Physical and human geography, river hydrology, vegetation, and climate of eight countries: Japan, Brazil, the United States, India, Russia, Germany, Egypt, and Australia.

Japan spans a latitude of 25°, and there are significant differences in temperature between the north and the south. The highland areas of Hokkaido and Honshu are subfreezing, the mainland is temperate, and the southern islands such as Okinawa are subtropical. In addition, Japan's location is subject to the influence of the monsoon winds and the convergence of ocean currents, resulting in four distinct seasons and abundant precipitation.　Japan can be divided into six climatic zones, which are as follows: Climate of Hokkaido Hokkaido is not affected by the rainy season and receives less rainfall than other parts of Japan. Summers are short and cool; winters are long and cold.　Sea of Japan Climate The western coast of Honshu Island. In winter, the climate is controlled by the Siberian High, and the winds blow from the northwest. The warm Tsushima Current, which passes through the Sea of Japan in winter, brings a lot of water vapor, and heavy snowfalls are common. In the summer, there is little precipitation, and sometimes unusually high temperatures occur due to incendiary winds.　Climate of the Central Highlands Typical inland climate. Winters are cold and summers are cool. There are large temperature differences between winter and summer and between day and night. Low rainfall The Pacific side climate includes the east coast of Honshu, Minami-Shikoku and most of Kyushu. In summer, the climate is influenced by the southeastern monsoon, and there are many strong typhoons. In winter, there is little snowfall.　Seto Inland Sea Climate The climate of the Seto Inland Sea includes the Sanyo area, Kita-Shikoku, Kinki and parts of Kyushu. The weather here is often sunny, but rainfall is low, and the area suffers from droughts from time to time.　The climate of the southern western islands covers the Ryukyu Islands. The climate is subtropical, with hot summers and warm winters. Rainfall is high. The islands are often hit by typhoons in summer.　Japan has the highest rainfall in the world. The main reasons for this include snowfall in winter in the Sea of Japan side area; continuous rainfall in June and July (May and June in Okinawa and Amami); and typhoons that land on or near Japan from summer to fall. The highest recorded temperature in Japan is 40.9 degrees Celsius, measured on August 16, 2007 in Kumagaya City, Saitama Prefecture, and Tajimi City, Gifu Prefecture; the lowest recorded temperature is -41 degrees Celsius, measured on January 25, 1902 in Asahikawa City, Hokkaido. Topography and terrain

Japan is mountainous, with mountains spread out in the center of the country in the form of ridges, dividing the country into the Pacific Ocean side and the Sea of Japan side, with mountains and hills accounting for 71% of the total area, and the country's forests covering as much as 67%. Mt. Fuji is the highest peak in Japan at 3,776 meters above sea level. Mount Fuji is honored by the Japanese people as: the sacred Yue The plains of Japan are mainly distributed in the lower reaches of the river near the sea, mostly alluvial plains, small scale, the larger plains about the East Plain, Ishikari Plain, Echigo Plain, Nuno Plain, Tokamachi Plain and so on. Japan's plains are small in size, with limited arable land and a high population density of 3,054 people per square kilometer, the second highest in the world after Egypt (3,503 people per square kilometer).　Japan is located on the Pacific Volcanic Seismic Belt, a place where the Pacific Plate and the Asian-European Plate squeeze and collide, and there is frequent volcanic activity, which causes a lot of trouble for local people's lives. There are more than 200 volcanoes in the country, of which more than 50 are active, making it a world-famous earthquake zone. The areas where the volcanoes are located have beautiful scenery and abundant hot springs, making them famous as a place for sightseeing and healing.

Rivers, plains, lakes

Japan's rivers are short and rich in water resources, the longest Shinano River is about 367 kilometers long; the largest lake is Lake Biwa, an area of 672.8 square kilometers.　Most of Japan's rivers originate in the central mountains, to the east and west into the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan. Due to the narrowness of Japan from east to west and the steepness of the mountains, the rivers are mostly short and rapid. During the rainy season and typhoon season, the volume of water increases and floods are easily formed. For this reason, Japan has built a large number of dikes and reservoirs for flood control. River water is widely used for domestic use, agricultural and industrial use, and hydroelectric power generation.

Coastline and Ocean

Japan's coastline is 33,889 kilometers long. Since Japan is an island nation, its coastline is very complex. On the western side of the Sea of Japan, there are many cliffs and few harbors, while on the eastern side of the Pacific Ocean, there are many inlets to the sea, creating many natural harbors.　The eastern Pacific side is surrounded by the Japan Warm Current (Kuroshio) from south to north, the Chishima Cold Current (Kichijo) in the northeast, and the Tsushima Warm Current and Riman Cold Current on the western Japan Sea side. Where the cold and warm currents meet, there is an abundance of fish, making it a natural fishing ground. Since it is located in the middle of the ocean, it has a temperate oceanic monsoon climate, which is mild and humid all year round, with no severe cold in winter and no scorching heat in summer. There are a lot of typhoons in summer and fall, and a lot of rain in June. the average temperature in January is -6℃ in the north and 16℃ in the south; in July, it is 17℃ in the north and 28℃ in the south. The annual precipitation is 700-3500 millimeters, with a maximum of more than 4000 millimeters. In recent years, the El Ni?o phenomenon, which causes the sea to warm up, has also had an impact on Japan, mainly in the form of prolonged duration of the plum rains, which tends to create cold summers and warm winters.

Landscape and Geology

Japan is located at the demise boundary between the Asia-Europe Plate and the Pacific Plate, and is part of the Western Pacific Island Arc-Coastal Range-Trench combination. 68% of the country's territory is mountainous. The highest mountain in Japan is the famous Mt. Fuji at 3,776 meters. Since there are fewer plains, crops are grown on many of Japan's mountains, with the largest plain being the Kanto Plain. Japan is located in the Pacific Rim Volcanic Seismic Belt. One tenth of the world's volcanoes are located in Japan, and volcanic activity occurs throughout the country. Serious earthquakes occur several times a century; the Great Hanshin Earthquake and the Nakagoshi Earthquake in Niigata Prefecture were both powerful earthquakes of magnitude 6 or higher on the Richter scale in recent years, and have attracted attention from all over the world. There are many hot springs in Japan, and they have developed into tourist attractions.　Since the islands of Japan extend in a long north-easterly direction, spanning about 20 degrees of latitude from north to south, there are many types of climate. Most of the climate types are temperate monsoon climates, with subtropical monsoon climates on the southern islands of Kyushu, Shikoku, and the Ryukyu Islands. While the northern islands have warm summers, winters are very long and cold, with occasional heavy snowfall. The central and western regions, on the other hand, have drier winters with little snow and wet summers.

Latitude and longitude coordinates: latitude 15°45' S, longitude 47°57' W, time zone UTC/GMT -3 hours (three western zones), and the time difference between Beijing and Beijing time is 11 hours later than China's Beijing time. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.　The terrain of Brazil is divided into two main parts, one is the Brazilian Plateau with an elevation of more than 500 meters, which is located in the southern part of the country, and the other part is the plain with an elevation of less than 200 meters, which is mainly located in the northern part of the Amazon Basin and the western part of the country. The terrain is divided into the Amazon Plain, the Paraguay Basin, the Brazilian Plateau and the Guyana Plateau, of which the Amazon Plain accounts for about 1/3 of the country's area. there are three major river systems, the Amazon, the Paraná and the S?o Francisco. The Amazon River is 6,751 kilometers long and runs through northwestern Brazil, with a basin area of 3.9 million square kilometers; the Parana River system, including the Paraná River and the Paraguay River, flows through the southwestern part of the country, with many rapids and waterfalls, and is rich in hydroelectric resources; and the S?o Francisco River system, 2,900 kilometers long, flows through the arid northeastern part of the country, and is a major source of irrigation water for the region. The coastline is more than 7,400 kilometers long, with a territorial sea width of 12 nautical miles and an exclusive economic zone of 188 nautical miles outside the territorial sea.　Among them, the Amazon Plain is the largest plain in the world, the Amazon River is the largest river in the world in terms of water volume, and the Brazilian Plateau is the largest plateau in the world in terms of area. S?o Paulo is the largest city in the Southern Hemisphere.　Most of the area has a tropical climate, with parts of the south having a subtropical climate. The average annual temperature in the Amazon Plain is 25 to 28 degrees, and 16 to 19 degrees in the southern region.　Natural resources: Iron ore reserves of 65 billion tons, production and exports ranked second in the world. The grade of the ore is extremely high, mostly above 60%. Uranium ore, bauxite and manganese ore reserves rank third in the world. The forest coverage rate is 52.2%, and it is famous as the country of mahogany. Hydraulic resources are extremely rich, ranking among the top in the world. The coastline is 7,400 kilometers. Fishery resources are abundant. Coffee production ranks first in the world. It accounts for about 60% of the world's total production. Banana production ranks first in the world. Sugar cane and citrus production tops the world. The export production of orange juice accounts for 85% of the international market. Cassava production tops the world. Cocoa and soybean production ranks second in the world. Corn production ranks third in the world. Tourism resources are exceptionally rich.

Yellowstone National Park Grand Prismatic Spring: the world's first national park

The United States mainland is located in the middle of North America, located in the Western Hemisphere, the territory also includes the northwestern part of North America, such as Alaska and the Hawaiian Islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. It borders Canada to the north, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The coastline is 22,680 kilometers. Most of the area has a temperate continental climate, with a subtropical climate in the south and a temperate oceanic and Mediterranean climate spread along the western coast. The north-central plains (Central Great Plains) have a large temperature difference, with average temperatures of -3°C in January and 24°C in July in Chicago; the Gulf Coast has average temperatures of 11°C in January and 28°C in July. [1] The lowest point in the country is Death Valley (-86 m), and the highest point is Mount Mckinley (6,198 m).

Climate

The United States has nearly all of the world's climates (cold, warm, and hot zones, with the mainland in the temperate zone), with few severe droughts in the major agricultural regions, infrequent flooding, and mild temperatures that allow for adequate rainfall.　The main influence on the climate of the United States is the Arctic jet stream, which brings large-scale depressions from the Pacific Ocean each year. These depressions carry a great deal of moisture with them as they pass over the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the Rocky Mountains, and the Cascade Range, and can reorganize when they reach the central Great Plains, causing the major air masses to meet and bring intense thunderstorms, especially in the spring and summer months. At times these storms can converge with other depressions and continue on to the East Coast and Atlantic Ocean, where they can evolve into more intense northeastern storms (Nor'easters) that create widespread and heavy snowfall in the Mid-Atlantic region of the northeastern U.S. and New England. The vast and immense grasslands of the Great Plains also create many of the world's most extreme climate shifts.

Water systems

View of Lake Michigan from the John Hancock Center in Chicago

In general terms, they can be divided into three major water systems: any river that drains into the Atlantic Ocean located east of the Rocky Mountains is known as an Atlantic system, the main ones being the Mississippi River, the Connecticut River, and the Hudson River. The Mississippi River is 6020 kilometers long, ranking fourth in the world. Where the river into the Pacific Ocean is called the Pacific water system. There are mainly the Colorado River, the Columbia River, the Yukon River and so on. The Great Lakes in east-central North America - the Great Lakes. Including Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, is a glacial lake, with a total area of 245,000 square kilometers, the world's largest freshwater waters, known as the "North American Mediterranean Sea," the name, of which Lake Michigan belongs to the United States, and the remaining 4 lakes for the U.S. and Canada **** have. Lake Superior for the world's largest freshwater lake, the area of the world's lakes, second only to the Caspian Sea and the world's second. The waters of the Great Lakes merge into the St. Lawrence River, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean.

India **** and the country is the largest country in South Asia, with a territory of more than 2.97 million square kilometers. From the Himalayas to the south, stretching into the Indian Ocean, the northern part of the mountainous region, the central part of the Indus - Ganges Plain, the southern part of the Deccan Plateau and its east and west sides of the coastal plain. The plains account for about two-fifths of the total area, the mountains for only one-fourth, and the plateau for one-third, but most of these mountains and plateaus are not more than 1,000 meters above sea level. Low and gentle terrain in the country occupies an absolute advantage, not only convenient transportation, but also in the tropical monsoon climate and suitable for agricultural production of alluvial soil and tropical black soil and other fertile soil conditions, most of the land can be used for agricultural use, crops can be grown throughout the year, has a unique natural conditions.

Russia is located in the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia, and most of its European territory is the East European Plain. Adjacent to the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Pacific Ocean in the east, the Atlantic Ocean in the west, and the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea in the northwest. The world's largest country in terms of territory: 17,075,200 square kilometers (accounting for 76% of the territory of the Soviet Union (22 million square kilometers)), ranking first in the world, the longest east-west 9,000 kilometers, the widest north-south 4,000 kilometers. Land neighbors include Norway and Finland to the northwest, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Belarus to the west, Ukraine to the southwest, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan to the south, and China, Mongolia and North Korea to the southeast. To the east, it is separated from Japan and the United States by the sea. The coastline is 37,653 kilometers long.

Topography

Topography dominated by plains and plateaus: ①Major mountain ranges: the Ural Mountains, the Greater Caucasus Mountains.　②Two major plains: the Eastern European Plain and the Western Siberian Plain.　③ Plateau: Central Siberian Plateau, Eastern Siberian Mountains.

Climate

Most of the region is in the north temperate zone, with a variety of climates, dominated by temperate continental climate, but north of the Arctic Circle belongs to the frigid climate. Temperature differences are generally large, with average temperatures ranging from 1°C to -35°C in January and 11°C to 27°C in July. Annual precipitation averages 150 to 1,000 millimeters. The high latitude of the Siberian region results in a cold climate with long winters, but the long hours of sunshine, temperatures and humidity in summer are favorable for the growth of coniferous forests.　Nearly four-fifths of the population (including the Urals), most of the cities and the capital, Moscow, are in the European part. The western part of the country is almost entirely in the plains of Eastern Europe, and to the east are the Ural Mountains, the West Siberian Plain, the Central Siberian Plateau, the North Siberian Plain and the East Siberian Mountains, and the mountains along the Pacific coast. In the southwest towers the Dag Caucasus Mountains, with the highest peak, Mount Elbrus, at 5,642 meters above sea level. The continental climate gradually strengthens from west to east, with long and severe winters; the Arctic Ocean coast has a tundra climate (frigid climate), and the Pacific coast has a temperate monsoon climate. From north to south there are polar deserts, tundra, forest tundra, forests, forest steppe, steppe zone and semi-desert zone. Large rivers include the Volga, Ob, Yenisei and Lena.

Rivers and Lakes

①The Volga, Europe's longest river, is 3,685 kilometers long. (Russia's mother river, navigable by the five seas) ② Obi River, Yenisei River (the most turbulent current), Lena River (the longest in the country) in the Siberian region.　③ Lake Baikal (the deepest and largest freshwater lake in the world) and the Caspian Sea.

NATURAL RESOURCES

80% of Russia's total resource reserves are located in the Asian part of the country.　①Forest and water resources.　② Mineral resources: coal (Kuzbass), oil (Tyumen field, Second Baku field), natural gas, iron (Kursk), manganese, copper, lead and zinc. Proven oil reserves of 8.2 billion tons (2009 data) account for 4-5% of the world's proven reserves, ranking eighth in the world. Forests cover 867 million hectares, accounting for 50.7% of the national territory, ranking first in the world. Forest timber reserves are 80.7 billion cubic meters. The proven reserves of natural gas are 48 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 1/3 of the world's proven reserves, ranking first in the world. Hydraulic resources are 4,270 cubic kilometers per year, the second largest in the world, and in 2000 nuclear power generated 131 billion kilowatts per hour. Nuclear power accounts for 10% of Russia's electricity. Coal reserves are 200 billion tons, the second largest in the world. Aluminum reserves rank second in the world, iron reserves rank first in the world, uranium reserves rank seventh in the world, and gold reserves rank fourth to fifth in the world.

Germany is located in the middle of Europe, east of Poland, the Czech Republic, south of Austria, Switzerland, the western border of the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, France, north of Denmark, near the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, is the most neighboring countries in Europe. The area is 357,000 square kilometers. The terrain is low in the north and high in the south, and can be divided into four topographic regions: the North German Plain, with an average elevation of less than 100 meters above sea level; the Central German mountains, consisting of east-west trending highlands; the southwestern Rhine Fracture Valley region, which is flanked by mountainous terrain with steep valley walls; and the Bavarian Plateau and the Alpine region to the south, during which the Zug Peak, the main peak of the Byrne Alps, rises to an elevation of 2,963 meters above sea level, and is the country's highest peak. The main rivers are the Rhine (flowing through the territory of 865 kilometers), the Elbe, the Weser, the Oder and the Danube. Larger lakes include Lake Constance, Lake Keim, Lake Ammer, and Lake Rizhi. The climate in the northwestern part of the country is characterized by an oceanic climate, with a gradual transition to a continental climate in the eastern and southern parts of the country. The average temperature ranges from 14 to 19℃ in July and from -5 to 1℃ in January. Annual precipitation is 500 to 1,000 millimeters, and more in the mountains.Since January 1, 1995, under the 1982 International Agreement on the Law of the Sea, Germany's territorial waters in the North Sea and the East China Sea have been increased from 3 to 12 nautical miles (about 22 kilometers), with the area of each increasing by 4,100 and 1,700 square kilometers.

Egypt straddles the continents of Asia and Africa, with most of it located in northeastern Africa. The Sinai Peninsula east of the Suez Canal is located in the southwest corner of Asia. West of Libya, south of Sudan, east of Egypt Map

Bordering the Red Sea and bordering Palestine, north of the Mediterranean Sea, southeast of Jordan, Saudi Arabia, the coastline is more than 2,700 kilometers long. The whole territory 96% for the desert. The highest peak is Mount Catherine, 2,642 meters above sea level. The Nile is Egypt's mother river, running north-south, into the Mediterranean Sea, the territory is 1530 kilometers long, the two sides of the formation of about 3 to 16 kilometers wide narrow valley; into the sea to form a 24,000 square kilometers of the delta, 99% of the population in the valley and the delta for only 4% of the land area. The Suez Canal is a major transportation route connecting Europe, Asia and Africa. Major lakes include the Great Bitter Lake, Lake Timsah, and the Nasser Reservoir (5,000 square kilometers), the largest man-made lake in Africa, formed by the Aswan High Dam. The whole territory is dry with little rain, and the Nile Delta and the northern coastal areas have a subtropical Mediterranean climate, with an average temperature of 12°C in January and 26°C in July; the average annual precipitation is 50 to 200 millimeters. The rest of the majority of the region is a tropical desert climate, hot and dry, temperatures up to 40 ℃. The average annual precipitation is less than 50 millimeters. Every year between April and May there are often "Pentecostal winds", sand and gravel, damage to crops. Most of the territory belongs to the low plateau with an altitude of 100-700 meters. The Red Sea coast and the Sinai Peninsula have hills and mountains, the highest peak of Mount Catherine 2,642 meters above sea level. The climate is dry and hot, except for the Mediterranean coast, where the annual rainfall can reach more than 100 millimeters, and most of the area has little rainfall throughout the year. Deserts and semi-deserts are widespread. Libyan desert in the west, accounting for two-thirds of the country's area, most of the quicksand, between the Harijah, Siwa and other oases; the eastern Arabian Desert, more gravel deserts and bare rock dunes. The Nile River runs north and south, with valleys and deltas on both sides covering an area of more than 40,000 square kilometers, constituting a fertile oasis zone. Mineral deposits include oil, natural gas, apatite, iron, manganese and so on. Egypt spans Asia and Africa, with most of its territory in Africa and only a small part of the Sinai Peninsula in Asia. Administratively, it is divided into eight economic zones, each including one or several governorates, the country *** there are 26 governorates. Egypt is located in Europe, Asia and Africa in the transportation hub, the north through the Mediterranean Sea and Europe, the east through the Arish straight through Palestine. Suez Canal communicates the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean, the strategic location and economic significance are very important. Ancient Egypt

Egypt's territory is slightly irregular quadrilateral. East and west 1240 kilometers wide, north and south 1024 kilometers long, the terrain is gentle, not very big mountains, the desert area accounts for 96% of the total area of the country.　The Nile River is the lifeline of Egypt, is the "mother of Egypt". It flows from south to north into the Mediterranean Sea, and is the first longest river in Africa and the longest river in the world, with a total length of more than 6,670 kilometers. It consists of the White Nile, which originates from Lake Victoria in Uganda, and the Blue Nile, which originates from the Ethiopian plateau, and flows into Egypt after its confluence in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan. From south to north across the eastern part of Egypt, in Egyptian territory, a section of 1530 kilometers long, is indeed an important water resources with oars, the benefits of irrigation. Egypt, one of the world's four major ancient civilizations, is in the Nile River, the development of its glorious ancient culture.　According to the differences in natural conditions, Egypt is generally divided into four regions - the Nile River Basin and the Nile Delta region, the western desert region, the eastern desert region, and the Sinai Peninsula region. South of Cairo is the green corridor of the Nile River, which is about 3 to 16 kilometers wide and is generally called Upper Egypt. North of Cairo is known as Lower Egypt. Between Alexandria and Port Said is the alluvial plain of the Nile delta, which covers an area of about 20,000~40,000 square kilometers. In the past, the Nile River regularly flooded every year, bringing fertile alluvial deposits to the delta. It is the birthplace of Egypt's ancient culture and the most important area of economic activity in the country, where the vast majority of Egypt's population is concentrated, and one of the most densely populated areas in the world.　The Western Desert west of the Nile is also known as the Libyan Desert. It is the world's largest desert - part of the Sahara Desert, accounting for about 2/3 of the area of Egypt. its southern elevation of 350 ~ 500 meters, the Great Ghilaf Plateau elevation of about 1,000 meters above sea level, the central and northern part of the many depressions, to the Ghitalla depressions of the largest area. Depressions with groundwater form oases.　The eastern desert east of the Nile River is also known as the Arabian Desert. It is directly on the shores of the Red Sea, the terrain is tilted from east to west, and the Red Sea coast is mountainous, with an elevation of about 1500 meters.

Australia is located in the southern hemisphere, the area of the world's sixth, after Russia, Canada, China, the United States and Brazil, equivalent to about four-fifths of China. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Indian Ocean to the west, and consists of the Australian mainland and islands such as Tasmania. Australia is bordered by the sea on all sides, with New Zealand as its neighbor in the southeast across the Tasman Sea, and East Timor, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea in the north across the Timor Sea and Torres Strait. It covers an area of 7.692 million square kilometers. It accounts for the vast majority of Oceania. The coastline is 36,735 kilometers long. Although surrounded by water, deserts and semi-deserts account for 70% of the country's area. On the eastern coast there is the world's largest coral reefs - the Great Barrier Reef. The coastline is 37,521 kilometers long. It is the only country in the world that has a continent all to itself.　Australia's terrain is very distinctive. Western and central rugged rocky terrain, vast deserts and lush flat-topped mountains, the eastern part of the rolling plateau, the country's highest peak Mount Kosciuszko elevation of 2,230 meters above sea level, in the sea is a narrow beach slopes gently sloping to the west, and gradually into the plains. The coast is full of wide Great Barrier Reef Australia

Sandy beaches and lush grasses, where the terrain is varied: west of the city of Sydney there are the cliffs of the Blue Mountains range, north of Brisbane there are the Grasshouse Mountains high, beautiful and eroded volcanic neck, and west of the city of Adelaide, the south coast is a flat wilderness.　The Murray and Darling Rivers are the two longest rivers in Australia. These two river systems form the Murray-Darling Basin, which covers an area of approximately more than one million square kilometers, equivalent to 14 percent of the total continental area. The longest river, the Melbourne, is 3,490 miles long. Lake Eyre, an extremely large salt lake near the center of the continent, covers an area of more than 9,000 square kilometers, but has long been dry.　Most of Australia, about 70%, is arid or semi-arid, and much of the central part is uninhabitable. There are 11 large deserts in Australia, and they cover about 20% of the entire continent. More than one-third of the continent is actually covered by deserts due to very little rainfall. Australia is the world's flattest and driest continent, with the Central Depression and the Western Highlands being dry deserts, and Lake Eyre in the center being Australia's lowest point, with its surface 15 meters below sea level. There are only 260,000 square kilometers of land that can be used for livestock and farming. The coastal strip, especially in the southeast, is suitable for habitation and farming. It is hilly, rich in water and fertile. In addition to the south coast, the entire coastal strip forms a "green belt" around the continent, and it is this "green belt" to raise the country.