Architectural characteristics of Anhui folk houses

White-walled tiles, patchwork horse-headed walls, patios with four waters returning to the hall, high walls and deep houses, surrounded by green water, constitute the houses in southern Anhui with strong cultural characteristics of Weizhou. Its characteristics are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1, architectural color?

The color of residential buildings in southern Anhui is fresh and elegant. The building is dominated by white walls, black tiles and gray-blue bricks, and the corners are mostly gray strips of bluestone or pebbles, black,

White and gray constitute the main colors of ancient residential buildings. Simple white walls and black tiles blend with the quiet beauty of local mountains and rivers, giving people an elegant and lively aesthetic feeling. This ink painting

The artistic conception is picturesque and meaningful, which makes the basic characteristics of traditional houses in southern Anhui have regional characteristics.

2. Architectural style

The architectural style of residential buildings in southern Anhui is quite distinctive. The architectural style of Matou gable is adopted. The gable at both ends of the house is higher than the roof and roof ridge, and the roof is closed with horizontal gable eaves. in order to avoid

The height between the gable cornice and the roof is too high, and the form of gradually decreasing towards the cornice is adopted, which not only saves materials, but also makes the gables patchwork and changeable.

This practice was originally for fire prevention, so

Commonly known as "uphill wall". It breaks the monotony of general walls and increases the aesthetic feeling of buildings. Some big houses are made up of several and dozens of houses with different orientations, and there are also horse-headed walls.

Wrong direction. In addition, the width and depth of the house are different, and the terrain changes, so the height of the horse head wall is different, forming a richer spatial change.

3. Practical and beautiful leaking well

The basic form of folk houses in southern Anhui is courtyard layout, with rooms facing south, supplemented by east and west sides, and a long courtyard in the middle, forming a mouth shape on the plane. There is also a hall at the entrance.

Zigzag layout, as well as the Japanese courtyard combination in which the front and rear courtyards are repeatedly spliced.

This quadrangle in southern Anhui is different from that in the north, and it is also different from that in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The courtyard in the north consists of the main room and the wing rooms on the east and west sides. The courtyard is very large, and the buildings on all sides are separated from the courtyard. Individual courtyards in Jiangsu and Zhejiang are slightly smaller, and a house is generally only used by one family, but the east and west rooms are distinct and still used as formal rooms.

Folk houses in southern Anhui are different. Its main room is located in the south, while the east-west direction is the secondary and auxiliary room, and the room is small, generally with the properties of verandah, stairs, storage and so on. Because of this, the patio is narrow. this

In addition to lighting, ventilation, receiving and removing rainwater from the roof, the courtyard is a supplement to the building space and a part of infiltration and integration with the building.

Because the patio is relatively narrow, the disturbance of sandstorm to the patio is relatively small, so a patio door can be opened in the south hall, or there is no door at all, which is almost a unity with the patio. Looking at the hospital in the hall and looking at the hall in the hospital complement each other.

However, from hall to courtyard, from courtyard to hall is almost a world. This coincides with the "flowing space" of modern architecture.

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4. Architectural decoration?

Ingenious and changeable beam frame structure The beam frame structure of the houses in southern Anhui is all wood structure, with ingenious beam frame structure, colorful decoration and obvious local characteristics. The middle part of the moon beam is slightly arched, and the two ends are engraved with circular or oblate patterns. The middle part is often carved into various patterns, making the whole body look extremely magnificent. These beams are generally covered with tung oil without colored paint, which is particularly simple and elegant and has a high style for Huizhou residents.

Cultural accomplishment and aesthetic reflection.

5. Exquisite carving and decoration

Architectural sculpture is one of the most important and prominent features of Huizhou folk houses. Almost every building material in Huizhou folk houses can be used for carving, and every building component has carving.

Form a beautiful and elegant architectural art style. Sculpture can be divided into brick carving, wood carving and stone carving. Among them, the main decorative parts of brick carving are the door cover, the gatehouse, the splayed wall and the end of the horse head wall.

Its carving content and theme are extremely rich, including immortal figures, pavilions, houses, birds and animals, flowers, still life and so on. In order to express the vivid characters and the subjective feelings of the balcony, Gao Piao is often used.

Carving techniques, through carving and semi-circular carving.

6. Group layout of residential buildings in southern Anhui?

Southern Anhui is characterized by hills, streams and ponds everywhere, and the layout of houses is mostly based on mountains and rivers, emphasizing freestyle layout. The man is built on the mountain, and the man is built on the water, and the residential area is week.

Clever combination with the surrounding environment has formed a beautiful rural landscape. For example, Qishe Village in Huangshan City is located on the bank of Fengle Reservoir, facing Bihu Lake in front and leaning against Qingshan Mountain in the back. Pingshan village in Yixian county follows a road.

On both sides of the winding stream, there are various unified and diverse houses, and the buildings pass through the stream to form a beautiful picture, which is a typical "small bridge and flowing water" scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. ?

Extended data:

Representative scenic spots of residential buildings in southern Anhui

Hongcun 1

Hongcun, located at the southern foot of Huangshan Mountain, is away from yi county County 1 1 km. It is a strange cow-shaped ancient village in the ancient Peach Blossom Garden, which was called Hongcun in ancient times. Hongcun is the most representative of many Huizhou residential villages in southern Anhui.

From the overall appearance, Hongcun is a peculiar cow-shaped ancient village in the Peach Blossom Garden of the ancient Miao nationality, which has both the interest of Shan Ye and the scenery of water town, and is known as "the village in Chinese painting". Every household in the village is connected by waterways, and gurgling spring water flows from every household. The buildings are stacked with lakes and mountains, and the scenery is everywhere, step by step. In the leisurely pace, the feeling of leisure is so strong that people are enchanted.

More than 40 well-preserved Ming and Qing residential buildings in the village/kloc-0. Famous scenic spots include: South Lake Scenery, South Lake Academy, Moon Bay Xiao Chun, Niuchang Water Town, Shuangxi Screen Wall, Pavilion-front Tree, Leigang Zhao Xi, Shu Ren Hall and Ming Taizu Hall Xule Hall.

2. Xidi

Xidi is located in the southeast of yi county. Xidi Village is surrounded by mountains, and two streams meet at Huiyuan Bridge in the south of the village, passing through the village from the north and the east of the village respectively. The village takes a vertical street and two downstream roads as the main skeleton, which constitutes a village street system extending mainly to the east and north and south.

Streets and alleys are all paved with Yixian bluestone, and ancient buildings are maintained with wooden structures and brick walls. Wood carving, stone carving and brick carving are rich and colorful, and lanes, streams and buildings are properly laid out. The change of village space is full of charm, and the architectural color is simple and elegant, which embodies the outstanding talents and achievements in the construction of human settlements in ancient villages in southern Anhui, and has high historical, artistic and scientific value.

There are 124 ancient dwellings and 3 ancestral halls in Ming and Qing dynasties, which have been listed as key cultural relics protection units in Anhui province.

Baidu encyclopedia-Anhui dwellings