What is the content of Mexico's innovation movement?

The decisive battle between the two camps of innovation and conservatism

-1954 Mexico's innovation movement 182 1 get rid of Spanish colonial rule and gain national independence. However, Mexico did not achieve the expected progress and development after its independence. The social and economic structure of the colonial period remained almost unchanged. Bureaucrats, churches and warlords collude to rule the country. The feudal real estate system is still the main form of rural land possession. Under this system, the vast number of farmers lack or have no land, and the vicious development of debt bondage and tenancy makes the countryside in a state of stagnation and backwardness. Especially the Catholic church. After Mexico's independence, the privileges of the church were not abolished, but protected. The archbishop and bishop of the church are directly appointed by the Holy See and are not interfered by secular regime. Priests only recognize the rules of patriarchal clan system and do not obey the civil authorities. For a long time, the church not only publicizes backwardness and ignorance by controlling people's thoughts, but also occupies a large number of real estate such as land and buildings by accepting gifts, lending and renting. According to statistics, the property owned by the church accounted for more than half of the national wealth in the middle of19th century. Once social wealth (especially real estate) falls into the hands of the church, it exits circulation and becomes dead property. All these are great obstacles to the development and progress of Mexican society. /kloc-In the mid-9th century, the spearhead of the innovation movement first attacked the feudal conservative forces represented by the church, which hindered the social progress in Mexico.

Since the beginning of independence, there has been a fierce struggle between liberals and conservatives in Mexican politics. Conservatives were the defenders of the social and economic order in the colonial period. They are content with the status quo, protect the old traditions and oppose any major social changes in order to maintain their privileged position. Liberals, composed of a group of progressives who emerged in the war of independence, demanded that the old social and economic order be completely changed, the unreasonable old traditions be reformed, and social progress be promoted in order to achieve the goals pursued by the general public in the war. The struggle between the two factions has been going on for decades, but conservatives have always dominated. /kloc-After the middle of the 0/9th century, two factors prompted this pattern to change gradually. First, the conservative ruling practice since independence for decades has made people increasingly disappointed and feel the need for social change. Especially in the 1940s, the failure of the Anti-American War and the loss of most of the country completely exposed the corruption of conservative politics. Conservatives are losing the support of the people. Secondly, with the slow recovery of the national economy and the penetration of foreign capital, the power of national capital has grown. A group of progressive intellectuals, deeply influenced by European and American bourgeois ideas, represented the interests and demands of the emerging bourgeoisie in Mexico and began to join the ranks of reformists, greatly increasing the power of reform. In this way, with the intensification of contradictions between the two camps, a decisive battle is finally inevitable.

The struggle began against the dictatorship of Santa Anna. 1In March, 854, some officers affected by the War of Independence launched an uprising in Ayutthaya. The rebel army announced the overthrow of the decadent dictatorship of President Santa Anna, the restoration of freedom and democracy, and the publication of the uprising program "Ayutthaya Plan". The leaders of the uprising were Alvarez, an officer who fought alongside morelos, and Comforti, a former customs commissioner in Acapulco. The uprising received positive responses from people from all walks of life all over the country, and the broad masses of the people joined the army in succession. In August of the following year, Santa Anna saw that the tide had gone and fled abroad. In June+10, 5438, the revolutionary army held a meeting in Cuernavaca, near the capital, and Alvarez was elected as interim president. In the newly formed government, a group of young reformist leaders hold important positions: Juá rez teaches church affairs and justice, ockham Bo is minister of foreign affairs and interior, and Guillermo Prieto is minister of finance. The revolutionaries have achieved initial victory in the struggle.

1855165438+1On October 23rd, the revolutionary government promulgated the first reform law-procedural law. The decree stipulates that the judicial privilege of the church and the army shall be abolished, and priests shall not participate in politics, separation of church and state, etc. The promulgation of this law caused a great shock. Conservative churches, landlords and military officers were terrified, and they used threats, rebellion and other means to counter the reformists. In February 65438, under the pressure of conservatives, President Alvarez was forced to resign and hand over power to the more moderate Comforte. Comfort disapproved of drastic social changes and tried to moderate the revolution. However, the backbone of the reform did not compromise. With the support of the broad masses of the people, they pushed the reform step by step.