Classical Chinese is based on

1. How to say "of course" in ancient Chinese, which means "solid", was born before me, and his understanding of Tao was also solid before me (born before me, he certainly knew the truth before me), (indicating concession, of course, of course).

Fixed Pinyin: gù, Zhuyin: ㄨˋ, radical:, external stroke: 5, total stroke: 8, five strokes: LDD, Cang Xie: WJR.

Zheng code: JDEJ, four corners: 60604, structure: fully enclosed, code: 0942, location: 2544, unified code: 56FA.

Stroke order: ?フ?125011

Explanation:

1, solid, solid: solid. Steady. Consolidate and solidify. Reinforcement.

2, firm, unchanged: stubborn. It's fixed. Solid foundation.

3, this, the original: inherent. Stay where you are (also called "stay where you are")

4. Modesty (little knowledge).

5. Last name.

Extended data

Chinese character strokes:

Related words:

1, strengthening [ji ā guo]

Make a building, etc strong.

2. Warranties [b and g]

The contractor guarantees that the project will not be damaged within a certain period of time and is responsible for repairing the damage.

3, stable [wěn gù]

Slow and steady.

4. Solid and humble [Julu]

Not much knowledge.

5. Jugu

Stubborn. Transfer to an ordinary university.

2. On the Language of Classical Chinese During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the articles used to record words were not invented. Bamboo slips, silks and other things were used to record words, but silks were expensive, bamboo slips were cumbersome and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a roll of bamboo slips, it is necessary to delete unimportant words.

It can be said that "classical Chinese" is the earliest "compressed" format of written records in the world. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" among the ruling classes had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy.

The first "article" refers to a written article. "Speech" means writing, expressing and recording.

"Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular". The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre.

"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". And "vernacular" means: "articles written in ordinary and simple oral language"

In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in "spoken language" and "written language". For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And expressed in written language, it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. Here, the noun "Fanbu" is used as a verb, which means to eat.

Before 19 19, China's articles were all written in classical Chinese. Now we generally call "ancient Chinese" "classical Chinese".

In the history of China for thousands of years, great changes have taken place in spoken English, but the classical Chinese has always maintained a similar format. Classical Chinese can make users of different languages "talk in writing", which is a fixed format but not very difficult way of communication.

[Edit this paragraph] The definition of classical Chinese in Hong Kong and Macao. Generally, newspapers and magazines in Hong Kong and Macao are written in Cantonese. They will refer to the written language of China written in Mandarin (called Mandarin in Taiwan Province Province) as classical Chinese. Recently, Putonghua education has been promoted in Hong Kong. Because Hong Kong students are used to textbooks written in Cantonese, they all tell their teachers that these classical Chinese are difficult to learn. In fact, they are referring to Putonghua in Chinese mainland or Putonghua in Taiwan Province Province. For details, please refer to the news report of TVB Emerald Channel in Hong Kong at 6:30+65438 on October 7th, 2008/KLOC-0.

SCOLAR funded 160 primary and secondary schools in four years, and switched to Putonghua to teach Chinese from this school year. However, only more than 20 secondary schools applied this year, and some secondary schools expressed that they would rather implement it at their own expense than apply. [Edit this paragraph] Classical Chinese Structure (I) Judgment Sentence The so-called judgment sentence is a sentence pattern that uses nouns, pronouns or noun phrases as predicates to judge the subject.

Its common form is as follows: 1 "... Zhe, ... Ye", ... Ye ",... Ye", ... Ye ",... Ye" and so on. Such as: "Lian Po, Zhao Zhiliang will also. "

[Exercise 1] List such judgments in the classical Chinese we have studied. Chen Shengsheng is also from Yangcheng.

(2) a ridge porch, old south pavilion also. (3) Nanyang Liu Ziji, noble's also.

Those people were shocked, and Zhou didn't shoot. (5) seven slightly four libraries, the book of the son of heaven.

6 in the palace, everything is one. ⑦ Liang, my enemy, Prince, my foundation.

I hate these three today, too. Pet-name ruby bribing qin and losing strength, the way burst its banks.

Attending, the effect of fighting also. 2. Adverbs Shi, Shi, Shi, Cheng and Wei are used to express judgment.

For example, "Today is the autumn of great submission." [Exercise 1] List such judgments in the classical Chinese we have studied.

When you ask what the world is like today, you don't know if there are any Han people. I wonder what year it is today.

(3) is now in the tomb. (4) Fu Liang is chu will Xiang Yan.

This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower. 6. Either you die or you move.

⑦ This is kindness, loyalty and purity. Today is a crucial autumn.

Pet-name ruby Now, I am a fish. Attending I am a madman in Chu, and the wind is laughing at Kong Qiu.

3. Use the negative adverb "Fei" to express negation. For example, "six countries collapse, not bad soldiers, bad wars."

[Exercise 1] List such judgments in the classical Chinese we have studied. (More than 3 sentences) ① Climbing up a mountain, the arm is not lengthened, but the person you see is far away.

(2) The city is not high, the city is not deep, and the soldiers and grass are not strong. (3) The North Sea is not too mountainous.

(2) Passive Sentences In classical Chinese, the subject of some sentences is the receiver of the action, which is a passive sentence. Its common types are: 1. See you. See you.

For example, "I often laugh at a generous family." [Exercise 1] List such passive sentences in classical Chinese that we have studied.

(The number of sentences is more than 3) Afraid of being bullied by the king. (2) Qin Cheng was afraid that he could not get it, but saw his bullying.

(3) so confused in Zheng Xiu, rely on yi cheung. (4) Li Zifan, seventeen years old, studied at school.

2. "for" and "for ..." are passive. For example, "parents, clans, were all slaughtered."

(1) die, laugh at the world. (2) For the country, no ambassador will be taken away by Wikipedia.

(3) Serve the Group in terms of income. (4) first fear for fuck.

(5) After the Chu Dynasty was conquered, it was destroyed by Qin for several decades. (3) Inverted sentences The inverted sentences in classical Chinese are relative to the sentence order of modern Chinese. Based on this, we divide inversion sentences in classical Chinese into prepositional object, attributive postposition, adverbial postposition and verb inversion.

1. Preposition object The so-called prepositional object is a component that is usually used as an object and placed in front of the predicate verb to express emphasis. For example, the word "zhi" in the "disagreement" is the prepositional object.

Preposition objects are usually divided into four situations. (1) In interrogative sentences, interrogative pronouns are objects and prepositional objects.

What is the king doing here? Wes, who are we going home with? (2) In negative sentences, pronouns are objects and prepositions are objects. For example, "the ancients did not bully."

(3) Advance the object with the help of "Zhi" and "Shi". For example, "I don't know the sentence, but I don't understand it."

"It is urgent to study hard and it is rare to see it." (4) Preposition objects in prepositional phrases.

For example, "Why else would the book be here?" 2. Attributive Postposition Usually attributive should be placed in front of the head word, but there are many sentences in classical Chinese that put attributive after the head word. Such as: "Earthworms have no advantage of minions, strong bones and muscles, and feed on Egypt.

3. Translation of Classical Chinese Bi Liu Zhongwei Lu Shancai Wei Zai's younger brother, born in Wu Kang, Xing Wu.

Zuyo, Liang Tejin. Father Xuan, assistant minister of Ren Liang Huangmen.

Many people are studious and quite literate. They set out from Liang Zhenwei, Nanping people and Wang Facao joined the army, and the prince gave up his family. At that time, Liang Wudi wrote Poems of a Thousand Words, which was annotated by the public.

At the same time, Chen Jun and Xie Jing were summoned to Wende Hall, and the emperor ordered everyone to write bamboo slips, which were written by the emperor and performed by the emperor. The hand replied, "Your style is graceful, so you can say that you have no ancestors and no sects." When Yang Gong Xiao Da trusted Yingzhou Secretariat, he joined the army in public.

Find Wang Jishi in southern Hunan and join the army. Relocate the prince, give up his family business, and ride a regular waiter.

Hire Wei, return, move a title of generals in ancient times Luling Wang to discuss joining the army, and the rest are as before. The Hou Jing Rebellion was widely known by Wu Liang, who called it the trilogy of justice. In Xing Wu, he asked to go back and recruit thieves, and Wu Liang agreed.

And jingwei taicheng, led by more than 5,000 clan members, joined the aid of jingyi, stopped in Xiao Hang, and stood in array for the thief. Military capability is very complete, and depth of field is terrible. Wu Liang gave the right-back rate to the prince at a distance in the city.

The capital fell and many people fell to the scene. Jingping, in Jingzhou of the Western Jin Dynasty, Yuan Di thought that the illegitimate child of the Prince was the state of Dazhongzheng.

Looking for a long history of moving Stuart Zuo. Jiangling fell into a trap and was captured by the Western Wei Dynasty. After finding it, I fled and returned. He respected the emperor and gave him imperial advice.

In the first year of Shaotai, leftists not only served middle schools, but also wrote books. Gaozu was ordered to move Chinese books, as good as ever.

Gaozu is well-known in all the States, highly respected and generously rewarded, surpassing his generation. Many people are very stingy, managing hundreds of millions of industries and wealth, leaving nothing behind.

His self-care ability is very thin, and his clothes are torn or he wears a crown at every meeting. In the second year of Yongding, the Shangshu Department was established to supervise the Taiji Hall.

He always wears a cloth robe, holds a hemp rope as a belt, and carries dried fish, vegetables and rice alone, which is the practice of the imperial court. People are in a hurry, so they are angry, so they humiliate officials, not ruin the court.

Gaozu was furious, so many people had expectations, and he didn't want to punish him. Later, he went back to Wu Kang on vacation, so he died in Wuzhong at the age of 56. Bi Yuan, whose name is Wenyang, is the respected brother of Dr. Zuo Guanglu.

Clear and dry, satisfied with the shore. Mr. Brown was released to ride an assistant minister and pass through the palace.

Hou Jing chaos, secretion will. At that time, brother Bi was the prefect of Wu Jun and Liang was the leader of the East Palace, so he ordered the recruitment of foot soldiers in Wuzhong.

And jingwei taicheng, the secretion rate was cited for assistance. The capital fell and surrendered to Dongyang, and the scene made soldiers chase it. From the city of Dongling, Huiji, relying on Fan Xiao, the heir of Poyang.

Fanzu, secretion is a drop in the landscape. Jingping, Wang Sengbian for Fuchun magistrate, Yin for Danyang magistrate.

Town Yang Hou Ju, supplemented by secretions, served together. Gao Zuchan and Wang Lin, according to the upper class, secreted Xiao Zhuang Dalin, the king of Yongjia, from Qi.

There is also Li Zhuang, who takes secretion as a servant and a prime minister with a long history. Two years later, Bi and Lin regained their strength and arrived at the city gate. Lin's army was defeated and all the people fled. Only Bi Du sent Zhuangda north by canoe, which belonged to the empire, and made Liu Zhongwei join * * *, and then left with a farewell speech, confessing his sins in Yi Que, which was deeply meaningful.

Ask Ning Yuan to join the army, and ask him to join the army instead. In addition to riding a regular servant, he also served as a servant and led Yuzhou Dazheng. He was hired in Zhou, returned to China, and was awarded the position of riding a horse. He was also honest in the imperial history, exactly the same.

The emperor entered the auxiliary, taking secretion as the general, and Stuart left a long history. Everbright died in the first year at the age of 58.

On his deathbed, his son Manhua said, "I have never made any achievements in the imperial court. After I closed my eyes, I folded my hands and feet and made a rotary burial. There is nothing to reward. " His son said he wanted an inheritance, but the court did not allow him to give it as a pledge to Dr. Jin Guanglu.

Liu Zhongwei is from Yang Ni, Nanyang. Zuqiu and Qi Shi signed a contract with Dr. Guo Zi, not only.

After his father died, Jingzhou engaged in history. The central defender is not ambitious, and he is deeply involved in literature and history.

Liang Chengsheng is assistant minister of Zhongshu. Xiao Zhuang pretended to be in the empire, followed Zhuang into Qi, and finally became.

Zhongwei learns from his younger brother Guangde, who is also eager to learn. Father Heng, Liang Anxi, Xiangdong, Southern County Taishou.

Guangde Cheng Shengzhong, assistant minister of Huangmen, satrap of eastern Hunan, served in military service. After Jingzhou fell, he took refuge in Wang Lin.

Lin Ping, Emperor Wendi took Guangde as a better place, and began to join the army outside Wang Fu House, still leading his old soldiers. Qiu Hou Tang, Sima, the provincial capital of Hunan, the satrap of Leshan and Zhang Yu, the internal history of Xin 'an.

Everbright, holidays, riding team members often serve, generally Yun Qi, Hedong Prefecture. Tai Jian died in the county in the first year, at the age of 43, and was given to General Zuo Wei.

Lu Shancai, word, Wu Ren also. Zu Wengbao, Liang Shangshu, Minister of Water Affairs.

My father is Pan, and I ride an ordinary servant. There are only a few talented people in the mountains who are good at literature and history. Wei Zhang and his younger brother Wan all respect them very much.

He started as an ordinary servant in the kingdom, and later moved abroad to join the army. Looking for dad's illness, the East will recuperate.

During the reign of Shengyuan, Wang Sengbian awarded Shancai and Shanyi to Cao Tong. High-impedance over monk, mountain rush to Zhang Biao.

If you are defeated, it belongs to Gaozu. In Shaotai, Governor Zhou Wenyu left the south of Yuzhou. He doesn't know how to read books, but he takes mountain talents as a long history and entrusts politics.

Wen Yunan begged, and Ke Xiaobo captured Ouyang Li, intending to make more talents. While Yu Wen's expedition to the west, Wang Lin stayed in the mountains to supervise Jiangzhou affairs, and remained in Zhang Yu.

Yu Wen and Hou An were both defeated by Dunkou, and Yu Xiaoqiu came from Xinlin. The coach and Shan merged with the rest, depending on Zhou Di. , Li, etc. Captured, Shancai was taken to Beijing from Le 'anling East Road, Duyang Capital.

Except the assistant minister of Zhongshu. Later, Le 'anling visited all counties in Nanchuan.

In Jinkou, an important cultural and educational town in Zhang Yu, Shan Fu is General Wei Zhen, Zhennan Changshi and Zhang Yu Taishou. Killed by a bear, he was imprisoned by Khan and sent to Wang Lin.

Not yet, but Hou Andu defeated Lin, who had always loved Gongting Lake, and was defeated by Shan, except the general and Xin 'an Taishou. As for Wang Lin, he stayed in Fuyang to defend his host.

Joined a team member riding a regular waiter, moved to Xuanhui to start Wang Changshi and do things in East Yangzhou. Hou an seeks differences, and mountains attract people.

In addition to General Wei Ming and Dongyang Prefecture, other levels are different. Wang Changshi, who made his fortune in the east of the city, took Huiji County to work in East Yangzhou.

If you don't worship, you will be granted a regular servant and a minister. It is true that you are over 18 years old. Emperor Gaozong conquered the southern Zhou Dynasty and took Shancai as his strategist.

Dipin, get your job back. Yu Xiaoqing attacked Jin 'an from the sea, and Shan Cai pointed out the general plan with the approval of officials.

Back to the DPRK, the banquet was too bad with Cai Yan, and he was dismissed by the company. In order to make the scattered riders serve, the generals Yun Qi and Wuchang County were moved to Xiyang.

Tiankang died in the first year, aged 58. Say "Jane" to the right-back general.

Wang Zhi, Zi Zhen, is the younger brother of Dr. You Guanglu. Be less generous and dabble in book history.

Liang Shi sealed Hou Ting's family with the nephew of Emperor Wu, supplemented the Book of Changes, and shot Gao Di. At first, it was secretary lang, prince, and minister in the minister's office.

I am worried about my mother and mourn with filial piety. Take clothes for example, except for the prince washing the horse, the East Palace is straightened.

4. Seek short ancient prose, and rush to carve a boat for a sword. The Chu people have waded across the river, and the sword fell into the water from the ship.

He made a mark on the side of the ship with his sword and said, "This is where my sword fell." . The ship stopped at the destination, and the Chu people jumped into the water from the marked place to find the sword.

The boat can, but not the sword. You won't be confused if you ask for a sword! Pulling out seedlings encourages them, and the Song people sympathized with their seedlings and kowtowed, saying, "I am sick today! Help the seedlings. "

His son hurried to see it, Miao was dying. Hua Xin, Wang Lang, Hua Xin and Wang Lang all took refuge by boat, and one of them wanted to cling to it, but it was difficult to do so.

Lang said, "Fortunately, it is still wide. Why not? " After the thief chased him, the king wanted to give up his man. Xin said, "That's why I became suspicious. That's why I doubt it.

Now that I have accepted it, I'd rather abandon evil in a hurry. "It's just like before. The world used this to judge the merits and demerits of China and the king.

Huaxin and Wang Lang both escaped by boat. A person wants to take a boat.

Huaxin felt very embarrassed. Wang Lang said: "(The ship) is still loose, why don't you agree?" Later, the rebels caught up with him, and Wang Lang wanted to abandon the man he was carrying.

Huaxin said: "The reason why I hesitated before was precisely because of this situation. Now that he has been admitted, will he be abandoned because of an emergency? " So he saved this man just like he did at the beginning.

The world will judge the merits and demerits of Hua Xin and Wang Lang through this incident. It's difficult: Huaxin immediately felt difficult about it.

Do: immediately. Fortunately, it happened.

Jean: Still. Ken, yes.

Thief: This refers to the troublemaker. Give up, throw away

That's why I'm suspicious: I hesitated at first, because I considered this situation. therefore ...

Reason.

M: accept, accept. T: please, please.

Ning: No. Evil: equivalent to "horse", expressing doubt.

Salvation: Salvation. Personality analysis: Wang Lang appears to be generous, but in fact he sends out his feelings without involving his own interests.

Once it conflicts with its own interests, it reveals the true face of extreme selfishness and treachery. This is irresponsible. Hua Xin, on the other hand, keeps his promise and doesn't make it easily. Once he makes a promise, he must keep it and be considerate.

We should learn from Huaxin, keep promises and be moral. Is based on the fine tradition since ancient times. Virtue Rainbow Lang should be despised by people. )

1. Mangshan was a thief in Xuanhe Room. A thief in Mangshan was executed, so my mother made a plan with him (jué). The thief said to the mother cloud, "I would like to eat milk when I was a child and die without regret."

Mom suckled her, robbed her, bled everywhere, and mom died. The thief sued the criminal and said, "I am poor. I stole a plate for my salary." My mother was so happy that she didn't behave herself. She arrived today. "

So I hate killing it. "alas! Different, the husband language "teaching children to teach babies" is not empty! 2. Shi Kuang's "Discussion on Learning from the Duke of Jinping" asked Shi Kuang: "I am seventy years old. If I want to study, I am afraid I will die. "

Shi Kuang said, "Why not light a candle?" Gong Ping said, "An is a minister. Are you kidding me?" Shi Kuang said, "How dare a blind minister play with the monarch? I heard it: less and more eager to learn, like the sunrise sun; Strong and eager to learn, such as the light of Japan and China; Being old and eager to learn, like a candle, is right and wrong? " Gong Ping said, "Good!" 3. Self-help that is submerged forever, salty and good at traveling. One day, the water was very fierce, and five or six people who saved themselves took a boat to go to Hunan for water. Zhongji, if the ship is broken, it will do.

One is to do your best and not be different. His companion said, "You are the best swimmer. What are you going to do now? " Yue: "I have 1000 yuan, which is heavy. Let's talk about it later. "

He said, "Why not go there?" No, shake its head. Every coin has its two sides.

The man who saved himself stood on the shore and shouted, "You are so stupid and secretive, you are dead. How can you afford it? " He shook his head again and drowned. I mourn it.

And if so, do you have to drown the big goods to protect yourself? 4. Seven records are young and eager to learn, and all the books you read should be in your hand. When the paper money is recited once, it is burned and the paper money is used. If there are, there will be six or seven. Where the right hand holds the tube, the palm becomes a cocoon.

I cooked soup several times in winter, and later it was called "reading lent". 6. The wife who once attended Ceng Zi City, her son cried.

His mother said, "Give it back, turn your back and kill it for her." When his wife came back from the market, Ceng Zi wanted to catch a pig and kill it.

The wife no longer said, "I play with the baby!" " Ceng Zi said, "Babies have nothing to do with play. Babies must be knowledgeable, treat their parents and scholars, and listen to their parents.

Today's son deceives him, and his godson deceives him. A mother deceives her son and distrusts her mother instead of becoming an adult. "

7. When a blind man landed on the bridge, there was a dry stream. When the bridge fell, he climbed up with both hands and held on tight. If he misses, he will rolling in the deep. Passers-by told him: "Don't be afraid, put it down first, that is, on the ground."

The blind man didn't believe it and played the trombone. After a long time, he was exhausted and fell to the ground. He said to himself three times, "Hey! Fleas know that they are on the ground. Why is it so long? " Husband Avenue is desolate, empty and silent. Those who are strict with themselves take this place as a province! 8. Surgeons with doctors claim to be good at surgery.

Return to the array with one stroke, and the middle stream goes deep into the membrane, delaying treatment. So I took Bing scissors, cut the sagittal tube and knelt down to thank you.

The general said: "those who gather in the membrane must be treated urgently." The doctor said, "I'm to blame for the accident."

9. The tyrannical tiger Confucius crossed the side of Mount Tai, and a woman cried at the grave. The master listened and asked Luz to ask, saying, "My son's crying is like a person worrying."

And said, "But. In the past, my uncle died in a tiger, my husband died and my son died. "

The master asked, "Why not go?" Said, "There is no tyranny." Confucius said, "If a son knows this, he will be more tyrannical than a tiger."

10. Zi Hanfu received the jade or jade of the Song Dynasty, and gave it to the philosophers, and Zi Hanfu received it. The person who sent the jade said, "I want to show it to the jade people, who think it is precious, so they dare to send it."

Zi Han said, "What I value is not greed, but jade. If you give it to me, you will lose your treasure.

No, if people have their treasures. "。