How to study philosophy? Beginners' introduction

Philosophy is the most taboo for abstract understanding. Remember some typical examples. Don't memorize, it's useless, you can't use it, you don't understand the real meaning, and it's useless to memorize more knowledge. Such as: a horse crossing the river, a white horse is not a horse, etc ... I remember the teacher once told such an example in class. Say: why is the shit so smelly? The reason is that it smells too good. Why is perfume so fragrant? Just because it stinks. If you don't believe me, you can try a perfume factory. It really stinks. Dilute the stool a million times, and the result is delicious. Hey ~ ~ ~ interesting. Combining viewpoints with examples, it is easy for philosophy of science to examine science from a philosophical perspective. It takes scientific activities and scientific theories as the research objects, and discusses the basic issues of scientific epistemology and scientific methodology, such as the nature of science, the acquisition and inspection of scientific knowledge, and the logical structure of science. What is philosophy? This is a problem, a simple and complicated problem. We say it is simple because it should be the most basic rule of philosophy. Anyone who studies philosophy should start with this question. If a person who studies or studies philosophy says that he doesn't know what philosophy is, it seems ridiculous, ridiculous and incredible. However, this is indeed a fact. We say it is complicated because it is still a problem today, and it is likely to be a problem forever. In other words, there is no final answer to the question "What is philosophy?". For beginners, the question "What is philosophy" is easy to solve. Just look it up in a philosophical dictionary or encyclopedia, although they may not really understand what it says. But those of us who claim to study philosophy, or those who think we know a little philosophy, can't do this, because it can't solve the questions in our hearts. It's unbelievable and makes us feel ashamed. Although philosophy has existed for thousands of years, the question of "what is philosophy" is still inconclusive. Because this question is too big and difficult, even a large number of books are written with this title, so we don't want to (in fact, it is impossible) solve the question of "what is philosophy" here, just want to take this question as a question and see what the answer will be. From the question itself, "what is philosophy" can be expressed in two ways: "what is philosophy" and "what is philosophy". On the surface, these two expressions say the same thing, both of which are about the basic provisions or definitions of philosophy. There seems to be no fundamental difference between "what" in the question and "what" in the question. Speaking of "what is philosophy" or "what is philosophy" in western languages is actually a sentence, such as "what is philosophy" in English and "was die philosophy" in German. Although when we translate them into Chinese, we can either translate them into "what is philosophy" or "what is philosophy", but we usually don't want to highlight the difference between them. In fact, these two expressions are different, and this difference is not only a matter of translation, but also a matter of expressing meaning. Don't think that we are playing with words, because different expressions can have different meanings. What is the difference between "what is philosophy" and "what is philosophy"? When we ask what a thing is, we usually ask its essence or nature logically, that is, the definition of what it is. However, the so-called "definition" can not only express the actual state that was or is now, but also express the ideal state that will or should be in the future. The former says "how", the latter says "how", one is "what" and the other is "what should be". Generally speaking, there is no such difference in the basic provisions of a discipline, or the above two aspects are unified, but philosophy is not general. Philosophers have never reached a general understanding of what philosophy is, which makes us know only the different provisions of philosophy in the past, but not the general provisions of philosophy, so there is a difference between what philosophy is and what philosophy is. In a sense, What is Philosophy asks what is the past and present philosophy as a historical fact, and what kind of philosophy can be called philosophy by us, that is, what is philosophy in a universal sense. When we ask philosophy in these two different ways, it seems a little disrespectful, because it means that there is a difference between "what philosophy was and is" and "what philosophy should be". Asking this question is likely to lead to the conclusion that no matter what philosophy was and is, it may not be what it should be. Some people may say that there should be no such doubts about a discipline that has existed for thousands of years, and philosophy can also have general provisions, such as "world outlook" and "methodology". This is true in theory, but it is not, because philosophy is a unique and unique knowledge. Not only that, for a subject, the length of its existence is not important, but the key depends on whether it has been finalized. The reason why we don't ask such questions to other sciences is that they are already stereotyped. No matter what changes have taken place in its content, method and even object scope, the definition of a science is usually unchanged. Philosophy is different. Because philosophy is different from any science, it is difficult for us to regard it as a science.