The Development of Western Traditional Management Thought

A: 1. Western management thought sprouted in the Renaissance and benefited from the establishment of western capitalist system in the world. It was formed at the end of 19 and the beginning of 20th century, and matured after World War II, that is, from the end of 1970s to the beginning of 1980s. The turning point is the world energy crisis of 1973. After the world energy crisis, a new political and economic pattern in the world began to sprout. By the end of the 1980s, due to the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, after several years of new adjustments, the world political and economic structure had been fixed, from the original axis country of the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II to a new pattern in which several political and economic powers coexisted, that is to say, the world changed from two poles to multi-poles. Under this new historical development background, governments all over the world have adjusted their political, diplomatic and economic policies one after another. Microscopically, enterprises in various countries are also facing new situations. Because the new international situation has changed from military competition to economic competition, the competition in the world market is more intense, and the survival and development of enterprises are particularly difficult. However, because people in the west are still addicted to the great economic success brought by the Second World War, people's thinking has not adapted to the changes in this new situation. In particular, Japan has become a world economic power in a short period of time, and European and American enterprises have repeatedly lost in international competition, which makes western business and management circles begin to think deeply about western management ideas, thus forming some different views and trying to find a panacea for western enterprises. In this way, in addition to the 1 1 management school's management jungle divided by American management scientist Cüneyt, after the 1980s, new western management ideas were being formed and constantly developed. An outstanding feature is that the modern western management thought has obviously returned to human nature, and the research on people has been greatly strengthened; Another obvious feature is that the research of management theory is getting stronger and stronger in applying other theories and tools of social science. It uses the research results of modern economics and sociology to develop its own theory, especially the development and popularization of computers, which will play an inestimable role in the development of management theory. The development of computer and information technology has changed people's work, study and life in the 2 1 century, and also changed the development direction of management theory, thus forming a brand-new management thought, which is also a revolution of management thought.

2. Westerners manage enterprises and families in the way of managing countries, while orientals, especially China people, manage enterprises and countries in the way of managing families. . The former is the blood relationship between you and me, and I have your blood relationship with natural productive factors. The latter is not related by blood. Westerners' assumptions about human nature are far more pessimistic than we in China. Control people's behavior with strict laws. China people are optimistic about the hypothesis of human nature. "At the beginning of life, human nature is good." Therefore, it is believed that moral order and etiquette can restrain people's behavior, so it has developed into a way of ruling the country by men in the west. People value the judgment of effect, while China values the judgment of motivation. What westerners want is effect. China people don't pay much attention to the effect judgment, but look at the effect with a set of moral or ideological standards, that is, "whether to do it or not is a matter of attitude, whether to do it well or not is a matter of level", and "there is no credit for hard work, fatigue and no hard work". This difference in value judgment leads to the difference in instrumental rationality. It is effective to govern the country according to law, and it is also effective to regulate people's interests with the market. However, the efficiency loss of the big family state management model without the rule of law is amazing, so it depends on the loss. However, this method of legal litigation is used to manage families and enterprises.