Fundamentals of Directing for Film and Television - A Primer for Directors

? Movie is a window for people to read the world and a mysterious space for people to put their fantasies. When we indulge in the fantasy space woven by a certain director, it shows that he has successfully conveyed his view of the world to the audience, and his movie has been recognized by the audience. As a director, not only do you need to learn how to shoot a movie and have a keen intuition of the outside world, but you also need to have a sufficient reserve of knowledge, and the first thing is to understand the history of the development of the movie. In the book written by Wang Xinyue, "The Basics of Film and Television Directing", this point is made very clear.

? The invention of the movie is the result of a long period of theoretical research and experimental exploration by previous generations. Initially, the British Peter Makroger discovered the principle of "visual retention", that is, the human eye in watching the image of the movement, each image in the disappearance of the phenomenon of less than a second time still in the retina. The discovery of the principle of "visual retention" provided a scientific basis for the invention of movies, and pointed out the direction for the development of movies afterward. 1894, the famous American inventor Thomas Edison made the "movable movie viewer" according to the principle of "visual retention". In 1894, the famous American inventor Thomas Edison made the "movable movie mirror" according to the principle of "visual retention": it was a wooden box, which could only be used for one person to watch 50 inches of film at a time. 1895, the French brothers Louis Lumière created a kind of cinema machine that could project the image on a white curtain, with a clear image that could be watched by a large number of people. In the same year, the Lumière brothers directed the movies Factory Gate and Train in the Station, Factory Gate being the first movie in the world. December 28th of that year is considered to be the day of the invention of the movie, marking the beginning of the movie era. As the directors who ushered in the age of cinema, most of the Lumière Brothers' early films were real-life scenes, which established the -realist tradition for the development of the art of cinema. The tradition of realism focuses on the reproduction of real life, the use of documentary and documentary film techniques and skills, the pursuit of the authenticity of life, simplicity, simplicity, to give the audience a sense of realism close to the life of a long time. Unlike the realist approach to filming, Edison's early films mainly focused on song and dance performances, etc., and he built studios for filming such scenes and invited the directors to shoot in the studios. Later, this filming method became a representative of technocracy represented by Hollywood, and this filming method was also known as the technocratic tradition. The technocratic tradition emphasizes technical spiritual integrity, high cost, big production, gorgeous packaging, focusing on entertainment and spectacle, and letting the audience be intoxicated by the dream life. These two cinematic traditions continue to influence and shape the path and development of the art of cinema until now.

? The initial period of the film form simple, no sound, color, only black and white and image action combinations, known as the "silent film" the world's first film from the film sound film was screened in 1927, "The Jazz Singer", the United States of America Warner Brothers company to shoot the completion of the emergence of new things, there will always be people will produce As a novelty, there was always going to be resistance. Chaplin, a famous film artist at that time, also openly expressed his resistance to dialogue in the early days, and he refused to speak in his films. He refused to speak in his films. Later, he finally spoke in The Great Dictator and gave up his comical costume. As you can see, the emergence of sound in the movies was unstoppable. After the appearance of sound, people began to try to add color to the film, and in 1935 the three-color color system was invented, and the first real color film, Vanity Fair, was made, which made the road of film art a big step forward, and the era of color film thus began. The invention of film, from documenting real life to depicting real life, from a theory to produce a camera to record a slice of life, from black and white silent film development to color film, breaking people's perception of the inherent film, while promoting the progress of the world.