What are the Folkways and Customs of Jinan (Details)

# Jinan Thousand Buddha Mountain Temple Fair

Jinan custom, every year on the ninth day of the ninth month of the summer calendar, people will go to the Thousand Buddha Mountain to climb the mountain, standing on the "chrysanthemum rock" chrysanthemum viewing. Since the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the 9th day of the 9th lunar month has been set as the temple fair of Thousand Buddha Mountain. Thousand Buddha Mountain near the abundance of persimmons, especially the big box persimmons as the most famous, during the temple fair, when the big box persimmons ripe on the market, rush the temple fair, more buy persimmons and return, so the Thousand Buddha Mountain Temple Fair "persimmons will be" called. Every year during the temple fair, from the foot of the mountain to the waist of the Xingguo Zen Temple between more than one kilometer on both sides of the mountain road there are more than 1,000 fixed and mobile stalls, operating daily necessities, souvenirs, snacks, arts and crafts, etc., from the province and foreign folk art groups performing acrobatics, circus, song and dance on the temple fair, the flow of people like a tidal wave of bustling extraordinary.

# Jinan Pharmaceutical Market

Jinan Pharmaceutical Market has emerged in the early Qing Dynasty, is one of the country's three major pharmaceutical market, the scale than the Hebei Qizhou (now Anguo), Henan Yuzhou (now Yuxian) slightly smaller. In the old days, Jinan Baotu Baotu south door to the west of the Medicine King Temple, legend has it that April 28 of the summer calendar is the birthday of the King of Medicine, every year on this day, drug dealers, drug farmers and the people to the Temple of the King of Medicine rituals, the temple hosts to hire a troupe of actors, the viewers such as a blockade, the drug dealers, drug farmers to carry a variety of Chinese herbs and proprietary medicines to be sold, and other businessmen with a variety of commodities to be traded, the buyers and sellers of up to tens of thousands of people, and thus the formation of the Temple of the King of Medicine as the center of the Temple Fair, due to the The temple fair is mainly for buying and selling medicinal herbs, and later it is also known as the "Medicine Market Fair". Catch the increase in the number of people year by year, the site will be moved from Baotu South Gate to Shanshui Gully, Sanhe Street, Zhengjuesi Street, Shuanglong Street, Coupon Gate Lane, Altar Lane, the area. 1931 Jinan City, after the establishment of the National Pharmaceutical Association, the drug market will be changed from the summer calendar March 20 to start the session, the session period is generally 10 to 15 days. The main players in the Jinan Pharmaceutical Market were pharmaceutical farmers and merchants from Northeast, North and South China provinces and Shandong Province, while those from Incheon, South Korea, and other places also came to catch the event. After the "July 7" Incident, the drug market will decline year by year, until after the liberation of Jinan, the drug market will be gradually restored. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in more than a decade, the medicine market will flourish, the annual crowd up to hundreds of thousands of times. 1966, "Cultural Revolution" began, there are hundreds of years of history of the Jinan medicine market will be suspended. the end of the 70's, the Jinan Qianfoshan temple fair resumed, medicine merchants, medicine farmers more than rush to the temple fair of the Qianfoshan, the trade of Chinese herbal medicine has become a part of the temple fair of the Qianfoshan. The content of the temple fair is the same as that of the temple fair.

# River Lanterns on July 30th

In Jinan, every July 30th night, all Buddhist temples held the Bun Festival to celebrate the festival. Some people would burn a large number of threads of incense and stick them on the ground one by one along the roots of the walls and canals in the courtyard to show their devotion to the King of Earth; some would release river lanterns in the form of overcoming the ghosts that died in the river. It is said that the 30th day of the 7th month of the lunar calendar is the day on which Jizo King Bodhisattva became a Buddhist monk. When he attained enlightenment, he swore that he would liberate all sentient beings with sins and free them from the sea of suffering. Therefore, the 30th day of the 7th lunar month has become the day of overcoming the "dead souls".

River lanterns are made of wet noodles. After drying, pour soybean oil in the lamp bowl, and then use cotton to roll into a wick, lighted, placed in the river, let it float downstream. At this time, only to see the river full of lights, flickering, fluttering, the river is reflected in the red. It is said that the drowned "ghosts" in the river see the lights, can be superseded. The River Lantern is a superstitious activity of Buddhism.

When Jinan Daming Lake, the north shore of the North Pole temple priests, but also in the lunar calendar on the 30th day of the seventh month Jiaojiao superdeath. They read scriptures during the day, to entertain the temple to burn incense, "the Lord", and look for paper workers with colored paper glued into a large "law boat", placed in front of the temple in the lake, to attract visitors. At night, the Taoist priests dressed in green and flowery embroidered vestments, banging cymbals, playing the sheng flute, from dozens of high Arctic Temple parade out to the front of the law boat incineration "sparse head", at the same time, the colorful paper Zha's large law boat burned. At one time, the fire, illuminating the lake, so that the whole city of Jinan for the sensation. So that the temple, the lake, ten thousand heads, crowded. After the liberation, with the abolition of feudal superstitions, "River Lanterns" and other activities are no longer seen.

# Folklore of Jinan: Stomping on Lotus Roots in Minghu Lake

Jinan is rich in lotus roots, and the lotus roots in Minghu Lake are especially famous. In the pre-liberation Daming Lake, except for the area around the Lixia Pavilion and the boat route which was purely a waterway, the rest of the lake was full of waterways, forming a piece of paddy field. On the paddy field, "East a lotus, West a bushel, the earth dam stalled the water, bushes and reeds cover the lotus, endless, because the water is deeper, the mud layer is thick, so can only be planted lotus root, bushel, etc., to pick lotus root, can only go down to the water to step on the foot. Therefore, the Minghu stepping on the lotus root has become a traditional custom in Jinan.

When stepping on the lotus root, the person stepping on the lotus root wears a leather impermeable "jumpsuit". The leather jacket becomes soft after seeing water, and the wearer can use his hands and feet freely in the water. Only to see the head or the upper mouth of the leather jacket in the water sinking and floating, very rhythmic. This is the lotus root stompers use their feet to explore underwater to find the lotus root. After finding the lotus root branches, but also to find the right lotus root section, and then step on it, a branch of fresh lotus root will be broken from the root, and then pick the lotus root out of the water with the foot, grab a piece of black mud on the lotus root, coated in the break outside, so as not to pour into the water to go. Because of the air inside the lotus root, it is able to float on the surface of the water, otherwise it will sink into the water. Finally, the lotus root floating on the surface of the water will be collected, and then picked to the market to sell.

# Jinan's folk lanterns

Reflecting Jinan's folklore of large-scale colorful combination of lanterns, Jinan Baotu Spring Lantern Festival kicks off every year after the Spring Festival, providing a sumptuous and distinctive style of cultural feast for the public and domestic and foreign tourists. The Lantern Festival highlights the folklore of old Jinan, focusing on the old Jinan bazaar, Pear Blossom Drums, Tea Ceremony, Dragon Boat Race and other folk activities and agricultural customs of the July 7th, Beggar's Day, the Mid-Yuan Festival, the Flower Dynasty Festival, Dragon Head Lift Festival and other festivals.

#Bi Cylinder Drink

Lotus flowers occupy an important place in the lives of Jinanites. There are also some special customs in Jinan in terms of utilizing the lotus flower. One of the most interesting ones is the Bikan Drink.

According to the Tang Dynasty, Duan Chengshi in the "Youyang Miscellany Chopper" book records: in ancient times, the Daming Lake, when the lotus bloomed, some officials, literati, often go to the lake to avoid the summer heat, they cut down the large lotus leaves in the lake, filled with wine, and then with a hairpin to the center of the lotus leaf part of the prick open, so that it is connected with the hollow lotus stem. People sucked wine from the end of the lotus stem and drank it, and the taste, in the words of the literati who had experienced it at that time, was that "the taste of wine is mixed with the fragrance of lotus, and the fragrance is colder than water". This is by the Tang and Song Dynasty scribes as a beautiful story of "Bi tube drink".

In Jinan, the lotus leaf stands outside the wine, it can also be made into many unique flavors of food. Such as the tender green lotus leaves, slightly scalded with hot water, when cooking porridge covered in porridge, and then add sugar when the porridge cooled, color blue flavor, the name is: "lotus leaf porridge", is the Jinan Charing famous small food; according to do "rice flour meat" or "steamed meat" or "rice flour meat". "Steamed meat" practice, first cut the pork, fried rice, mixed with soy sauce, and then choose Daming Lake produced only a bowl of tender lotus leaves, wash, a lotus leaf wrapped up a piece of pork and the right amount of fried rice, spread in a bowl, and then on the steamer, steamed that is, "Lotus Meat ""。 Eat is even meat with lotus leaves to eat together, that is, the delicious pork, but also the fragrance of the lotus leaves, especially delicious. With the same method, can also be made into lotus leaf chicken, lotus leaf fish and other top quality dishes. In addition, the use of lotus leaves packaging food, is also a unique custom in Jinan. Before the food store to sell the steamed buns, pot stickers, cooked meat and pickles, many of which are packaged in lotus leaves, so that is not permeable to oil, permeable to water, but also some of the aroma and flavor is very popular.

In addition, in the past, Jinan people also eat lotus petals custom. The "fried lotus petals" is Jinan's unique summer dish. Fresh, intact, clean lotus petals after washing, hanging a thin layer of egg batter, and then put into the frying pan fried, fried and sprinkled with sugar, eat in the mouth, fragrant and tasty, aftertaste, very people love.

#QuShuiLiuGoblet

From the Han Dynasty, the first half of the third lunar month of the Si day, will be designated as "on the Si". On this day, people should go to the waterfront to wash, in order to eliminate ominous, called "repair". After the Wei Jin, and the day identified as the third day of March. On this day, after the repair, people will hold a picnic feast and "goblet" poetry and wine feast. People, sitting on the water streams around the curve, the wine into the goblet cup, placed on a tray, placed on the upper reaches of the stream on the water, so that it floats downstream. The goblet floats to a winding bend, often stopping; even if it does not stop at the previous turn, it will stop at the next turn. Who stops in front of the goblet, who will have to drink the wine, but also after drinking poetry chanting, poetry is not a fine, which is called "goblet" or "goblet water". Jin Dai-zong in the "Jing Chu chronicle", there are "March 3, the people and out of the river and pond, for the flow of water drinking cups" record. As far away as the Northern Wei Dynasty, Jinan's scholarly and in the present Qu Shui Ting Street, built near the Qu Shui Liu Cup Pond. Northern Wei Dynasty Li Daoyuan in the "Water Classic Note" book wrote: "the calendar ancestral temple under the spring competition, the north flow through the city east and north, the water for the flow of cups, state bureaucrats, public and private banquets more than its collection on the". The flow of cups both now Wang Fu pool, pool water north out, zigzag eastward, so far Qu Shui Ting Street. At that time, this place is a clear stream reflected belt, willow, bank flat grass soft, is the ideal place for goblet.

Now Qu Shui Ting Street, located in the north of Pearl Spring, Daming Lake, south of the Hundred Flowers Continent, Qu Shui Ting is still in the water is still the same, but the stream has no twists and turns can be said that the water pavilion has long been folded out. But if you follow the stream upstream, from the royal pool to the qifengqiao area, the stream back and forth, goblet traces, or vaguely can be found. Especially in this area has retained more "family springs, household hanging Yang" style of the spring city, to this tour, although no longer see the "goblet" but the beautiful scenery here, is enough to make people linger.

#"Eating Spring"

People in Jinan like to eat toon. Toon is a tree whose young leaves are fragrant and edible. During the Qing Dynasty, people called picking and eating the young leaves of toon in spring "eating spring", which was a way to welcome the new spring. The area around Zhonggong, a suburb of Jinan, is rich in toon. Every spring, when the toon sprouts and draws leaves, it is also the time for Jinan people to "eat spring". At this time, the farmers break off the young purple or light green toon buds and sell them in the market; people who like to "eat spring" scramble to buy them at home and savor the sweetness of spring. There are many ways to eat toon. Jinan's "toon sprouts mixed with tofu" is known far and wide. People will wash the toon buds or young leaves with salt, slightly pickled, kneaded, pickled about one night can be used. When using the pickled toon sprouts cut into pieces, and then steamed through the tofu and toon sprouts cut into small dices of the end of the plate, sprinkled with refined salt, drops of sesame oil can be eaten. Another practice is "fried toon" --- young toon washed, drained water, add salt and rubbed evenly, and then in the mix of the batter in the dip, into the hot oil fried yellow, take out and eat, and crispy and fragrant. Because the whole branch of the toon fried into the shape of fish, so Jinan folk also called "fried toon fish".

#Jinan's Lahai New Year's paintings Resignation of the stove

Drinking Lahai congee and brewing Lahai vinegar heralds the New Year's message. Laha congee originated in Buddhism, and according to legend, Siddhartha Gautama became a Buddhist monk on Laha after he was given milk porridge by a shepherd's daughter. Later, monks cooked congee for Buddha to commemorate the event. Laha congee is made with millet, river rice, red beans, yellow rice and so on. The beauty of the congee is in the congee fruits, such as jujubes, chestnuts, walnuts, peanuts and cinnamon. Midnight rice cooking beans, shelling pick kernels, boiled in the morning, the family gathered to eat, gift near neighbors. This day also bubble "Laha vinegar": will be white fat garlic cloves dipped in vinegar stored in a small altar, sealed, in order to prepare for the New Year dipping dumplings with. For more than twenty days, from Laha to New Year's Eve, the garlic flavor melts into the vinegar, giving it a moderately spicy and sour taste. The garlic flavor melts into the vinegar and makes the sour and spicy flavors moderate.

In the old days, after Lahai in Jinan, small and large firecracker stalls were put on the street one after another. After the fifteenth day of the lunar month, the "flavor of the year" is gradually thick, the long streets and alleys came "please Zao Wang to -", "the imperial calendar ah! --The new calendar--" the shouting and selling sound, cut through the lonely winter sky. The street selling New Year's goods is increasing day by day, and the New Year's paintings stand is particularly eye-catching. A green and flowery New Year's paintings, in the faint smoke and mist floating with the smell of firecrackers, hanging horizontally and horizontally on the side of the road. New Year's paintings to Weifang Yangjiabu's main, there are also occasional Shanghai color printing New Year's paintings. Its content is roughly divided into four categories: auspicious celebrations, customs, stories, drama, each type of twenty or thirty kinds. One of the "rats marrying" is quite interesting: more than a dozen rats are wearing big red shoulders, put up round ears, pouting pointy mouth upright and walking. There are the flag, lanterns, sedan chair, gongs, suona-playing ...... dragons and phoenixes in the sedan chair is also seated in the head of the tasseled head of the bride of the mouse, the ceremonies from the public opinion is known as the human world. I remember a predecessor had a play poem said: "Mouse this day also do pro, lanterns and torches haunted the door. The bride was dressed in red as usual, and her whiskers were ten roots."

When the Baotu outside the road south of the persuasive field, there is a black-faced man with gold teeth, his stall of the largest New Year's paintings. His voice is high, selling paintings also supplemented with interesting words, such as holding a "family picture" yelling: "Look at it! Look at Boo! Children and grandchildren, the whole family, under the bun (dumplings), fire crackers, the old man stroked his beard and drank a cup of wine 'to get' a piece of meat, enough to be a big blessing!" The people were amused.

Around the twentieth day of the Lunar New Year, the sale of stove sugar on the market, stove sugar is the twenty-third day of the Lunar New Year, "worship Zao Wang" (Jinan people called "resignation stove") offerings. Over the centuries, there are different legends of the king of the stove, Jinan area is such a rumor: the king of the stove surnamed Zhang, after he became rich, gave up the troubled wife Dingxiang, married a beautiful girl called Begonia, I did not expect that later the family wealth is gone, reduced to begging. One day begging to his ex-wife's door, clove out of alms, he was ashamed, head into the stove ash suffocation. Just because he and the Jade Emperor with the same surname, so he was named King Zao. The "Zao Wang Tu" is a woodcut and watercolor overprint. Interestingly, on some of the Zaowang pictures, there is also a hairpin, cape and cape of a big Afu-like "Modern Lady" - respectfully called "Zaowang grandmother" next to the Zaowang. She is a remarried lilac, or begonias, no one can say. Jinan people do not plant lilacs and begonias in the same courtyard, lest the two wives to pick acid and vinegar on the basis of this legend.

We are on "this deity" is not too reverent, just worried about "to the mouth is not conducive to the gentleman", so the stove sugar stick to his mouth, so that he is not in front of the Jade Emperor, "outside the family scandal! "The Jade Emperor's Zao sugar is a kind of malt sugar, large such as the combined persimmon, small such as orange, wrapped in sesame seeds, inside is hollow. Sellers have a fork-shaped bracket, placed on a wooden plate, laying a layer of pink colored paper. Stove sugar from big to small layer by layer, like a pyramid. In addition to the sacrificial stove for the stove sugar, another bean a plate, a bowl of water, that is fed "Zao Wang horse" in order to let the king of the stove to ride on the wind and clouds to go to the "heavenly good, back to the palace of descending good luck". At dusk, burn incense to uncover the old map, paste the new map, the old map in the fire paper in the kitchen outside the burn. The sound of firecrackers, but also have to be like the "Three Character Classic" like chanting: "twenty-three, Zao sugar sticky, eat Zao sugar, do not say ......" The best thing is that, in the early years of an old man in the neighborhood, sacrifices are not assured, but will be a stall of melted Zao sugar while hot and hard paste Zao Wang's mouth, and only then Respectfully send him to heaven. On this day, the "New Year", "drink a cup of wine, 'get' a piece of meat" is due to the "blessing".