What are the ancient Chinese planning ideas and typical cities?

Ancient Chinese city planning and construction adhering to the thought system.

(1) Western Zhou is an important period in the development of China's slavery society, the nature of the city has a rigorous planning, "Zhouli - Kaogongji" records "the craftsman camp country, square nine miles, next to three doors, the country in nine by nine, the warp coating nine tracks, left ancestor right community, the front of the city after the city, the city towards a husband." This idea has basically become China's ancient city planning and construction of the system of thought adhered to;?

(2) the Eastern Zhou period produced the "Hundred Schools of Thought", is China's ancient urban planning ideological pluralism era, that is, with the "Zhou Rites - Kaogongji" lineage of Confucianism, to maintain the traditional social hierarchy and religious etiquette, but also with the tube as the representative of the cross more ideas, emphasizing " Because of the heavenly material, on the geographical advantage, so the city does not have to be in the rules, the road does not have to be in the quasi-coordinate "concept of nature above; △ but since the Western Han Dynasty Emperor Han Wu Di "depose the hundred schools of thought, sole respect for Confucianism", the same Confucianism advocate the idea of rituals is conducive to the consolidation of the rule of imperial power. Because the "Zhouli - Kaogongji" recorded the city form than the influence of ancient Chinese capital city more and more complete manifestation.

Ancient Chinese planning ideas and typical cities (artisan camping ideas, Guanzi city construction ideas)?

(1) "Zhou Li - Kaogong Ji" recorded that "the craftsman camp state, square nine miles, next to the three gates, the state of nine warps and nine wefts, the warp and coating nine tracks, the left ancestor and the right community, the front and back of the city, the city of the city towards a husband." Most ancient Chinese capitals were built according to this idea, the most typical ones being Yecheng of Cao Wei, Dadu of Yuan, etc.?

(2) Guan Zi believes that the city site should be "high not close to the water and water with enough, low not close to the water and ditch defense," "because of the material, on the ground, so the city does not have to be in the rules, the road does not have to be in the line. (For details, see Question 6.) The more obvious city of the influence of the tube is the city of Nanjing, Nanjing is a more complex topography, the Yangtze River flows from southwest to northeast, surrounded by mountains on all sides, only the middle of the terrain is relatively flat, is a typical ancient Chinese city of irregularities in the metropolis. The city has a regular and square palace district and a market district that reflects the spontaneous growth of commerce and handicrafts.

The Improvement and Development of Residential Areas in Different Historical Periods

The residential areas in ancient Chinese cities were called "luli". A li was a consistently closed residential unit. The lv is the gate of the li. It was a strictly regulated form of residence.

In the Sui and Tang dynasties, this strict management of the residential system developed to the extreme point of formation of "Li Fang system" is characterized by strict management. Such as making the city Square with the morning curtain of the street drums and the top of the time up and closed, in addition to officials above the third grade at the residence are not allowed to open the door in the Square wall and so on. Secondly, the area is very large.

The Tang Dynasty, the strict system to the end of the Square has been gradually relaxed. And the Song dynasty residential area and the Tang is completely different, is a group of courtyards linked by streets and alleys, although at this time there is still a workshop, but the name of the residential lot, set up at the entrance, the name of the workshop, which is similar to the depiction of the Song Pingjiang House on the map. The residential area is divided into long strips of lots by alleys, and this strip of lots consists of a number of courtyards connected in parallel, and the entrances to the alleys are often marked with a long building, a gatehouse, and some small stores for living services, and sometimes a gate for security purposes.

In the water network area of the town, the layout of the director of the district has a direct relationship with the river system. Residential area along the river in a belt-shaped development, residential front street behind the river or the river behind the street. Between the river and the road is a strip-shaped residential lot. The river becomes an extension of the living space. The river is also a transportation channel. There are many bridges over the river, and the head of the bridge is often the center of the living supply and social activities of the residential area.