Tourism Landmark in Tibetan Areas —— Characteristics of Tibetan Architecture

There is no higher building in Lhasa than the Potala Palace because it is not allowed. Potala Palace is the most sacred building in Tibet.

2. Cultural characteristics of ancient buildings in Tibet

As a world-class cultural heritage, Potala Palace is not only related to its long history and great cultural value, but also related to its experience. Judging from its establishment, reconstruction, expansion and maintenance, almost all of them are closely related to the political or religious core figures at that time.

Potala Palace is the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in China and one of the top ten civil buildings in the world. It combines Tibet's religion, politics, history and art. It can be said that the Potala Palace is a museum of Tibetan history.

3. Architectural features of Qinghai-Tibet region

Diaofang, a Tibetan folk house with the urban characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Due to the influence of climate and environment, most Tibetan residential buildings are built with stones or mud, so they are named after the shape of blockhouses. Diaofang is a unique Tibetan building, the most representative Tibetan building and an indispensable part of Tibetan culture.

4. Representative buildings in Tibet

the Potala Palace

Potala Palace was originally built to commemorate Princess Wencheng and became a symbol of the unity of the Han and Tibetan nationalities. Potala Palace is the highest-altitude magnificent building in the world, integrating palaces, castles and monasteries. It is also the largest and most well-preserved group of ancient palaces and castles in Tibet, and is known as the pearl on the roof of the world. The Potala Palace, built on the mountain and with overlapping buildings, is an outstanding representative of ancient architecture in Tibet. Potala Palace is a holy place of Tibetan Buddhism. The whole Potala Palace is made of stone and wood. The outer wall of the palace is 2-6 meters thick, and the foundation is directly buried in the rock. The walls are all granite, tens of meters high. At intervals, the middle is filled with molten iron for reinforcement, which improves the seismic capacity of the wall and makes the wall firm and stable.

5. Tibet's landmark buildings and cultural characteristics

Use figurative rhetoric. The advantage of this writing is to indicate the theme and summarize the full text. The whole building is built on the mountain, magnificent, and known as the pearl on the roof of the world. Potala Palace is a famous palace-style building complex in Tibet, an outstanding representative of Tibetan architectural art and one of the most famous ancient buildings.

6. landmark buildings in Tibet

The tallest building in Lhasa is Potala Palace, designed and supervised by King Gambo of Songzang. It can resist an earthquake of magnitude 8 and is very strong. What impressed me deeply was that the soil in Laga, that is, the ground in the palace was bonded with Baba ghee and soil. After tens of thousands of knocks and repeated polishing by workers, it finally became smooth, solid and cool soil in Laga. It looks like a marble floor, but barefoot is more skin-friendly than stone. Just by treating the ground, we can see that Tibetans are extremely intelligent people.

7. What are the famous buildings in Tibet?

The buildings of ordinary people in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are mainly made of stone, mud and wood.

Apart from grasslands and pastoral areas, most other areas have large areas of virgin forests, which have become another source of Tibetan architecture. The bulk building materials of Tibetan architecture are mainly stones, clay and wood.

Tibetans follow the following two habits in building houses: materials and materials. First, determine the basic structure of the house according to the local building materials resources. If the local clay has good soil quality, it can be used at the same time. The construction method of civil structures is often rammed earth wall method or adobe masonry method.

If the local stone is rich, stone-wood buildings will be built with stone walls.

If the local clay, stone and wood are available, it depends on the owner's habits and tastes. This phenomenon exists in some places, even in a village and in a building. In a building, there are three structures, namely mud, wood and stone. It is usually called a mixed structure building. Its base is a foundation, the bottom is a stone wall, and the walls above the second floor are rammed earth walls. One or two wooden (collapsed) buildings were specially set up on the side of the rammed earth wall on the third or fourth floor.

The buildings in the villages near the forest area are too luxurious. Except for a few mud walls or stone walls, the whole building is made of wood structure, and the building is built into a wood (collapsed) structure with distinctive characteristics. In areas where wood and stones are very scarce, such as Duoxiang Castle, the site of Guge ancient city in Ariza, all stones used for masonry and soil used for compaction are collected and used at the same time. They are only used to cover roofs and paint walls, so pebbles mixed in soil need to be screened out with mud, which fully maintains the natural characteristics of materials.

Because of the durability of stones and mud, Tibetans have the habit of demolishing old buildings and renovating them in the process of building houses. Except rotten or moth-eaten wood, the rest of the soil and stones can be reused or reused.

8. Tibetan architecture with national characteristics

Jokhang Temple.

Jokhang Temple is a Tibetan Buddhist temple, which was built by Tibetan King Songzan Gampo. The reason why there is a holy place in Lhasa is related to this Buddha statue. Jokhang Temple is the most brilliant building in Tibet and the earliest civil structure building in Tibet, which created the Pingchuan Temple City Council in Tibet. With Jokhang Temple as the center, a big circle including Potala Palace, Wang Yao and Jokhang Temple is called Linkuo. These three rings from the inside out are prayer ceremonies for Tibetan routes. Jokhang Temple, which combines the architectural styles of Tibet, Tang, Nepal and India, has become an eternal model of Tibetan religious architecture.

9. Tibetan architectural features

1. The most obvious characteristics of Tibetans are high nasal bones and large nostrils, which are caused by lack of oxygen and cold in high and cold areas.

2. Their skin is rough, and under the sunlight and wind, most of their faces are sauce red; Men's faces are mostly China-type and Shen-type, with developed masseter muscles on both cheeks, high cheekbones, narrow eyes and triangular eyes. American women's round faces are more like those of China. Sharp nose and thin lips.

Tibetans are not fat, and elderly women are much thinner. A man's face is like a knife, angular. Because of the lack of oxygen in the plateau, both men and women walk slowly.

Tibetans have their own language and writing. Tibetan language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family, which is divided into three dialects: Weizang and Kang 'ando.

5. Tibetans generally believe in Tibetan Buddhism. Buddhism was introduced into Tubo from Tianzhu in the 7th century, with a history of 1400 years. People in Xizang has created a splendid national culture, leaving an extremely rich cultural heritage in literature, music, dance, painting, sculpture, architectural art and so on. Tibetan carving skills are superb. Besides, Tibetan opera is unique, and Tibetan medicine is also an important heritage of mankind.

10. Tibetan characteristic buildings

Tibet has not only the majestic Potala Palace in Lhasa, the majestic Jokhang Temple, but also the charming Namtso, Yangzhuoyongcuo and Basongcuo, as well as numerous snow peaks in the Himalayas, as well as endless rivers such as Yarlung Zangbo River, Lhasa River and Yangni River. The snow scene is particularly charming and unique:

Tibet not only has a unique plateau snow scene, but also has a charming southern customs. The cultural landscape integrated with this nature also gives Tibet a truly unique charm in the eyes of travelers. Until now, outside the plateau, Tibetans still have many living customs that are far from modern people. It is because of the distance that everything in Tibet has ornamental value.

The winding path between snow peaks, forests, oceans, meadows and streams is far away from those who worship men and believe in women, support the elderly and take care of the young, recite scriptures in a low voice and have simple eyes. They are worshipping the holy mountain and praying for health and happiness to heaven and earth. And those sons of nature, such as wild sheep, roe deer, monkeys, deer and black bears, are all carefree and happy, chasing and jumping in the grass forest, all beings are in harmony and enjoying the fun of life.

Excellent architecture:

People in Xizang has created many splendid buildings, whether it is towns, Shan Zong, palaces, temples, Karin, or manors, mansions, houses and bridges. Different categories have different styles, which is an outstanding embodiment of the wisdom of the Tibetan people and a treasure of the architectural art of the motherland. Tibet's architectural art attainments are profound and its design technology is quite high. It can use the composition rules of unity, balance, contrast, rhythm, harmony, proportion and scale to realize beautiful facade modeling. In the process of historical development, Tibetan architectural artists are also very good at absorbing the advanced experience of other nationalities. Today, many ancient buildings obviously retain the characteristics of architectural art of other nationalities.

There are traditional palaces, temples and halls with murals in Guizhou, Thangka in Tibet and luxury houses and manors in the United States. Many famous ancient buildings are museums of painting art, and Thangka is another traditional painting art after the rise of murals. This is a scroll painting mounted with colored satin, which has distinctive national characteristics, strong religious color and unique artistic style. The themes of Tibetan Thangka include historical paintings and genre paintings based on Tibetan social history and customs, as well as scientific Thangka reflecting astronomical calendar and Tibetan medicine.

Tibetan Buddhism:

Tibetan Buddhism was introduced into Tibet from the Tang Dynasty and India in the 7th century. After long-term development and twists and turns, Tibetan Buddhism has been formed, which not only maintains the basic teachings of Buddhism, but also has strong Tibetan characteristics, that is, Tibet's localized Lamaism, and the theocracy of Lamaism, which combines politics and religion, continued until the 1950s.

Lamaism is not only the ruling philosophy, but also the spiritual home of ordinary people. It creates splendid religious art and culture and permeates people's daily life. There are many sects in Tibetan Buddhism history. At present, there are mainly four sects, namely Gelug Sect (commonly known as Yellow Sect), Ma Ning Sect (commonly known as Red Sect), Sakya Sect (commonly known as Flower Sect) and Kagyu Sect (commonly known as White Sect).

Tibetan songs and dances:

Tibet is called the ocean of singing and dancing. Every holiday, wherever you go, you can see young men, women and children dancing. In the countryside, every autumn harvest season, farmers work, sing and dance around the circle. In pastoral areas, interesting bonfires are often held all night. In towns, as long as the weather is warm, people will go out with their families, go to Karin River, drink butter tea and highland barley wine, and dance folk dances from morning till night.

Tibetan song and dance are twin brothers, almost inseparable. There must be a dance in the song, and there must be a song in the dance. But it is a different concept from dance, and it is strictly distinguished from dance, that is, harmony and harmony are the general concepts of singing; Zhuo and Xia Zhuo's cheap dance has many songs and dances that the masses like. The most important and common ones are fruit harmony, hot bar harmony, pile harmony, music harmony and so on. These are the collective songs and dances of the masses. Dui, which is popular all over Tibet, is called Tibetan tap dance.