How to cultivate new chrysanthemum varieties?

(1) Parent selection: According to the breeding objectives, parents with excellent traits are selected for hybridization. In order to make the mother plant for reproduction blossom as soon as possible, it is best to breed with sufficient buds and cultivate by cultivating single chrysanthemum.

(2) Hybridization method: Chrysanthemum is a self-sterile plant, which should be bagged before hybridization, but the male flowers cannot be removed. The tubular flower in the center of chrysanthemum is a complete flower and can be used for hybridization. Female flowers gradually mature from outside to inside. When the female flower is half open, cut off the long petals and leave about 1 cm as appropriate to promote the pistil maturity. On sunny days, at 9 ~ 1 1 in the morning, the stigma cracks in a "y" shape and secretes mucus, which is the best time for pollination. In order to avoid special circumstances, before pollination, clear water is poured with a small hole sprayer to wash away the pollen of the female parent, and then pollination is carried out. Pollination method: put a small sponge on the pointed tweezers, dip in the male pollen, and gently smear it on the pistil stigma.

Compared with brush pollination, this method has the advantages of more dipping powder, wider coverage and more reliable pollination. Because the pistil matures at different stages, pollination needs to be repeated every other day. Generally, continuous pollination is needed for 3 times. Immediately after pollination, put on a transparent paper bag and put up a small sign to avoid confusion. A week after pollination, the paper bag can be taken out.

(3) Careful maintenance: After artificial pollination, the mother plant should be maintained in a sunny, well-ventilated and rainproof place, and watering should be properly controlled at this time. In order to promote more seeds and early maturity, all the remaining petals can be cut off after pollination 15 ~ 20 days, when the flower head enters maturity, and the old leaves can be removed, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be applied, so that the fruiting part can be fully exposed to sunlight, which is beneficial to seed maturity, reducing nutrient consumption and improving the nutritional conditions of the flower head. It takes 60 ~ 90 days for chrysanthemum to mature from fertilization, and the receptacle can be harvested after drying. After harvesting, hang it in a ventilated and dry place to make the finished seeds mature. When ripe, thresh, select and put in paper bags for sowing in the next year.