, real name Yao, word Gongxu, died in Yuan Xian) resigned as prime minister and guarded Luoyang. A juren was accused of tax evasion in his luggage by his servant. Song Yudao: "Who doesn't bring luggage to Beijing for the imperial examination?" There is no heavy penalty. But the slave sued the master, and the wind must not be broken! "

He only sent the juren to the tax court to pay double the tax, and the servant was killed with a stick.

5. The original text and translation in the trailer painting 1. Zhuangzi was fishing in Pushui, and the king of Chu sent doctors first, saying, "I would like to be tired of China!" " Zhuangzi ignored the pole and said, "I heard that there was a turtle in Chu State, and it was 3,000 years old when it died. The king's towel is hidden in the temple.

This turtle would rather die than leave a bone, not drag its tail alive? "The second doctor said," I'd rather be born than be dragged. " Zhuangzi said, "gone! I will drag my tail into the paint. "

2. Zhuangzi was fishing in Puhe River, and the King of Chu sent two ministers to invite him (to be an official). (They said to Zhuangzi): "(King Chu) wants to trouble you with domestic affairs!" Zhuangzi said without looking back, holding the end of a fishing rod, "I heard that there was a turtle in Chu, and it was 3,000 years old when it died. The king wrapped it in brocade, put it in a bamboo box and treasured it in the hall of the ancestral temple. This (god) turtle, (it is) would rather die than leave a bone for people to cherish, or would rather live and wag its tail in the mud? " The two ministers said, "I'd rather wag my tail in the mud alive."

Zhuangzi said, "Please go back! I want to wag my tail in the mud. " 3. Source: From Zhuangzi Qiushui.

Extended data:

1. Story background: Zhuangzi, a famous thinker in the Warring States period, was very talented. Chu Weiwang wanted to invite him to help manage state affairs, and sent two special envoys to bring many pearls and jade. On the bank of Pushui, he met Zhuangzi, who lived in seclusion and fished here. For example, Zhuangzi told his envoys that he was willing to live in seclusion like a turtle who saved his life. The messenger had to leave angrily.

2. About the author: Zhuangzi, surnamed Zhuang, Zhou and Zi Xiu (also known as "Zi Xiu"), was born in the Song Dynasty, and his ancestors were the duke and monarch of the Song Dynasty. He was a famous thinker, philosopher and writer in the middle of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period.

Zhuangzi, an important school of philosophy in China, was founded. He is a representative of the Taoist school in the Warring States period after Laozi and one of the main representatives of the Taoist school. Zhuang Zhou should not be employed by Chu Weiwang because he advocates freedom. He only worked as a lacquer garden official in the Song Dynasty.

History is called "the proud official of Qiyuan" and is regarded as a model of local officials. Zhuangzi first put forward the idea of "sage inside and king outside", which had a far-reaching influence on Confucianism. Zhuangzi has profound views on the Book of Changes, and profoundly pointed out that "the Book of Changes takes the way of Yin and Yang"; Zhuangzi's thought of "three tones" is consistent with the three talents in the Book of Changes.

His masterpiece is Zhuangzi, among which the famous ones are Xiaoyao Tour and On Wuqi. As famous as Laozi, it is called Laozi and Zhuangzi.

Zhuangzi's imagination is extremely rich, his language is freely used and flexible, and he can make some subtle and unspeakable philosophies fascinating. His works are called "literary philosophy, philosophical literature".

It is said that he lived in seclusion in Nanhua Mountain, so at the beginning of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he named Zhuang Zhou as the South China Reality and his book Zhuangzi as the South China True Classic. 3. Note: ① Temple: the place where the monarch worships his ancestors.

② Pushui: the name of an ancient river, located in the north of Anhui Province. Doctor: Minister.

4 Say first: it means to express your mind first. First: greetings and greetings.

Yan: It also means "being". ⑤ Tired: Trouble ⑤ Towel: A linen fabric used for covering.

Barnyard grass: A bamboo vessel for holding meals or clothes, used as a verb here. Put it in a bamboo box.

Wrapped in brocade and packed in bamboo boxes. Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhuangzi Baidu Encyclopedia-Tail painting.

6. Classical Chinese

Original text:

Zhuangzi was fishing in Pushui, and the king of Chu sent the doctor and the doctor to go first, saying, "I hope I am tired in China!" " Zhuangzi ignored the pole and said, "I heard that there was a turtle in Chu State, and it was 3,000 years old when it died. The king's towel is hidden in the temple. This turtle would rather die for a bone than drag its tail alive? "

The second doctor, Yu Yue, said, "I'd rather be born."

Zhuangzi said, "Yes! I will drag my tail in the painting. "

Translation:

Zhuangzi is fishing in Puhe River. The king of Chu sent two doctors to invite him (as an official). (They say to Zhuangzi): "I want to burden your housework!" Zhuangzi didn't look back (at them) with the end of the fishing rod, saying, "I heard that there was a turtle in the State of Chu, which has been dead for 3,000 years. The king wrapped it in brocade, put it in a bamboo box and treasured it in the hall of the ancestral temple. This (god) turtle, (it is) would rather die than leave a bone for people to cherish, or would rather live and wag its tail in the mud? "

The two doctors said, "I'd rather wag my tail in the mud alive."

Zhuangzi said, "Please go back! I want to wag my tail in the mud. "

7. Read the following poem and then answer this question (1). Write about the roaring tide, as if it were a snow-capped mountain carried by a turtle, as if it were a sleeping dragon waking up from a dream, and as if it were a high wind blowing the seawater upright. The poet used several vivid metaphors in succession, vividly showing the breathtaking scene and unstoppable momentum of the Qiantang River tide, which made people feel immersive. (That's right)

(2) "Smelling Night Flute across the River" describes the whole word with motion and silence, which is in contrast with the previous visual description. The whole word is purely natural scenery. At this time, it is charming to point out that there are people in the scene and me in the scene. You can hear the flute on the other side of the river, indicating that everything is calm and quiet; Writing a flute is actually about the water of Qiantang River. (That's right)

8. Read the following passage and complete the following two sub-questions 1: Yue/I heard that there was a turtle in Chu State/it was 3,000 years old when it died/it was in the temple where it was hiding/it died to save its bones/it is better to drag its feet alive.

Question 2: Metaphor and contrast. I don't want to be bound by fame and fortune (official position and power are also acceptable), but I prefer freedom and humility.

Question 1:

Analysis of test questions: To distinguish sentence breaking from reading, we should comprehensively use the common sense of ancient Chinese words and ancient history and culture, so the ability of sentence breaking has become an important symbol of classical Chinese reading ability. Don't rush to answer questions, you should read this passage first and try to have a general understanding of the full text through reading. With a sense of language, we can first disconnect what can be disconnected, gradually narrow the scope, and then concentrate on analyzing the difficult parts, following the principle of easy first and then difficult. Look for function words, investigate dialogues, distinguish sentence patterns according to total scores and rhetoric, symmetry and repetition. This topic should pay attention to the dialogue "Yue", the function word "One" in classical Chinese, and the symmetrical sentence "Life is worse than death".

Question 2:

Test analysis: Zhuangzi euphemistically explained his desire to live freely and not be bound by fame and fortune by telling a story about a turtle, so he used metaphors and analogies.

9. There are many talented women in Shu, and there was another Su Xiaomei in Song Dynasty. There are many talented women in Shu, and there was another Su Xiaomei in Song Dynasty. It can be said that the Sichuan spirit in Song Dynasty was best extracted from the Su family. His father Su Xun, his brothers Su Shi and Su Zhe are all very talented people. The so-called "father and son are three characters, and there are eight people who have written for a thousand years". Su Xiaomei is neither fat nor thin, with thin lips, round face, dark skin and liquid appearance. At first glance, she looks like a shrewd woman. She loves to bicker with her two brothers since she was a child. She is naive, especially her eldest brother Su Shi, who is full of beard, potbellied, dressed in wide robes and sleeves, unkempt and informal, and is the object of her bickering. So she quarreled endlessly at home all day. One day, Su Dongpo joked about her sister's appearance: before leaving the hall, she went to the painting hall on her forehead; I wiped my tears several times, leaving two springs full of tears. Su Xiaomei smiled and immediately retorted: a bunch of rotten grass came out of his lips, and his hair and beard did not move; After quarreling several times, I suddenly heard the sound reaching Li Mao. This poem mocked Su Shi's unkempt beard. Su Xiaomei said that Su Shi's beard didn't seem to catch the sore spot, and he felt that he didn't use it. After studying it again, I found that my brother's forehead was flat and there was no sense of majesty. He also has a horse face, which is a foot long and his eyes are far apart. The whole five senses are out of proportion, and he immediately worked hard happily. Last year, a tear of acacia couldn't reach my cheek. Hearing this, Su Shi patted his sister's head and laughed. Sue's brother and sister joked that this is a pun often used to forgive, so you can imagine. 1. Su Dongpo's ci mainly uses (exaggerated) techniques. 2. What Su Xiaomei said for the first time was mainly figurative, and the second time was (exaggerated).