What does farm management mean? What were the modes of operation in ancient China? What is the corresponding dynasty?

Grange management: At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, powerful landlords exploited farmers in the form of grange. After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to the prevalence of feudal land ownership, the rapid development of land annexation and the war in the late Western Han Dynasty, powerful landlords established feudal landlords' granges. Grange is a production organization form of the landlord class in Han Dynasty.

Grange is a self-sufficient natural economy, so it is called grange economy. Grange economy is based on big land ownership (that is, the system in which landlords, lords or nobles hold a large amount of land and exploit farmers by it), and it uses labor rent or physical rent as a way to exploit working people, and has a strict production management system. It is an economic entity that can produce and live independently.

China's ancient business model: collective farming before the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and individual farming after the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, forming a self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy; After the Song Dynasty, the tenancy relationship became common, and it and the yeoman economy became the main management mode of ancient agriculture in China.

The characteristics of China's ancient management mode: mainly planting, supplemented by animal husbandry and cottage industry, and increasing production by changing production tools.

Extended data:

At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, powerful landlords exploited farmers in the form of granges. After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, due to the prevalence of feudal land ownership, the rapid development of land annexation and the war in the late Western Han Dynasty, powerful landlords established feudal landlords' granges.

The landlord grange is a self-sufficient natural economy. It occupies a large area of land and mountains and rivers, grows grain and various cash crops, and also manages handicrafts, fisheries and animal husbandry. Some portrait bricks unearthed in Sichuan depict a large area of paddy fields, ponds, mountains and rivers and salt wells outside the landlord's house; Stone reliefs unearthed in Tengzhou, Shandong Province, show the scene of ironmaking in the landlord's grange.

The "Four-person Monthly Order" also describes the situation of the landlord's grange buying and selling all kinds of grain and agricultural and sideline products. The diversified management of the landlord grange ensures that all kinds of means of subsistence are basically self-sufficient and do not need to rely on external supply.

In the grange, exploiters and laborers often live in groups, and the feudalism is very patriarchal. Powerful landlords use clan kinship as a means to oppress and exploit working people. Most of the poor relatives of powerful landlords have become laborers in the landlord's grange. The main laborers in the grange also have guests, who just agree with slaves. They have strong feelings for powerful landlords.

The dependent farmers of the grange not only pay the land rent to the grange owner in kind, but also undertake all kinds of labor for the grange owner. Landlord Grange also has private armed forces, called "Buqu" and "Jia Bing", which are composed of dependent farmers.

During the slack season, they conduct military exercises, look after the house for landlords and powerful people at ordinary times, and fight against powerful landlords in wartime. The emergence of the landlord grange is a new stage in the development of feudal relations of production.

Baidu encyclopedia-landlord farmhouse

Baidu Encyclopedia-Mode of Operation