What are the four major lines of characterization in opera? Which four artistic means and which five technical methods are used to express characters in Chinese opera?

The four artistic means of opera performance are: singing, reciting, acting and fighting.

"Singing" refers to singing, "reading" refers to musical recitation, "doing" refers to choreographed physical movements, and "fighting" refers to martial arts and tumbling. "refers to the techniques of martial arts and tumbling.

The four artistic means of "singing, reading, doing and fighting" are the four basic skills that are indispensable for opera performances, and are known as the "four skills" in the opera world.

The five technical methods of opera performance are: hand, eye, body, method and step.

"Hand" refers to hand gestures, "eye" refers to the eyes, "body" refers to the body, "step" refers to the stage step, "method" refers to the stage step, and "method" refers to the stage step. The "method" refers to the specifications and methods of the above techniques.

The above four artistic means of opera performance and a five technical methods, in the opera world is collectively referred to as the "four Gong five method".