What are the climatic characteristics of the six summer seasons?

Summer is the time from the day of the beginning of summer to the end of the day of the beginning of fall. It is the period between the first day of summer, the first day of fullness, the first day of mango, the summer solstice, the first day of summer, and the first day of summer. Summer climate is hot, everything is vigorous, the characteristics of each festival during the period are described as follows:

(7) summer

Annual calendar May 5 or so for the establishment of the summer, in the sun at 45 degrees of yellow longitude. The original meaning of the word "summer" is "big". All things have grown up by this time, so the name of the summer also. It is customary to regard the beginning of summer as the beginning of summer, when the temperature rises significantly, the heat is approaching, thunderstorms increase, and plants enter the peak season of growth, which is an important festival. After the summer, the average temperature in most areas can reach about 18 ℃, the highest temperature can reach more than 35 ℃.

The three signs of Lixia are: "The first sign of mole crickets; the second sign of earthworms; and the third sign of king gourds." That is to say, in this season, you can first hear the sound of mayflies (i.e., mole crickets) chirping in the fields (one says it is the sound of frogs), then you can see earthworms digging in the earth, and then the vines of the king's gourd begin to climb and grow rapidly.

(8)Xiaoman

Annually, Xiaoman is celebrated around May 21 on the Gregorian calendar, at 60 degrees of the sun's yellow meridian. From the beginning of the small full, barley, winter wheat and other summer crops, has been fruit, full of seeds, but not yet mature, so called small full. There is an old proverb "big fall big full, small fall small full". "Falling" is the meaning of rain, the more abundant rain, the more abundant the future harvest. This festival in the south of the Yangtze River, the average temperature of about 22 ℃, the highest temperature can reach more than 35 ℃. This festival rainfall, abundant light, the temperature is suitable for wheat grouting and spring sowing crop growth is favorable. However, in some years there is little precipitation and frequent dry and hot winds, which are very harmful to crop growth, especially to wheat irrigation. Sometimes gusty winds are accompanied by thunderstorms.

Small full three wait for: "a wait for bitter vegetables show; two wait for the death of the exhaustion of grass; three wait for the arrival of wheat in the fall." It means that in the Xiaoman festival, first, you can see that the bitter vegetables have already flourished and are ready to be harvested. Then some grasses with thin and soft branches that like shade begin to die under strong sunlight, and then wheat is ripe for harvesting.

(9) Awn Seed

It is at 75 degrees of the sun's yellow longitude, around June 5 on the Gregorian calendar. Meaning that crops with awns (mainly wheat) began to mature and harvest, but also for the summer crops sowing season, this is the most suitable time to sow cereal crops with awns, such as late grain, millet, jik, etc.. At this time has entered the typical summer, agricultural planting are to this season as the boundary, after this season, the survival rate of crops is getting lower and lower. This is the reason why the proverb "Mangkasai busy busy planting" says.

Small summer three wait for: "a wait for the warm wind to; two wait for the crickets in the Yu; three wait for the eagle began to birds." It means that as soon as the Little Summer Festival arrives, there is no longer a trace of cool wind on the earth, but all the winds carry heat waves in them. In the Book of Songs - July, the words describing the crickets are: "In July, the crickets are in the field; in August, they are in the house; in September, they are in the house; in October, the crickets are under my bed." The August referred to in the text is the sixth month of the summer calendar, which is the time of the Little Summer Festival. Since the weather is hot at this time, the crickets leave the hot fields and go under the corners of the courtyard to avoid the heat. During this festival, eagles can be seen flying in the sky practicing combat methods, meaning that eagles are moving around in the cool, high air because the temperature on the ground is too high.

Before and after the mango, China's central Yangtze River in the middle and lower reaches of the region, the rainfall increases, the temperature rises, the air is very humid, the weather is unusually hot and stuffy, all kinds of utensils and clothing are easy to get moldy, the general public called this period of time for the moldy rainy season, but also because at this time it is the time when the plums yellow ripe, so it is also known as the plum rainy days or yellow plum rain. Plum rain season lasts about a month or so, the amount of rain, on the harvest has an important significance, so the plum rain is very much valued by the people.

(10) Summer Solstice

The summer solstice is at 90 degrees of the sun's yellow meridian and occurs around June 21st on the Gregorian calendar. The name "summer solstice" means the extreme of yang. The summer solstice is the time when the yang covers the top and the yin is born on the bottom, the so-called "yin and yang fight for death and life", which means that yin-loving creatures start to grow and yang-loving creatures will gradually die. From the day of the summer solstice, the hot season begins, and everything in heaven and earth grows most vigorously at this time. Therefore, in ancient times, this day was also called the northern solstice, meaning the day when the sun moves to the far north. After the summer solstice, the sun gradually move south, the northern hemisphere day is shorter than one day, the night is longer than one day. From the summer solstice, China's temperature began to enter the hottest stage. Because the weather after the summer solstice local convection strong, small rainfall range, so there is a "summer rain across the field" said.

The summer solstice three wait for: "a wait for the antlers to unravel; two wait for the cicadas to start singing; three wait for the half-summer born." Although the deer and rice belong to the same family, but the ancients believe that the two belong to the yin and one belongs to the yang. Deer's horn toward the front, so belongs to Yang. Summer solstice yin and yang began to decline, so the masculine antlers will begin to fall off. And because of the yin, so in the winter solstice, the horns only fall off. The second wait for the "cicadas began to sound" of the cicada, written in ancient times, "product", there are many types of cicadas, there are Liang cicada (colorful cicadas), Tang cicada (big cicada), cold cicada (autumn and song), summer cicada (summer song) and so on many kinds of. Summer cicadas are also called robins, and the male robins will sound their wings after the summer solstice when they feel the birth of Yin Qi. Half-summer is a shade-loving herb that is born in midsummer in marshes or paddy fields, so it is also a shade-loving plant. From this, it can be seen that in the hot midsummer, some yin-loving creatures begin to appear, while the yang creatures begin to decline.

(11) Xiao Xiaoshu (小暑)

is at 105 degrees of the sun's yellow longitude, around July 7 on the Gregorian calendar. At this time, the weather is already hot, but has not yet reached the extreme point, so it is called "small summer". By the time the summer, it is already green, the feeling of heat gradually come up, the highest temperature can reach 40 ℃ or more. Small summer is the most precipitation throughout the year, and there will be heavy rain, thunderstorms and hail, "big summer, small summer, irrigation death of rats," the farmer's proverb, is that this period of time is very rainy.

The first three seasons of the Mangshan Festival are: "The first is the birth of the praying mantis; the second is the beginning of the bird's song; the third is the reverse of the tongue without sound." In other words, in this festival, the eggs laid by the praying mantis in late fall last year break their shells and give birth to baby mantises as they feel the first signs of yin. Then, the yin-loving Bird of Prey starts to appear on the branches and chirps in response to the yin. In contrast, the antitongue bird, which is able to learn from other birds, stopped singing because it sensed the emergence of yin energy. This shows that in our traditional philosophical theories, it is believed that everything in the world will decline after a long period of time, and will flourish after a long period of time. While the weather is hot, it is also the time when the yin qi is first born.

(12) Great Heat

It is at 120 degrees of the sun's yellow longitude, around July 22 on the Gregorian calendar. The Great Summer is the hottest season of the year, hotter than the Little Summer, so it is called the Great Summer. At this time around the second volts, many places in the Yangtze River basin, often more than 40 ℃ high temperature weather. In this season of unbearable heat, heat stroke prevention and cooling work can not be ignored. This festival rain, the proverb says "small summer, big summer, drowned rats".

The three signs of the summer heat are: "the first sign of fireflies; the second sign of muggy soil; and the third sign of heavy rain." There are more than two thousand kinds of fireflies in the world, divided into aquatic and terrestrial two kinds, terrestrial fireflies lay eggs on the dead grass, the summer, fireflies oviposited, so the ancients believe that fireflies are rotting grass into. Dream of the Red Chamber" in the shortest riddle is "flower", the answer is "firefly", that is, take its "grass into firefly" meaning. The second is that the weather starts to become hot and the land is wet. The third is that from time to time there are big thunderstorms, heavy rain makes the heat and humidity weakened, the weather began to transition to the beginning of autumn.

3. Climatic Characteristics of the Six Seasons of Autumn

Autumn, heat, white dew, autumn equinox, cold dew, and frost are in the fall. Autumn climate characteristics, from hot to cool into the "yang fade yin long" transition stage. The characteristics of the festival are described as follows:

(13)Autumn

Autumn

Autumn in the Gregorian calendar on August 7 or 8, in the solar longitude 135 degrees. "Li" means beginning, and the beginning of autumn is a sign of the beginning of fall. Crops are almost ripe at this time.

Autumn means the beginning of the ripening of the grain. From this day onwards, we begin to enter the autumn, the autumn high, the moon is bright and the wind is clear, and the temperature gradually decreases from the hottest. There is a proverb that says: "the day of autumn cool wind to", that is, autumn is the beginning of the cool season, at this time the sultry weather of the summer days are no longer, people no longer have a sticky hot feeling. Although the weather is still in the heat, but known as the "autumn tiger" known as the hot weather has been different from the summer heat to make people bored.

The three signs of the beginning of autumn are: "The first sign of a cool breeze; the second sign of white dew; and the third sign of cold cicadas singing." This means that after the beginning of autumn, people will feel cool when the wind is blowing, and the wind at this time is different from the hot wind in the summer days. Then, there will be fog on the ground in the morning, and the cold cicadas that chirp in the fall will start to chirp.

(14)Heat Stroke

This occurs on August 23rd or 24th on the Gregorian calendar, at 150 degrees of the sun's yellow meridian. The "at" has the meaning of hiding, termination and second, the summer heat, that is to say, the hot summer is about to pass, soon to hide; also contains the fall and see the hot weather, second only to the meaning of summer, commonly known as the "autumn tiger".

Gu Tieqing, author of "Qingjia Records", said in describing the summer heat: "the local custom to the summer heat, the weather is still warm, about eighteen days and began to cool; Proverbs: eighteen pots of the summer heat, said the bathing eighteen days." It means that after the summer heat, you have to go through about eighteen days of sweating days.

The first three days of summer are: "The eagle is sacrificed to the birds; the second is the beginning of the world's cleanliness; the third is the harvest." In this festival, eagles begin to hunt birds in large quantities, and display them as offerings before eating them. Then everything in heaven and earth began to wither, filled with a solemn and murderous atmosphere. In ancient times, there was the saying of "Autumn Execution", which meant that the punishment was carried out in accordance with the killing atmosphere of heaven and earth. Lu Shi Chun Qiu (The Spring and Autumn Annals of Lu Shi) says, "Heaven and earth are in a state of purity, and one cannot win." That is to say, people are warned that autumn is the season of not being proud but being restrained. The third wait "Wo Nai Deng" of the "Wo" refers to the millet, millet, rice, sorghum crops in general, "Deng" that is the meaning of maturity.

(15) White Dew

When the calendar September 8 or 9, at 165 degrees of yellow longitude. At this time the crops are about to ripen, the "Autumn Tiger" will pass, the climate turns cooler, the temperature difference between the morning and evening of the day, morning and evening cool, hot at noon. Because the temperature is lowering faster, the night temperature has reached the conditions of white dew, therefore, the dew condensation more, heavier, showing white dew, hence the name.

The three seasons of White Dew are: "The first season is when the geese come; the second season is when the birds return; and the third season is when the birds raise their shyness." It is said that this festival is the geese and swallows and other migratory birds fly south to avoid the cold, the birds began to store dry fruits and grains in preparation for the winter. It can be seen that the white dew is actually a symbol of cooler weather.

(16) Autumnal Equinox

This is on September 23rd or 24th in the Gregorian calendar, at 180 degrees of yellow longitude. At this time, the sun is directly on the equator, that is, at the intersection of the yellow equator, the day and night are equally divided, so it is called the autumn equinox. It is the festival of crop ripening and harvesting. As the weather turns cooler in the northern hemisphere, migratory birds such as geese, swallows and cuckoos begin to fly in flocks from the progressively colder north to the south.

After the autumnal equinox, the daily precipitation is also not very large, and the chance of torrential rain and heavy rain is very small, but the number of precipitation increases. It is exactly "an autumn rain is a cold, ten autumn rain is good to wear cotton."

The autumn equinox is: "The thunder begins to close its voice; the stinging insect blanks the door; the water begins to dry up." The ancients believed that the thunder is because of the yang qi and sound, after the autumn equinox yin qi began to flourish, so no longer thunder. The word "billet" in the second wait is the meaning of fine soil, that is to say, due to the cold weather, the stinging insects began to hide in the cave, and with fine soil to seal up the hole to prevent the cold from invading. The word "water begins to dry up" means that rainfall begins to decrease at this time, and because the weather is dry and water vapor evaporates quickly, the amount of water in lakes and rivers becomes less, and some swamps and puddles dry up.

(17)Cold Dew

On October 9 or 10 of the Gregorian calendar, it is at 195 degrees of yellow longitude. At this time the temperature is lower, more dew, the climate from the mid-autumn cool gradually turned cold, there is a possibility of freezing dew, the morning and evening is more obvious, so it is called cold dew.

After the white dew, the weather turned cooler, dew began to appear, to the cold dew, the dew day more, and the temperature is even lower. Therefore, some people say, cold is the dew of gas, first white and then cold, is the climate gradually turn cold meaning. At this time some areas of China will appear frost. The north has been a late fall scene, white clouds and red leaves, and occasionally see early frost. The southern part of the autumn is also thick, cicada silence lotus residue. Because of this time less cloudy, so there is plenty of light, is the largest rate of sunshine throughout the year, known as the autumn high.

The cold dew three wait for: "a wait for the wild geese to guests; the second wait for the bird people water for clams; the third wait for the chrysanthemum has yellow China." In this festival, geese move southward in a big way in a formation of one character or herringbone. The "big water" in the second wait refers to the sea, and ancient legend has it that the clams and shellfish on the seashore were transformed by three kinds of birds diving into the water. In late autumn, when it was cold, the birds disappeared, and the ancients saw a lot of clams suddenly appearing on the seashore, and the stripes and colors of the shells were very similar to those of the birds, so they thought that they were turned into birds. The third wait of "chrysanthemums" means that chrysanthemums are generally open at this time. Ancient people believed that autumn is the season of earth, and earth is yellow, so the flowers in this season are yellow chrysanthemums. Chrysanthemum is a flower that has been recorded in our country since early times. In the September chapter of Xia Xiaozheng, there is the phrase "Rongju", which is the ancient character for chrysanthemum, indicating that chrysanthemums opened in September.

(18) frost

On October 23rd or 24th of the Gregorian calendar, at 210 degrees of yellow longitude. At this time the climate has become increasingly cold, frost at night, the morning is cold and cloudy, white frost began to appear. The temperature varies greatly throughout the day, and there are often cold air intrusions, which cause the temperature to plummet.

This time the weather becomes cold, dew condenses into frost and falls, so it is called frost. Frost is the last festival of the fall season, and it is the excessive festival from fall to winter, and the lowest temperature can reach about 0℃.

Frost is near the ground air in the water vapor on the ground or plants directly condensed into ice crystals, white and loose structure, frost all over the grass, trees, soil and stone, commonly known as frost, and after the frost-covered vegetables, eat up the taste is particularly delicious. In our culture, for the frost, is not very good. The Huainanzi said: "Autumn March, the green woman is out of the snow frost, frost is also funeral, Yin gas condensation, its gas is poisonous, things are all lost." So the ancients also called the women of the dead men as the remains of the frost.

The three frosts are: "one waiting for the jackal is a sacrificial beast; two waiting for the grass and trees to fall; three waiting for the stinging insects Ham bent." This is to say that this festival in the jackal will capture the prey will be displayed before eating, the leaves on the ground withered and yellow fall, insect demolition bugs are all in the hole does not move not eat, drooping head into hibernation.