The division of pauses in classical Chinese reading

1. How to divide the rhythm of reading classical Chinese sentences;

First, there should be a pause after the auxiliary word (also called the first word) and the related word.

Second, ancient times were two monosyllabic words, and modern Chinese is a disyllabic word, so we should read it separately.

Third, pause in word order, that is, pause according to "subject-predicate object", "adverbial predicate" and "verb complement", that is, pause between subject and predicate, verb and complement (generally not pause between attribute and head word) to make the meaning obvious.

Fourth, adverbial nouns and headwords should be read together, that is, when nouns are adverbials, they usually pause before words, and adverbials and headwords cannot be read separately. If you read it separately, you will mistake the adverbial for the subject and change the meaning of the sentence.

There should be a pause after the word "and". However, if the word "er" plays a later role in a sentence, it can't stop, that is, the word "er" can't be read separately from the following words, but should be read continuously.

1. If "er" is connected with an adjective (or adverb) and a verb in a sentence, that is, "adjective (adverb)+er+verb", then the preceding adjective or adverb acts as an adverbial to modify the following verb and cannot be read separately.

2. If "he" is connected with two verbs in a sentence, that is, "verb+and+verb", then "he" means sequential connection, that is, the previous action occurs and the latter action occurs immediately. At this time, "he" can't stop, but should be continuous with the latter verb.

3. "Er" connects two words with the same part of speech (that is, two nouns, two verbs and two adjectives), indicating a coordinate relationship, which is equivalent to "He", "You", "He" or not translated. There should be no pause after "er" at this time.

4. The word "He" indicates transitive relationship, which is equivalent to "He", "Yu", "Gang" or no translation.

Sixth, the rhythm pause should reflect the original appearance of the sentence structure.

Seven, the rhythm pause should reflect the ellipsis.

Eight, to understand the ancient country name, year number, official position, title, historical facts and place names, otherwise it will easily lead to reading pause errors.

Nine, "ye" is used in sentences to indicate a pause, and then pause when reading aloud. If you are an auxiliary word at the end of a sentence, don't stop.

Ten, pause reflects the jurisdiction of keywords.

Eleven, four words, five words, six words, seven words, etc. With neat sentence patterns, you can read with the same pause when reading aloud, so that the tone and intonation can be connected in one breath.

Three laws of rhythm division in classical Chinese sentences;

Firstly, according to the grammatical structure of classical Chinese sentences, the reading rhythm (subject, predicate and object) is determined.

Second, determine the reading rhythm according to function words or summary words such as head words, modal particles and related words.

Third, the inversion of the sentence should be suspended.

It is also important to understand the meaning of the text correctly, because it is the premise to determine the pause rhythm of classical Chinese. While summing up experience, lay a solid foundation of classical Chinese and let yourself have a good sense of classical Chinese.

At this time/for the next description/no.

At this moment, I want to use a word to describe the present situation, but I can't remember it.

Like guests/the salary is low/often not enough.

I like to entertain guests, my salary is meager, and I often leave no surplus food.

These sentences are divided into pauses according to the third law of rhythm: pauses according to the language order, that is, pauses according to "subject-predicate-object", "adverbial predicate" and "verb-complement" to make the meaning obvious; The sixth law of harmony: rhythm pause should reflect the original appearance of sentence structure.

A.yu liked studying when he was young.

Translation: I especially liked reading books when I was a child.

B. this sentence should be changed to: benefit from praise/sage's way

As an adult at the age of twenty, I admire the theory of ancient sages even more.

C. Enjoy the taste of no/fresh fertilizer

There is nothing fresh and fat to enjoy.

D. Ye Ran/Ruo Renshen

Translation: radiant, like a god.

The pause of these sentences is based on the tenth rule of the above rhythm division: pause should reflect the jurisdiction of keywords.

Here item A highlights "when you are young", so it is right to pause after "when you are young"; Item B emphasizes "Mu Yi", so it is right to pause after "Mu Yi". Moreover, "the way of sages" is a complete phrase that cannot be separated, so this item is wrong; Item c emphasizes that there is no fresh and delicious meat and vegetables, and it is right to pause after "no"; Item D is wonderful, so it is right to pause after "Ye Ran".

2. How to divide the reading rhythm of classical Chinese?

First, there should be a pause after the auxiliary word (also called the first word) and the related word.

Second, ancient times were two monosyllabic words, and modern Chinese is a disyllabic word, so we should read it separately.

Third, pause in word order, that is, pause according to "subject-predicate object", "adverbial predicate" and "verb complement", that is, pause between subject and predicate, verb and complement (generally not pause between attribute and head word) to make the meaning obvious.

Fourth, adverbial nouns and headwords should be read together, that is, when nouns are adverbials, they usually pause before words, and adverbials and headwords cannot be read separately. If you read it separately, you will mistake the adverbial for the subject and change the meaning of the sentence.

There should be a pause after the word "and". However, if the word "er" plays a later role in a sentence, it can't stop, that is, the word "er" can't be read separately from the following words, but should be read continuously.

1. If "er" is connected with an adjective (or adverb) and a verb in a sentence, that is, "adjective (adverb)+er+verb", then the preceding adjective or adverb acts as an adverbial to modify the following verb and cannot be read separately.

2. If "he" is connected with two verbs in a sentence, that is, "verb+and+verb", then "he" means sequential connection, that is, the previous action occurs and the latter action occurs immediately. At this time, "he" can't stop, but should be continuous with the latter verb.

3. "Er" connects two words with the same part of speech (that is, two nouns, two verbs and two adjectives), indicating a coordinate relationship, which is equivalent to "He", "You", "He" or not translated. There should be no pause after "er" at this time.

4. The word "He" indicates transitive relationship, which is equivalent to "He", "Yu", "Gang" or no translation.

Sixth, the rhythm pause should reflect the original appearance of the sentence structure.

Seven, the rhythm pause should reflect the ellipsis.

Eight, to understand the ancient country name, year number, official position, title, historical facts and place names, otherwise it will easily lead to reading pause errors.

Nine, "ye" is used in sentences to indicate a pause, and then pause when reading aloud. If you are an auxiliary word at the end of a sentence, don't stop.

Ten, pause reflects the jurisdiction of keywords.

Eleven, four words, five words, six words, seven words, etc. With neat sentence patterns, you can read with the same pause when reading aloud, so that the tone and intonation can be connected in one breath.

Three laws of rhythm division in classical Chinese sentences;

Firstly, according to the grammatical structure of classical Chinese sentences, the reading rhythm (subject, predicate and object) is determined.

Second, determine the reading rhythm according to function words or summary words such as head words, modal particles and related words.

Third, the inversion of the sentence should be suspended.

It is also important to understand the meaning of the text correctly, because it is the premise to determine the pause rhythm of classical Chinese. While summing up experience, lay a solid foundation of classical Chinese and let yourself have a good sense of classical Chinese.

At this time/for the next description/no.

At this moment, I want to use a word to describe the present situation, but I can't remember it.

Like guests/the salary is low/often not enough.

I like to entertain guests, my salary is meager, and I often leave no surplus food.

These sentences are divided into pauses according to the third law of rhythm: pauses according to the language order, that is, pauses according to "subject-predicate-object", "adverbial predicate" and "verb-complement" to make the meaning obvious; The sixth law of harmony: rhythm pause should reflect the original appearance of sentence structure.

A.yu liked studying when he was young.

Translation: I especially liked reading books when I was a child.

B. this sentence should be changed to: benefit from praise/sage's way

As an adult at the age of twenty, I admire the theory of ancient sages even more.

C. Enjoy the taste of no/fresh fertilizer

There is nothing fresh and fat to enjoy.

D. Ye Ran/Ruo Renshen

Translation: radiant, like a god.

The pause of these sentences is based on the tenth rule of the above rhythm division: pause should reflect the jurisdiction of keywords.

Here item A highlights "when you are young", so it is right to pause after "when you are young"; Item B emphasizes "Mu Yi", so it is right to pause after "Mu Yi". Moreover, "the way of sages" is a complete phrase that cannot be separated, so this item is wrong; Item c emphasizes that there is no fresh and delicious meat and vegetables, and it is right to pause after "no"; Item D is wonderful, so it is right to pause after "Ye Ran".

3. The division method of pause in classical Chinese reading Original Press: * * Asia

The division method of pause in classical Chinese reading

Chapter one: the division method of reading pause in classical Chinese.

Reading is an important aspect of language ability, and the pause in sentences, especially in classical Chinese, is an important embodiment of reading ability. There are six situations: pay attention to pause.

1, there should be a pause between the subject and the predicate.

There should be a pause between the predicate and the object.

There should be a pause between the predicate center and the prepositional phrase.

There should be a pause between "Gu Er and Jin Yi".

There should be a pause after the related words.

6. There should be a pause after the general introduction.

Third, the method of guidance.

There are several ways to determine the pause in a paragraph:

1, there should be a pause after the auxiliary word (also called the first word) and the related word. In classical Chinese, there are some function words placed at the beginning of a sentence, which play the role of emphasizing mood or guiding the whole sentence or even the whole paragraph. Commonly used sentence words and related words mainly include the following:

The first words in the sentence (1) are: Zhi, Ruo, Zhi Ruo, Ruofu, Gairan, Ran Ze, Qi Ruozhi, Yi, Cheng Yi, Zhe, Qi and so on.

For example, if it rains in spring, it will be appropriate to open a holy court in Beitong Martial Arts.

(2) Related words: cut, although, because, only, therefore, etc.

Like earth and stone? Even if I die, God will be responsible for it. /people are like earth and stone.

When reading, pause after these words, and you can't read the following words.

2. There were two monosyllabic words in ancient times and one disyllabic word in modern Chinese, which should be read separately. For example:

(1) so the day will/is also.

(2) can/and the first world war.

(3) The sound of middle/middle force collapsing. 49(2c7 If the inflection word appears at the beginning of the sentence. For example, there should be a pause between predicate and complement. Warn 2

4. The division method of sentence rhythm in classical Chinese: 1. There should be a pause after the auxiliary word (also called the first word of the sentence) and the related word; 2. There were two monosyllabic words in ancient times and one disyllabic word in modern Chinese, which should be read separately; 3. Pause in linguistic order, that is, pause according to "subject-predicate object" and "adverbial predicate". The pause between subject and predicate, verb and complement (there is generally no pause between attribute and head word) makes the meaning obvious. Fourth, read adverbial nouns and headwords continuously, that is, when nouns are adverbials, they usually stop before words, and adverbials and headwords cannot be read separately. If you read it separately, you will mistake the adverbial for the subject and change the meaning of the sentence. Then you can't stop, that is to say, the word "er" can't be read separately from the following words, but you should read it continuously. 1. If "er" is connected with an adjective (or adverb) and a verb in a sentence, that is, "adjective (adverb)+and+verb", then the preceding adjective or adverb acts as an adverbial to modify the following verb and cannot be read separately. Then "er" means sequential connection, that is, the previous action occurs and the latter action occurs immediately. At this time, "er" can't stop, and it should be continuous with the verbs behind it. 3. "Er" connects two words with the same part of speech (that is, two nouns, two verbs and two adjectives), indicating a coordinate relationship, which is equivalent to "He", "You" and "He". It is equivalent to "in addition", "and", "JIU" or no translation. Sixth, the rhythm pause should reflect the original appearance of sentence structure. Seventh, the rhythm pause should reflect the ellipsis. Eighth, we should know the ancient country name, year number, official position, title, historical facts and place names, otherwise it will easily lead to reading pause errors. Ninth, "Ye" is used to indicate pause in a sentence. Pause after reading aloud. If you are an auxiliary at the end of a sentence, don't stop. 10. Pause should reflect the jurisdiction of keywords. 1 1. Four words, five words, six words, seven words and so on. You can read with the same pause when reading in neat sentence patterns. Make the tone convey in one breath. There are three rules to divide the rhythm of classical Chinese sentences: one is to determine the reading rhythm (subject, predicate and object) according to the grammatical structure of classical Chinese sentences; Second, determine the reading rhythm according to function words or summary words such as head words, modal particles and related words; Third, there is a pause when the sentence is inverted. It is also important to understand the meaning correctly, because it determines the pause rhythm of classical Chinese.

5. How to divide the reading rhythm of classical Chinese? The division method of reading rhythm of classical Chinese sentences: 1. There should be a pause after the first word and related words in the sentence.

In classical Chinese, some function words are placed at the beginning of a sentence to emphasize the tone or get the whole sentence or even the whole paragraph. For example, there should be a pause after these words, such as "Fu", "Gai", "So", "Wei", "Zhi Ruo" and "Cheng".

For example: husband/ring and attack it; Cover/simplify the peach pit and trim the narrow; Therefore, two connected monosyllabic words in classical Chinese must be read separately and cannot be read as disyllabic compounds. For example, it is possible/with World War I; The sound of middle/middle force collapsing; Therefore, the sky will fall/people. 3. Deal with pauses in linguistic order, that is, there should be pauses between subject and predicate, and there should be pauses between verb and object.

For example: Meimu/Meiyin; Q/What is this world? Engraved/Tang xian's poems of modern people are endowed on it. 4. Nouns used as adverbials should be read together with the central word, that is, when nouns are used as adverbials, they usually pause before the words, and adverbials and central words cannot be read separately. For example: first, the dog sits/sits in front; Xing Shan/Liu Qili 5. The pause in reading should reflect the ellipsis, and you can't read it as if there were no ellipsis.

For example: one drum/breath, then/and drop, three/and exhaust 6, use the understanding of the text to determine the pause. When reading classical Chinese, we should understand the meaning of the text according to the context. Only by accurately understanding the meaning of the text can we pause accurately.

For example, good doctors do not cure diseases/take merits; If you live high in a temple, you will worry about your people. For example: wild vegetables/wild bream; There are fertile fields/beautiful ponds/mulberry trees and bamboo here. 8. Can't stop the situation: positive phrases: for example, and/neighbor's life/Japanese squatting phrases: for example, insufficient/outsiders/Taoist priests; Birth/suffering; 9. See the country name, year number, official position, historical facts and place names in classical Chinese clearly and never read them.

For example: Yushan/Wang Yi/Shu/Ke 10, there should be a pause between poems. The reading of ancient poems has its rules, generally speaking, it is a pause of two words, that is, a pause of syllables.

For example: several places/early warblers/competitions/warm trees; Tianmen/Interrupt/Chujiang/Open can also pause according to the unit of meaning: for example, several early warblers/competing for warm trees; Tianmen is interrupted/Chu River is opened.

6. How to divide the reading rhythm of classical Chinese in junior middle school? 323131335323631343136353333333333333333333333333333333333333333+03333333333333333 The principle of "things" is the first step to divide the reading rhythm of classical Chinese sentences. We must first analyze the relationship between the components of this sentence, sort out the trunk of this sentence, and understand what is the subject, predicate and object.

The second step is to divide a sentence according to the principle of subject-predicate pause and predicate-object pause, so as to divide the most obvious reading rhythm of a sentence. For example, Zou Ji satirizes the sentence "I really know that Xu Hongmei is not as good as Xu Hongmei" in The King of Qi, which means "I really know that Xu Hongmei is not as good as Xu Hongmei", and the trunk of the sentence is "I know that Xu Hongmei is not as good as Xu Hongmei", which corresponds to a classical Chinese sentence, so the subject of the sentence is "I know" and the predicate is "Xu Hongmei is not as good as Xu Hongmei".

Of course, the sentences that can be divided in this way must be subject-predicate sentences. Second, according to the form of "verb-object/verb-object", some sentences have subjects, predicates and objects, which form a subject-predicate structure, but what if some sentences have no subject-predicate structure? Don't worry, analyze it again and use the second method of "verb-object/verb-object" to divide it.

For example, there is a pause in the reading of the sentence "Leading a wife to this desperate situation" in Peach Blossom Garden. In this sentence, "leadership" means "leadership", which is a verb, and "leading his wife" is the content and object of "leadership", which is a verb-object structure. "Lai" is a verb, "this desperate situation" is a place to come, and "Lai" is an object and a verb-object structure.

On the whole, this sentence consists of two verb-object structures, so the pause in reading this sentence is "to lead his wife to this desperate place." How to divide longer sentences, such as "those who can slander me in the market will be rewarded", is this method applicable? Again, don't worry.

Now let's analyze it again: this sentence means "I can discuss my fault loudly in the market, and what I hear will be rewarded by inferiority". The verbs are "discuss", "let … hear" and "receive", while the verbs in classical Chinese sentences are "swear", "smell" and "receive". "Xia Shang" is the object of "acceptance". In this case, "who can slander the city" is a verb-object structure, "who hears my ears" is a verb-object structure, and "who receives Xia Shang" is also a verb-object structure. Then, whether the reading pause of this sentence is "Who can slander the city/hear my ears/receive Xia Shang" or third, according to the principle of "while the former comes first", there are some sentences that indicate the meaning transition in addition to the sentences with subject-predicate structure and verb-object structure, then we can use the third method to divide the reading rhythm: according to the principle of "while the former comes first".

For example, in My Fish, if you are right, you can make trouble without doing it. If you are right, you can make trouble without doing it. If you are right, you can make trouble without doing it. If you are right, you can make trouble without doing it. According to the principle of "before, before", the reading pause of this sentence is ". Another example is "10,000 minutes can be accepted without distinguishing propriety", which can be divided into "10,000 minutes can be accepted without distinguishing propriety" according to the principle of "before".

According to the principle of "before, before", the pause in reading can be divided into "when/when/when/when/when foreign patients are invincible". But there are also sentences, such as "When can I have fun?" How to divide it? Let's take a look: "Ranze" means a turning point, followed by "When to have fun" is the content of the turning point, but "Ranze" does not have the content of the previous meaning. This sentence is just a turning point in the meaning of the next sentence, which belongs to a simple sentence, so its division can only be "Zehou".

From this point of view, if a sentence is divided according to the principle of "the former is the former", then its content must be two or more layers, and its two meanings must appear at the same time, so that its rhythm division is correct, otherwise, this principle is incorrect. Fourth, with a sense of language, some sentences are divided according to their meanings. The above three methods can't be separated, so we have to rely on the sense of language and the method of sentence meaning.

This is the fourth division method I proposed. For example, in Born in Worry and Died in Happiness, people always make mistakes, and then they can change, which means that people often make mistakes, but then they can correct them. There is a pause in the tone, so the pause is natural and clear, and "people always make mistakes/then they can change".

Another example is the phrase "no confused ears" in Humble Room Inscription, which means "no noise of music disturbs my peace". "No confused ears" is the content of "nothing", and both are the elements of "nothing", so the pause in reading this sentence is "no confused ears". In addition, reading classical Chinese depends most on the sense of language, so it is natural to read more.

First of all, we should distinguish the components in a sentence, such as subject and predicate. Then find out additional components, such as adverbials of time and place, such as "today".

There are also modal particles and modal particles, such as "Ruofu", "Ruofu", "Honesty" and "Truth". The rest is only read in the order of subject and predicate, and the subject and predicate are separated from other components with short intervals.

7. What is the standard of reading rhythm of classical Chinese?

1. Prepare chicken and rice for me, old friend. Analysis: According to the rhythm form of' 212', it can be divided into: chicken and Xiaomi's old friends. It can also be divided into: old friends of chickens and millet according to the rhythm form of' two or three'.

Whose new swallow pecks at spring mud. Analysis: According to the rhythm form of' 223', it can be divided into: whose family? Xinyan? pecking at spring mud.

It can also be divided according to the rhythm form of' 2212': who is the new swallow, peck and spring mud. Second, two linked monosyllabic words must be read out loud.

1. Analysis:' so' is two monosyllabic words, which cannot be read continuously. The rhythm of this sentence should be divided into: heaven ╱ will ╱ drop ╱ great responsibility ╱ in ╱ is also a human being, and cannot be misinterpreted as: heaven ╱ will ╱ drop ╱ great responsibility.

2. Lead his wife and people to this desperate situation. Analysis:' wife' is two monosyllabic words, and there should be a pause in the middle of reading. The reading rhythm of this sentence should be divided into the desperate situation of rate/wife/son/Yi people/arrival, so don't misinterpret it as rate/wife/Yi people/arrival.

Third, pause after the modal particle at the beginning of the sentence. If the husband is at sunrise, the forest is blooming.

Analysis:' Ruofu' is a modal particle at the beginning of a sentence, and there is a pause after reading it. The reading rhythm of this sentence should be divided into: Ruofu-Sunrise-and Lin Feikai. 3. Gaidasu Pan-Chibi Cloud.

Analysis:' Gai' is the modal particle at the beginning of the sentence, and the reading rhythm of this sentence should be divided into: Gai, Dasu, Pan Chibi and Yun Si. According to the common sense of ancient culture, correctly divide the rhythm. 1. Wang Yishu, Yushan, just carved.

Analysis:' Yushan' is the name of the mountain, and then there is a pause when reading,' Wang Yi' is the name,' Shu' is the word, and there is also a pause when reading between the name and the word. Therefore, the rhyme of this sentence should be divided into: Yushan Wang Yishu ╱ engraving. Without common sense of ancient culture, it is difficult to correctly divide the rhythm of this sentence.

4. Assistant Minister Guo Youzhi. Analysis:' Shi Zhong' and' Shi Lang' are official names, and there is a pause after reading them, namely Shi Zhong/Shi Lang/Guo Youzhi.

5.' Ye' is a modal particle in the sentence, and then it should be paused. For example, I have heard about it for a long time.

Analysis: this sentence should be divided into such a rhythm:' I have been listening for a long time'. If you mistake' ye' as an adverbial before the predicate, it will be easily misunderstood as' long heard'.

Sixth, divide the rhythm according to the grammatical structure. Qin Shihuang was not mean to his ministers.

Analysis: "the first emperor" is the subject, "zhi" is the predicate, "minister meanness" is the object, and "Fei" is the adverbial of "zhi", so the rhythm of this sentence can be divided into: the first emperor ╱ not ╱ to ╱ minister meanness. If you don't know the grammatical structure of this sentence, it is easy to misunderstand it as: the first emperor ╱ is not ╱, the minister ╱ is despicable.

The anger of this mediocrity is also. Analysis:' this' is the subject of this sentence, and' the anger of mediocrity' is the predicate. So the rhythm of this sentence can be divided into: the anger of a mediocre person.

Can't be misinterpreted as: the anger of this mediocrity. Seven, reading compound sentence, the rhythm must be even, and four sentences are two words.

Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself: this is a four-character parallelism sentence, two sentences at a time, that is, don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself.

If you live high in the temple, you will worry about the people, and if you live far away from the rivers and lakes, you will worry about the king. Analysis: this is a non-four-word parallelism sentence, which can be divided into rhythms according to its meaning, that is, living in the temple is worrying about the people, while living in the rivers and lakes is worrying about the husband.

Eight, determine the pause according to the meaning. 1. A good doctor is honored for not treating diseases.

Analysis:' not sick', no sick people. To regard it as a merit is to regard it as a merit, and to cure the disease as one's own merit.

According to the context, the rhythm of this sentence can be divided into: a good doctor's treatment can't make the disease take credit, but it can't be misinterpreted as: a good doctor's treatment can't make the disease take credit. I don't know the happiness of being a satrap.

Analysis: the previous' le' is used as a verb for fun; After a' music', a noun, fun, happiness. Having fun is having fun.

Accordingly, this sentence can be divided into rhythms: harmony-ignorance-satrap is happy-and it can't be separated-ignorance-satrap is happy-and one of the dogs sits in front.

Analysis:' one', one of the wolves. "Dog" modifies the verb "left", that is, "like a dog".

So the rhythm of this sentence can be divided into: first, the dog sits in front, not: first, the dog sits in front.

8. Classical Chinese pause 1. Pause after a relative word or modal particle at the beginning of a sentence. Such as: (1) and/I don't know/Taishouzhi/Le Ye (Zuiweng Pavilion) (2) Ruofu/Yin (Yueyang Tower) (3) Gai/Dasu/Pan Chibiyun (nuclear boat) (4) and/or Yu Changma. 2. Some ancient and modern synonyms must be read separately. Such as: (1) and/or neighbor's life/days (On the Snake Catcher) (2) The sound of falling (Mouth Skill) 3. There is generally a pause between the subject and the predicate, between the predicate and the object and the complement. The verb-object structure will certainly not stop. For example, eating is not easy to stop at eating. Such as: (1) pond/not deep ("more help is gained, more help is lost") (2) borrowing light to stay in Germany/borrowing the late emperor (for example) (3) Sui/Xu Xiandi/borrowing to drive Chi (for example) 4. Where we need to emphasize, we generally need to pause. For example: (1) Worried about the world first (the story of Yueyang Tower) (2) Being out of/invincible to foreign patients (born of worry, died of happiness) 5. Use "ye" in the sentence to indicate the pause tone, and pause when reading aloud. Such as: Yu is also/for a long time (Shang Zhong Yong) ⑥. Elliptic sentences generally stop where they are omitted. (1) First, there is a dog (wolf) sitting in front; (2) must be divided into people (Cao Gui debate); (3) This person/one by one/disciple/has words and sounds (Peach Blossom Garden).