What kind of management system did the competing industrialists in ancient China implement?

In the Yuan Dynasty, in order to facilitate the compulsory recruitment of craftsmen for labor services, craftsmen were incorporated into special craftsmen's books. It was followed in the Ming Dynasty and abolished in the Qing Dynasty. This is a very distinctive system in ancient times, which stipulates that all industrialists and businessmen with handicrafts must serve the government from generation to generation, or serve regularly, and must not change jobs. In this way, skilled craftsmen lose the freedom to engage in other occupations or even migrate, divide the government into individual subordinate relationships and work in their departments for free. They are not allowed to be officials, not allowed to marry noble citizens, subject to various restrictions, and have low social status. In the later period of traditional society, this relationship was relaxed, and the government allowed them to use silver instead of service. Later, it was changed to employment, and the government paid labor at market prices.

Handicraft refers to an industry that uses simple tools and relies on manual labor to engage in small-scale production. At first, it was combined with agriculture and belonged to the cottage industry of farmers' sideline nature.