What does it mean to strengthen the cornerstone of poverty alleviation and development and to increase infrastructure construction?

What is the new socialist countryside? How to build a new socialist countryside? From the central leadership, down to the common people, the country's attention, **** plan. From all aspects of the discussion and controversy, can be said to be in full swing. However, there are at least two indisputable *** knowledge: first, a firm determination to build a new socialist countryside; and second, to strengthen the construction of rural infrastructure, especially the construction of roads. This is a solid foundation for the construction of new socialist countryside.

Rural roads are the infrastructure that supports the development of agriculture and rural economy, and are the main and even in some areas the only transportation channel in rural areas. Accelerating the construction of rural roads and improving the production and living conditions in rural areas are the basis and prerequisite for developing the rural economy and solving the "Three Rural Issues". Since the reform and opening up, the construction of rural roads in Shaanxi Province has developed rapidly and made remarkable achievements, playing an important role in eliminating poverty and promoting rural economic development. In the face of the current situation of rural roads in Shaanxi Province, can still be summarized as "a lot of debt, a long way to go".

At present, there are still 40,000 organized villages in China that have yet to be connected to the highway, and nearly 10,000 townships and more than 300,000 organized villages have yet to be connected to the asphalt (cement) road. Shaanxi accounted for a proportion much higher than the national average. Happily, the favorable factors for the development of rural roads are greater than at any time in history, and their outstanding features are good policies and popularity. On May 24 this year, Shaanxi Province and the Ministry of Transportation *** with the signing of the "Shaanxi Provincial People's Government - Ministry of Transportation on the implementation of the Central Document No. 1 rural road construction tasks". Minister Li Shenglin highly evaluated: Shaanxi Provincial Government and the Ministry of Transportation to join hands *** build rural roads, is the implementation of the central government to build a new socialist countryside strategy, the implementation of this year's Central Document No. 1 of the major initiatives for the advancement of the construction of rural roads, as well as the construction of a new socialist countryside is of great significance. Acting governor of Shaanxi Province, Yuan Chunqing emphasized: rural road construction is the first basic project of the construction of a new socialist countryside, the first people's project, the first rich people project.

In the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" of the opening year, the "China *** Central State Council on promoting the construction of new socialist countryside of a number of opinions" opened a new period of epoch-making page. The Opinions profoundly elaborated the great significance of building a new socialist countryside, and clearly put forward the overall needs and major policies and guidelines for promoting the construction of a new socialist countryside. As the editorial of the People's Daily said, it is a programmatic document for the Party to strengthen the work of the "three rural areas" and to guide the construction of the new socialist countryside in the current and future period.

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee summarized the connotation and requirements for the construction of a new socialist countryside in five sentences and 20 words, and sketched out a beautiful picture of a modern and desirable rural society: "productive development, affluent living, civilized rural culture, clean villages, and democratic management". I believe that the construction of rural roads is like the canvas of this beautiful picture, is very important foundation and carrier.

Roads are the necessary infrastructure to lift rural people out of poverty

For a long time, poverty has been twinned with rural areas, and vulnerability has been synonymous with rural areas. Accelerating the construction of rural highways can lay the material carrier for the cause of poverty alleviation and development, the long-term development mechanism of agriculture and the construction of a new socialist countryside and other "three rural undertakings", and enhance the blood-forming function.

In March 2004, the International Focus Group on Rural Roads (IFG) fourth technical exchange meeting was held in Kunming, China, the theme of the meeting was "rural road improvement and poverty alleviation". The conference had a welcome research **** knowledge: rural road construction is one of the necessary factors for poverty alleviation, rural roads have a very positive role in access, education and medical facilities, enhance agricultural income, stimulate commercial activities, strengthen links and communication, increase travel speed, improve the quality of life, and so on.

Special mention should be made of the balance between poverty alleviation and road improvement for the purpose of sustainable development, which is one of the primary issues considered by governments and consulting firms. Studies from Asia show that if there are better rural roads, the cost of fertilizer will be reduced by 14 per cent, farmers' incomes will increase by 12 per cent, while the value of agricultural products will rise by 32 per cent, and convenient transportation conditions can promote the refinement of agricultural by-products and value-added. Studies from Africa have shown that under current road conditions in Africa, only 5 per cent of meat is transported by truck, and most transportation activities are carried out on foot, sometimes over several weeks, resulting in loss of weight and deterioration in the quality of food products. The study showed that 400 kilograms of food lost 6, 8, 12 and 14 per cent of its weight in 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours of transportation, respectively. Some experts pointed out that the United States agricultural products, the national price difference of only 5 cents, the key is the development of highways and fast transportation. Due to the price difference caused by the lack of transportation is very prominent, in the developed areas of only a few dollars of semiconductors, in the countryside but dozens of dollars or even hundreds of dollars. The market sells a kind of potato chips, English said "PRINGLES", the Chinese name "Pinke", 190 grams of selling price of 12 yuan, in Xi'an sold 13 yuan. The Americans made "Pinke", but the branch factory is located in Guangzhou, where transportation is developed, and its raw material is nothing more than Shaanxi's abundant potato, the price has doubled more than 100 times, and if calculated according to the local market value, the residual value of up to 1,000 times.

"To get rich, the first to build roads" is that the significance of the adjustment of the agricultural structure, deep processing of agricultural by-products, are inseparable from the highway transportation to provide basic protection. Our vision of the future is that the convenience of rural roads will attract a similar "Pinnacle" and many other foreign enterprises, like the construction of the "pithead power station", the factory moved to the farmers' fields, then one of our potatoes will become The price of potatoes will become "sky-high".

Some studies have argued that the role of rural roads in an integrated poverty alleviation and economic development strategy includes the following: poor areas' backward infrastructure has led to a widening of the gap between rich and poor with other areas; road improvements have increased villagers' incomes and given them easy access to education and health care; they have facilitated the mobility of people, goods and services; and they have strengthened exchanges between rural areas.

Most of the developed countries in the world have had a concentrated and rapid development phase to change the relatively weak rural areas in the process of comprehensively enhancing their comprehensive national power. South Korea in the "dual economy" in the transition, the government spent money to support the focus on rural infrastructure development. 1970 November, the South Korean government first allocated 2 billion U.S. dollars to launch the "new village movement", mainly for the construction of rural roads, etc.. The central government of the country distributed cement free of charge to more than 30,000 villages across the country, with an average of 335 bags per village, 4 bags per household, and 50 kilograms per bag, and specified that the cement could only be used for village public **** business. Local governments, on the other hand, have proposed 20 types of village infrastructure projects, such as the construction of bridges and village roads, to be handed over to farmers for their own development. In order to encourage and stimulate farmers' enthusiasm for building new villages, the Government has also established a support policy of "first to move, first to help, not to move, first to help". For those villages that meet the Government's requirements, 500 bags of cement and 1 ton of rebar will be added to each village in the following year. If the groundwork has changed, the government will add another 1,000 bags of cement for the village in the third year for encouragement and so on.

In summary, the development of rural roads can undoubtedly improve the rural transportation conditions and investment environment, and promote the rural "production development"; can increase rural incomes, expanding the employment of farmers, and promote the "living well"; can accelerate the rural information It can accelerate the dissemination of rural information and external exchanges, change the traditional production, lifestyle and ideology, and stimulate the spirit of self-reliance and enterprising spirit of the countryside; it can accelerate the process of rural urbanization, improve the appearance of villages, and promote the "neatness of villages"; it can improve the quality of the farmers themselves, so as to make the transition to a new type of farmers, and raise the awareness of participation in politics, and promote the "democratic management". It can improve the quality of the farmers themselves, thereby making the transition to a new era of farmers and raising their awareness of political participation, thus promoting "management democracy".

Li Jianguo, secretary of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, recently pointed out: "The construction of a new socialist countryside should start from the most concerned, direct and realistic interests of the peasant masses, and should achieve results in the development of the rural economy, the increase of peasants' incomes, the enhancement of the rural infrastructure construction, the development of education, medical care, culture and other social undertakings, so as to make the construction of the new countryside a process of real and tangible benefits to the rural masses. become a process that constantly brings tangible benefits to the rural masses."

Efforts to realize the development of rural roads in the history of the leap

"Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period is a new period of rural road construction, the central government explicitly called for accelerating the construction of rural roads as a major task to improve rural infrastructure, which is an important guiding ideology that must be followed to accelerate the construction of rural roads in the new period. Li Shenglin, Minister of Transportation, recently held a national rural road construction video and telephone conference, to be in accordance with the requirements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, at the new historical starting point, summarize the past experience, a serious review and accurately grasp the new period of China's rural road construction of new changes. We are pleased to see that the construction of rural roads has become an important part of the construction of a new socialist countryside, for which the Party Central Committee and the State Council clearly put forward the objectives and requirements of the construction of rural roads, which is a historic transformation.

This year, the National Transportation Work Conference put the construction of rural roads to the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" of the prominent strategic position of the work of transportation, put forward specific objectives and requirements. Recently, Li Jianguo, secretary of the Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee, the province's rural road construction to make important instructions: "to seize the province included in the national rural road construction pilot pilot provinces, the province's rural road construction to effectively strengthen up, as the construction of a new socialist countryside as a major infrastructure projects. To scientific planning, adhere to the quality first, to ensure that the 'Eleventh Five-Year' period to achieve the construction of highways and rural roads in Shaanxi Province, double victory, double harvest."

"Eleventh Five-Year" Shaanxi Province, the development of rural roads, the goal is: county and township road mileage reached 46,000 kilometers, of which asphalt (cement) road mileage reached 35,000 kilometers, 30,000 kilometers of graded highway, the village highway reached 69,000 kilometers, and each year to arrange for no less than 10,000 kilometers of asphalt (cement) road construction through the village. At the same time, vigorously develop rural passenger transportation, and strive to townships and formed villages through the shuttle bus rate of 100% and 95% respectively.

In order to realize the above goals, we are currently doing five main work is: First, vigorously build through the village highway. In accordance with the "county organization acceptance, city review and report, the provincial highway bureau approved, the Department of Transportation funding" procedures and "according to the actual subsidies, the first to do and then make up for the" approach to implementation. Where the Department of Transportation promulgated the standard asphalt road through the village, Guanzhong area per kilometer subsidy of 100,000 yuan, southern Shaanxi, northern Shaanxi area per kilometer subsidy of 120,000 yuan; where the Department of Transportation promulgated the standard through the village of cement road, the province's unified subsidies per kilometer of 150,000 yuan. Throughout the construction, we should strictly implement the project management "four formulations", improve the quality assurance system, strengthen quality control to ensure the quality of construction. Strict fund management, publicize the use of funds, to ensure that the state subsidy funds are really used on rural roads, to prevent retention, squandering and misappropriation.

Secondly, mobilize the active forces of all parties. Give full play to the role of government-led and policy guidance, relying closely on the local government, the rural masses and social forces, adhere to the "state to invest a little, the local fundraising a little, the masses voluntarily out of a little" of the diversified funding mechanism, around the transportation sector should take the initiative to strengthen the communication and coordination with the relevant departments and work closely together, the formation of multi-stakeholder support, the construction of Rural highway synergy. To seriously summarize the experience of building rural roads in Yan'an City, adhere to the previous "rural masses to play the bottom, the traffic department to spread the face" and other practices, in accordance with the law to use the "a good" policy, to guide the rural areas voluntarily contribute to the construction of funds legally raised. To respect the farmers' choice, do not repair the rural areas do not need and are not willing to build the road, do not engage in forced distribution and fund-raising, and must not increase the burden on farmers.

Third, adhere to the principle of economic savings. Rural road design, construction, maintenance and management, in accordance with the principle of living within one's means, seeking truth from facts, focusing on the principle of practicality, repair practical road, safe road, resource-saving road. Standards should be reasonably grasped, procedures should be appropriately simplified, standards and specifications, as well as the choice of alignment should be adapted to local conditions and road conditions, and road structures that are locally sourced, economically durable and easy to maintain should be promoted. Do not engage in major rerouting and demolition, and protect the interests of rural areas along the route. Pay attention to environmental protection and land saving, maximize the protection of arable land resources, rational use of soil sources and yards, no indiscriminate mining and digging, to prevent soil erosion and environmental pollution.

Fourth, strengthen the improvement of maintenance management. Seriously implement the "rural road management and maintenance system reform program", the establishment and improvement of county-based, rural management system, unified standardization of management institutions, the city set up a rural road management office, the county set up rural road management station. Gradually establish stable funding channels with government input, especially to implement local government responsibilities and local budgetary inputs. Improve maintenance organizations, improve the maintenance mode, and promote the combination of professional maintenance and mass maintenance, and year-round maintenance and seasonal maintenance. Strengthen the technical guidance of rural roads, and do a good job in the province's rural road access as well as technical condition census.

Fifth, actively develop rural passenger transportation. Rural passenger transportation network as a substantial initiative to support agriculture, benefit agriculture, agriculture to accelerate the development of rural roads to give full play to the benefits. In accordance with the "road, station, transport" integration of development principles, the construction of simple, economical, practical stop or greeting station; actively carry out rural passenger transport bus pilot, promote the integration of urban and rural passenger transport process, so that the majority of farmers get more convenient and affordable.