Zhongjianshi 04 Residence and Settlement

Typical residential forms that embody the traditional concepts and lifestyles of the Han nationality in China.

Sanjin Courtyard is the most typical.

There are three main rooms and wing rooms, but the main room can't be occupied.

Grade: Principal Room > East Wing > West Wing

Plane mode:

The central axis is symmetrical and the grades are clear;

There are differences inside and outside, and the order is strict.

The important boundary between the inside and outside of the hanging flower gate is often the most gorgeous side of decoration, which makes public financial resources; There is a screen door inside to block the outside and realize the boundary between the inside and the outside.

Enter the hospital, enter the hospital, enter the hospital, enter the hospital, enter the hospital (the local expansion of the hall means that the owner's identity has improved and the work responsibility has improved, and the hall has become the focus of the hospital), and there are gardens (gardens do not exist in isolation, but rely on living; Breaking the traditional strict division, people with different identities can enter on different occasions; Family members and outsiders can meet on this occasion; To some extent, it broke the order relationship formed in the strict living space)

In the case of limited conditions, the entrance direction cannot be located in the southeast. It is better to take a section of the road and still maintain the layout.

Symbolizes the identity and status of the owner; Guide the path and divide the courtyard.

Street view environment → house door → looking at the wall → turning point → hanging flower door → turning point → looking at the courtyard.

Hanging lotus column

screen door

The main house is uninhabited (the fire pond in Yangshao period)

The proportion of quadrangles is different from that of Beijing quadrangles.

The wing has three rooms, separated by two rooms.

Later, the hall appeared, with double courtyards and main rooms. In order to maintain the main position, the height was raised, even reaching the height of three floors.

Deep patio and large ventilation can reduce solar radiation and draw out wind and light.

For example: Renzhai in Tieping Lane, Suzhou

Brick carving, wood carving, stone carving, color painting

Earth building refers to a huge residential building with rammed earth walls and wooden beams and columns to adapt to the common living of large families.

Fujian, Guangdong and Gannan

Hakka migration route

Distribution: Dong-speaking areas of Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other ethnic minorities.

Main features: large overhang, large cantilever platform and overhead column layer.

Adapt to the climate: hot and humid

Distribution: Northeast China, Yunnan (alpine dense forest area in northwest Yunnan)

Use environment: forest area

Material: wood

Features: the vertical shaft drywall is used as the load-bearing structural wall, which is wide and small in depth, which is beneficial to cold protection and local materials.

Adapt to the climate: cold

Xikang, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Inner Mongolia are represented by Tibetans and Qiang people.

The outer wall is a thick and high stone wall; Inside are dense beams, wooden floors and roofs.

Cold and dry

Tibet nangselin manor main building

Architectural style suitable for nomadic life

Geography: geography, climate and customs.

Blood relationship: social life.

Huizhou merchants, "no town without emblem"

Confucian businessmen are in the majority and pay attention to ethics.

"pillow mountain, surround water, face screen"

This pattern forms a relatively closed regional living environment, which can not only make the village avoid the intrusion of strong mountain wind and cold and humid airflow, but also absorb the cool wind passing by the water in summer, so that the villagers can obtain safe and stable living psychological needs.

Tang Yue Village faces fertile land, with Futing Mountain as the barrier. Fengle River, originating from Huangshan Mountain, is surrounded by mountains from west to east. Seven large earth mounds, called Seven-Star Mounds, were artificially piled at the water mouth to form a key.

Taking seven archways and a pavilion as a group, the defining sign of Shuikou generation is strengthened, and the important position of "one water source" is emphasized.

Village construction has always revolved around these two premises: "Westbound Airlines" and respecting the church in China.

The older generation still clearly uses the long room and six rooms, that is, around their branch temples or smaller branches, to describe the general scope of Hu's descendants' houses.

After the patriarchal clan system was broken, real estate transactions lost certain rules, and many properties and even property of the Hu family were transferred to different surnames. The settlement of Xiao surname, which originally lived in Wu Shan, moved in one after another, and Xidi gradually evolved into a mixed agricultural village. The original structural order is still preserved except the roadway network, and its center and group mode have been blurred.

Reconstruction of water system-Hongcun village

Xixi in Hongcun originally flowed from northwest to southeast, which led to the cramped basin under Leigang Mountain and gradually failed to meet the development needs of the village. Later, due to the diversion of Xixi River, it merged with Yangzhan River and flowed south, which made the basin in front of Leigang Mountain flat and open, and promoted the prosperity and development of later villages.

During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the Wangs visited the house three times and hired He Keda, a famous feng shui master known as the "national teacher" (Haiyang, Xiuning County) to survey the mountains and rivers and examine the pulse. After 10 years of research, the artificial water system planning of the village was formulated, and a half-moon "moon marsh" was built in front of the main temple of Lexutang. At that time, Wang Xin, the master book of Shanxi water transport, invested 12 thousand silver to rebuild and build.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Hongcun had crossed the "Moon Marsh" and developed to the southeast. According to the teachings of ancestors, people opened up the "South Lake" in the Wanli period, realizing the perfect combination of natural environment and artificial environment, thus laying a typical example of Hongcun's practice of "Feng Shui" environmental protection concept from Leigang Mountain to Moon Marsh to South Lake for nearly a thousand years.

There are many sacrificial buildings, highlighting clan etiquette.

Shanxi Xiangfen Ding Cun