How does cantaloupe grow and grow again?

Melon, another name for melon, is the fruit of climbing or creeping herbal melon of Cucurbitaceae.

Cultivation techniques of Hami melon

Seed treatment and germination acceleration

Before sowing, dry the seeds for 0-2 days to break dormancy. Then soaked in water at 65438 02-65438 05℃

Soak 1 hour to soften the seed epidermis and wipe off the mucus on the surface of pumpkin seeds. After cleaning, add carbendazim 1 0g into every 3kg of water, soak the seeds1kg, and keep the temperature at 20-25℃. It takes about 4 hours to soak melon seeds and 6 to 8 hours to soak pumpkin seeds. Stir from time to time to make the seeds receive medicine evenly. Wash the seeds soaked in the liquid medicine with clear water and wrap them with a wet towel. Generally, pumpkin seeds can germinate together in about 25 to 30 hours at 32℃. Melon seeds germinate at 32-34℃ for about 18 hours. When a large number of buds sprout together, they should be placed at the low temperature of 10 ~ 15℃ to improve the adaptability of the buds.

Seedbed preparation

Nutrient soil should be prepared before sowing. Formula of nutrient soil: 4 parts of fertile garden soil without melons, 4 parts of decomposed manure and 2 parts of decomposed manure or poultry manure, which are fully mixed and put into a nutrient bowl.

Start sowing at the right time

5438+ 10 sowing in greenhouse in the first half of October, and sowing in greenhouse in early March and early spring. When sowing, cantaloupe should be sown 4 to 6 days earlier than pumpkin. Because pumpkin seedlings grow faster than melon seedlings.

Sowing method

Sow cantaloupe near the center of the nutrition bowl 1.5 cm. When the true leaves of Hami melon turn white, sow pumpkin seeds in the center of the nutrition bowl, one in each bowl, with buds facing down, and cover with wet fine soil with a thickness of 1 cm. After sowing, cover with a layer of plastic film to keep warm and moist.

Seedling management before budding

Keeping the ground temperature above 15℃ is the key to germination. Generally, at the temperature of about 30℃ in the shed, seedlings can emerge in about 3 ~ 4 days. When 70% of the seedlings are unearthed, the plastic film should be removed in time, and the hypocotyl should be cooled properly to prevent excessive growth. The daytime temperature is 20-25℃, and the nighttime temperature is 16- 18℃, and the watering is controlled. If the soil is dry, a small amount of moist fine soil can be covered to reduce evaporation. Proper ventilation should be carried out before grafting 1 ~ 2 days to improve the stress resistance of seedlings.

Grafting treatment

The grafting tool is folded in half with a shaving blade; Round mouth grafting clip; The disinfectant can be 800 times solution of 75% chlorothalonil. The night before grafting, the rootstock seedlings were watered, and a small amount of agricultural streptomycin was added with 77% kocide 500 times solution to spray disinfect the rootstock, scion and surrounding environment. When grafting, the grafting site should be shaded first, and the temperature should be kept at about 25℃, while the small arch shed should be supported, and the floor of the small arch shed should be 5 cm lower than the room temperature floor, and then the water should be poured. After grafting, cover the seedlings with film and paper to shade and moisturize.

transplant

The leaves of pumpkin seeds are flattened, and when one leaf is combined into one, pumpkin seeds are grafted. Pumpkin seedlings and pumpkin seedlings were taken by docking method, and the growing points of pumpkin seedlings were excavated. Then, on the lower side of the two cotyledons, the hypocotyl 1/2-2/3 is obliquely cut at an angle of 40 degrees, and the incision length is 0.7-0.8 cm. The scion is obliquely cut upward at a 30-degree angle under the cotyledon 1 ~ 1.2cm, and goes deep into the hypocotyl for 3/5, and the length of the scion incision is equivalent to that of the rootstock incision, then the rootstock and the scion incision are closely connected, and the intersection of pumpkin seed leaves and melon cotyledons is adjusted to prevent mutual shading, and then the interface is clamped with grafting pliers.

Post-grafting management

It takes about 10 days from grafting to survival. During this period, we must do a good job of moisturizing, heat preservation, shading, outdoor air, germination and so on.

Increase moisture

Within 2 ~ 3 days after grafting, the shed should be sealed and the humidity in the shed should reach saturation. After 2 to 3 days, the humidity reaches 90% to 95%.

thermal insulation

During the first three days, the temperature in the shed was maintained at 28-30℃ during the day and at 15- 18℃ at night. Then gradually open the small arch shed, and the survival rate will be affected if the temperature is 28℃ during the day and not lower than 15℃ at night, or higher than 35℃ and lower than 10℃. After 7 days, the grafted seedlings basically healed at 25-28℃ during the day and 13- 14℃ at night. After 10 days, it was managed by ordinary seedbed.

shadow

In the first 3 days after grafting, the shed should be completely sealed and the small arch shed should be covered to avoid direct sunlight on the seedbed and prevent the grafted seedlings from wilting. After 3 days, scattered light and side light can be seen in the morning and evening. Under the condition that the grafted seedlings do not wilt, the light-seeing time can be appropriately extended. After 7 days, the seedlings began to be tempered. From small to large, the ventilation volume was gradually increased and scattered light was given.

eliminate

1 2 days later, if the grafted seedlings do not wilt, you can cut off the scion and cut a knife under the joint at 1.0 cm and on the bowl surface. Fill the seedbed with 65438+ water 0 to 2 days before root cutting. After root cutting, it will still shade at noon 1 to 2 days.

Chumeng

When the grafted seedlings grow in the seedbed, the sprouts on the rootstock should be removed in time, but the scions and cotyledons should not be damaged. After 25 days or so, when the seedlings grow to 3 leaves 1 heart, plastic film is suitable for field planting.

Reasons for poor color and sweetness of Hami melon

The main reasons for poor color and sweetness of Hami melon are as follows:

1, improper variety selection. The sweetness of cantaloupe is related to varieties, so we must choose high-quality varieties when planting cantaloupe.

2. Too much pruning, too little mature leaves, insufficient nutrition supply from fruit ripening to sugar accumulation, premature plants, aging leaves, and weakened or lost ability to make nutrients. The skin of fruit is thin and brittle. In order to maintain their own development, instead of leaves to make nutrients, the peel is mature. The amount of chlorophyll synthesized on the surface is greater than the amount decomposed, which makes the pericarp cells contain a lot of chlorophyll and cannot turn yellow, so the color is not good and the sweetness is poor.

3. The whole plant leaves too few leaves, the fruit is basically bare, and most of the fruit surface is exposed to direct sunlight, which is easy to cause the fruit temperature to rise and inhibit the synthesis of yellow carotenoids. Direct light is beneficial to the synthesis of green chlorophyll. Scattered light is beneficial to the synthesis of yellow carotenoids. The fruits in the shadow show yellow carotenoids first, because they receive more scattered light, so the fruits covered with leaves have good color.

4. Improper application of water and fertilizer. It is not special in the late fruit-setting stage of Hami melon, that is, before the market 10 day.

Drought, do not water, watering will obviously reduce the sweetness of cantaloupe. Special attention should be paid to the application of potassium fertilizer during the growth of cantaloupe, which can obviously improve the quality of cantaloupe. To control nitrogen fertilizer, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will not only reduce the sweetness of cantaloupe, but also accumulate too much nitrite, which is harmful to human body. The principles of controlling nitrogen, applying phosphorus and increasing potassium should be mastered in melon fertilization, so that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be applied together. In order to increase the sweetness of Hami melon, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, Baofengling and other sweeteners can be sprayed on the leaves 10 days before harvesting, or 10% sugar can be sprayed.