Similarities and differences between bel canto and national singing

Similarities and differences between bel canto and national singing

The word bel canto comes from Italian bel canto, which means exquisite and beautiful singing. It is a singing method that emphasizes the beauty of sound, and intonation is more important than recitation or drama. National singing, in a broad sense, refers to singing including opera, folk art, folk songs and songs of these three styles; In a narrow sense, it mainly refers to the technical methods and rules used in singing vocal music works with strong national style, and is a general term for "national folk singing method" and "combination of Chinese and Western singing method".

bel canto

Bel canto mainly refers to a singing style and method that was produced in Italy in the17th century.

Bel canto requires natural sound, loud and clear voice, beautiful and pure timbre, appropriate round and coherent * * * sound, extra heavy starting method, clever sliding sound, stable sustained sound, fading and regular decorative sound. Its purpose is to make the melody more gorgeous, flexible, mellow and brilliant, the pitch more accurate and the sound more penetrating. Rossini, a famous Italian opera composer, believes that bel canto should have three requirements: first, it should have a natural and beautiful voice, which can keep the voice uniform throughout the singing range. Secondly, after strict training, I can easily sing extremely gorgeous and superb music works. Thirdly, by listening to and appreciating excellent Italian singers, we can fully master the style of Bel Canto. These three requirements make a scientific and complete summary of Bel Canto.

17 and 18 centuries, bel canto was in a period of vigorous development, and eunuchs appeared in Europe, who pushed bel canto to the peak. In the history of vocal music, people call this period the golden age of Bel Canto. However, because their singing skills were too ostentatious, their singing was divorced from reality and lacked realism, with the development of society, especially after the French bourgeois revolution, people advocated the authenticity of art, and eunuchs were gradually eliminated and eventually withdrew from the historical stage. After entering the19th century, bel canto has made new progress. Italian operas represented by Rossini, Doni Zeiler and Beligni and French operas by Meyer boldly adopted natural boys and girls instead of eunuchs. By the middle of19th century, aria in opera had become an important part of Bel Canto. At this point, vocal music singing has become the fashion and trend of vocal music technology development with its more masculine, impassioned and powerful voice.

With the development of science and technology, Bel Canto has made brilliant achievements in vocal music theory and voice research since19th century. During this period, there appeared four schools of Bel Canto, namely, Garcia and his son singing school, Dululi school, Jean de Reske school and Lan Roland and his son singing school. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the publication of the famous German soprano Lily Lyman's vocal monograph My Singing Art, she collected 40 years of singing experience and made a big step forward through practical discussion.

Bel canto has become a favorite and respected singing method for singers all over the world. Since the 20th century, the most important representatives of Bel Canto are Italian tenor caruso (Enrico Caruso 1873- 192 1) and Italian tenor Geely (Beniano Geely 1890- 1957). American Greek sopranos Maria Callas/KOOC-0/927-/KOOC-0/977, Luciano Pavarotti/KOOC-0/935-Domingo (placido domingo/KOOC-0/94/KOOC-0/-), carreras (Jose Carl). Their singing embodies the advantages and characteristics of Bel Canto, shows the essence of Bel Canto to the world, and makes contributions to the development of human vocal art.

National singing method

In China, people's understanding of Bel Canto is a relatively broad concept, that is, the traditional singing method based on Italian singing pronunciation technology. Including operas, oratorios and concerts. Although different countries have different language features and different aesthetics, the basic vocal requirements are relatively consistent, forming a so-called "Bel Canto" with universal significance.

The national singing method is that our people, according to their own aesthetic habits and the pronunciation of Chinese language and characters, absorb the advantages of western Bel Canto singing on the basis of traditional opera singing and folk song natural singing, and collectively refer to the vocal skills used in singing folk songs and songs with strong national style as national singing method.

For thousands of years, our ancestors created splendid and civilized music culture and beautiful folk songs. From Wind, Elegance and Ode to today's new folk songs, they are all the crystallization of the wisdom of working people. At the same time, it also produced a unique singing style. The earliest folk songs in China were basically sung in pure tones (people call them loud voices). This way of singing is real and natural, which makes people feel cordial. Folk songs in some places in the north, such as "Flowers" in Qinghai, are sung in a falsetto in a high-pitched area, which is very distinctive. This primitive singing method is closely combined with language and has a strong local style, usually rap. Its sound quality is bright, and the sound is in the front position. This kind of voice has obvious shortcomings because of its shallow breathing, few * * * sounds and insufficient softness and roundness.

After 1950s, China's national singing began to be professional. Some conservatories have set up national vocal music courses and national vocal music research institutions. While inheriting traditional vocal methods such as opera, rap and folk songs, they boldly learn from the vocal principles of Bel Canto and absorb the advantages of Bel Canto in breathing, vocalization and singing, making national vocal music more scientific. Some outstanding national singers were sent to the Conservatory of Music for formal training, which made the national vocal music enter a normal and virtuous cycle of development. During this period, many national vocal singers emerged in China, such as Cai Danzhuoma, Huang Hong, Ju Xiufang, Guo Song and He Jiguang. And a number of plays with national characteristics, such as Little Black Marriage, Hai Xia, Song of the Grassland, Red Sun in Keshan, Red Guards in Chihu, Third Sister Liu, Red Coral and Song of the Grassland.

After the reform and opening up, the new generation of national vocal music school inherited the singing method of national vocal music and carried it forward on this basis. For more than 20 years, national vocal music has gradually entered a glorious period, which is unique among the national singing schools in the world and has attracted worldwide attention. National vocal singers trained in China, such as Zhu Fengbo, Li Shuangjiang, Wu Yanze, David Jiang, Li Guyi, Yan Weiwen, Dong Wenhua and Song Zu Ying. , with its clear and pure voice, beautiful timbre, clear and accurate articulation and relaxed singing, is widely welcomed by people.

National singing has bright voice, advanced position, clear language, cordial and natural singing, and advocates emotion. In the use of breathing, we draw lessons from the traditional opera singing method of "Qi Shen Dan Tian", and in the use of * * * singing method, we use the * * singing method of oropharyngeal cavity and head cavity more, hold the frontal sinus and eyebrows tightly, and make the sound focus on the front. The throat position of the singer who uses national singing is slightly higher than that of Bel Canto, which does not hinder singing, but it must be in a relatively stable position. The requirements of relaxing the jaw, opening the jaw, lifting the laughing muscles, flattening the tongue, relaxing the neck and shoulders, and emphasizing the muscle strength of the waist and abdomen are consistent with Bel Canto. In recent years, the national singing boldly absorbed the essence of Bel Canto, and made a bold attempt in the vocal method in the high-pitched area on the principle of maintaining our national style, which solved the singing problem in the high-pitched area in the national singing method and was a new breakthrough in the national singing method. Not only that, in our country, we have also won people's recognition and love through Bel Canto or Bel Canto nationalization. For example, the rising sun on the grassland, I love Wuzhishan, I love Wanquan River, dripping water from the rock mouth, and excerpts from traditional Chinese opera. It emphasizes the depth of breathing, the smoothness of sound, the mixed use of chest cavity, oropharyngeal cavity and head cavity, the support and confrontation of breath, and the method of closing or covering up the high-pitched area. Some songs such as That's Me, Star of Life, I Love You, China, and Unfortunate Life belong to national bel canto. Although it sounds beautiful, these works written by China people are permeated with the unique aesthetic ideal and taste of the Chinese nation, and all of them embody the inherent national style and characteristics. Bel canto and Bel canto nationalization are the result of the mutual integration and influence of Chinese and western cultures, and also a great achievement in the development of vocal music education in China.

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