What are the main ingredients of paint What are the functions of paint?

Paint English name: paint or coating. paint is a kind of paint that can firmly cover the surface of the object, play a role in protecting, decorating, marking and

Chinese name

paint

foreign name

paint or coating

Use

protecting, decorating, marking, striking

Chemical properties

Paint is a viscous paint, which is a kind of chemical mixture paint, which is a kind of chemical mixture paint.

Type

Chemical mixture paint

Physical and chemical properties

Paint is a viscous oily pigment, flammable without drying, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in fats, soluble in alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, benzene, alkanes, soluble in gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel.

Paint, regardless of species or form, are composed of film-forming substances, secondary film-forming substances and auxiliary film-forming substances of three basic substances:

Film-forming substances: also known as binder, film-forming substances, most of the organic polymer compounds, such as natural resins (rosin, varnish), paints (tung oil, linseed oil, soybean oil, fish oil, etc.), synthetic resins, such as the mixing of ingredients, after high-temperature reaction. There are also inorganic combination of paint (eg: inorganic zinc-rich paint). Various film-forming substances are classified according to national standards***xxx. It is the main body of the paint and determines the performance of the paint film. If there is no film-forming substances, simple pigments and auxiliary materials can not form a paint film.

Secondary film-forming substances: including all kinds of pigments, body pigments, antirust pigments. Pigment provides color and covering power for the paint film, improves the protective performance and decorative effect of the paint, and the pigment with good weather resistance can improve the service life of the paint. Body pigment can increase the thickness of paint film, use its own "flake, needle" structure performance, through the accumulation of pigment stacking, forming fish scale paint film, improve the service life of the paint film, improve the waterproof and rustproof effect. Antirust pigment can prevent the surface of objects from corrosion by atmosphere and chemical substances and the surface of metal from rusting by its own physical and chemical antirust effect.

Auxiliary film-forming substances: including a variety of additives, solvents, a variety of additives in the paint production process, storage process, the use of the process, as well as the formation of the paint film plays a very important role in the process. Although the amount of use are very small, but the performance of the film has a great impact. Even the shape of the paint film such as: not dry, sinking lumps, skin.

Waterborne paints need more additives to meet the production, construction, storage and film formation. The level of paint additives also represents the level of national paint. Solvent is also known as the "dispersing medium" (including a variety of organic solvents, water) mainly dilute the film-forming substances and the formation of viscous liquid, in order to facilitate the production and construction. Often the mixture of film-forming materials and dispersing medium is called paint.

Paint, is the ancient name; paint, is a modern civilization called, contains more scientific and technological components, in the field of modern science and technology and industrial applications. But paint has some smooth customary name or retained, such as latex paint, primer, top coat, etc..

Generally speaking, paint is a material that can be coated on the surface of the object to be painted and can form a continuous film of strong adhesion. It can be inorganic, such as copper plating, nickel plating, zinc plating. It can also be organic, such as most of the organic polymer materials, organic polymer materials constitute a major part of today's coatings market.

Material classification

1, according to the coating form (powder, liquid)

2, according to the film-forming mechanism (transformed, non-transformed)

3, according to the construction method (brush, roller, spray, dip, drench, electrophoresis)

4, according to the drying method (drying, drying at room temperature, humidity curing, steam curing, curing of radiation energy)

5, according to the use of levels (primer, middle paint, top coat, putty, etc.)

6, according to the appearance of the film (varnish, color paint; non-glossy, flat, matte, high-gloss; hammered paint, embossed paint ...)

7, according to the use of the object (automotive paints, marine paints, container paints, aircraft paints, home appliance paint) (......) marine coatings can also be divided into antirust coatings, anticorrosive coatings, antifouling coatings, weathering coatings, heat-resistant coatings, as well as bottom paints, hull paints, deck paints, marking paints, oil tank paints, battery tank paints, ballast water tank paints, ammo tank paints, living quarters paints and other special function coatings, and so on, based on the characteristics of the parts of the use and application of the environment.

8, according to the film performance (anticorrosive paint, insulating paint, conductive paint, heat-resistant paint ......)

9, according to the film-forming substances (alkyd, epoxy, chlorinated rubber, acrylic, polyurethane, vinyl ......) the above classification of the various Each of the above classification methods has its own characteristics, but no matter which classification method can't include all the specifics of the paint, so there is no unified classification method in the world. China's national standard GB2705-92 adopts a classification method based on the film-forming substances in coatings. Paint is usually composed of base material (resin, adhesive), pigment, filler, solvent and a small amount of functional additives, etc. According to the type of base material can be divided into 17 categories;

By the performance characteristics can be divided into organic coatings, inorganic coatings, solvent-based coatings, solvent-free coatings, waterborne coatings, powder coatings, high-solids coatings, and thick slurry coatings, etc.; according to its functional characteristics can be divided into magnetic paints, paints, varnishes, blending paint, primers, primers, and so on. According to its functional characteristics, it can be divided into magnetic paint, color paint, varnish, blending paint, primer, top coat and intermediate paint, etc.; the finished products include stencil paint, inner and outer wall latex paint, fireproof latex paint, etc.

Category of architectural paints and coatings:

1, natural lacquer (also known as lacquer, lacquer): raw lacquer, cooked lacquer. Natural paint film is tough, good durability, acid and heat resistance, good gloss.

2, oil-based paints and coatings: (1) clear oil (commonly known as cooked oil, fish oil). Made of refined dry oil with a drying agent. Commonly used for waterproof or moisture-proof coating as well as used to modulate the original paint and paint mixing. (2) oil thick paint (3) oil and paint.

3, resin-based paints and coatings: (1) varnish (resin paint) (2) magnetic paint (3) light paint (commonly known as lacquer) (4) spray paint (nitro paint) (5) paint mixing. Blended from dry oils, pigments, solvents, catalytic agents and so on.

Species of materials

I. Wood lacquer.

(1) nitro varnish. Nitro varnish is a kind of nitrocellulose, alkyd resin, plasticizer and organic solvents marketed from the transparent lacquer, is a volatile paint, has a fast drying, soft gloss and so on. Nitro varnish is divided into glossy, semi-matte and matte three, according to the need to choose. Nitro varnish also has its drawbacks: easy to whiten in high humidity, low fullness and low hardness.

(2) hand-sweeping paint. A nitro varnish belongs to the same nitro lacquer, it is made of nitrocellulose, a variety of synthetic resins, pigments and organic solvents modulated from a non-transparent lacquer. This paint is specially formulated for manual construction, more fast-drying characteristics.

(3) the main auxiliaries of nitro lacquer:

a. Tenar. It is by the ester, alcohol, benzene, ketones and other organic solvents mixed into a class of colorless transparent liquid with banana odor, mainly play a role in reconciling nitro lacquer and curing.

b. White water. Also called anti-white water, the scientific name for ethylene glycol monobutyl ether. In humid weather construction, the paint film will have a white phenomenon, the appropriate amount of diluent added 10% -15% of the nitro magnetic white water can be eliminated.

(4) polyester paint. It is made of polyester resin as the main film-forming material made of a thick paint. Polyester paint film full, thick layer of hard surface. Polyester paint varnish varieties, called polyester varnish. Polyester paints need to be cured during the construction process, and these curing agents account for one-third of the total amount of paint. These curing agents, also known as hardeners, are mainly composed of TDI (toluene dicyanate). These TDIs in their free state will yellow, not only the paint surface of the furniture, but also the neighboring walls, which is a major drawback of polyester paint. The market has appeared on the yellowing-resistant polyester paint, but can only do "yellowing-resistant". Can not completely prevent the canonization. In addition, beyond the standard free TDI will also cause harm to the human body.

(5) polyurethane paint. Polyurethane paint is polyurethane paint. It is a strong film, glossy, full, strong adhesion, water, wear, corrosion resistance, is widely used in high-grade wood furniture, can also be used for metal surfaces. Its shortcomings mainly include blistering in the presence of moisture, chalking of the paint film, etc.; as with polyester paint, there is also the problem of yellowing. Polyurethane varnish varieties of varnish called polyurethane varnish.

Two, interior paint. Interior paint is mainly divided into water-soluble paint and latex paint. General decoration using latex paint. Latex paint is emulsion paint, according to the different substrates, divided into polyester acid vinyl emulsion and acrylic emulsion two categories. Latex paint uses water as the diluent, it is a kind of paint which is easy to construct, safe, wash-resistant and good air permeability, and can be blended with different colors according to different color schemes. Latex paint is mainly composed of water, pigments, emulsions, fillers and various additives. These raw materials are non-toxic, may contain toxicity is mainly in the film-forming agent in the glycol and mold inhibitor in the organic mercury.

The so-called "latex paint" on the market contains a lot of formaldehyde, in fact, is water-soluble paint, not latex paint, some unscrupulous manufacturers is to use low-quality water-soluble paint fake latex paint. Therefore, choose the genuine goods and maintain ventilation, is an effective way to prevent pollution.

Three, exterior paint. Exterior wall latex paint basic performance and interior wall latex paint is almost the same. But the paint film is harder and more resistant to water. Exterior latex paint is generally used on the exterior wall, but can also be used in the restroom and other high humidity places.

Of course, exterior latex paint can be used internally, but please do not try to use interior latex paint externally.

Four, fireproof paint. Fireproof paint is a fire-retardant paint made of film-forming agents, flame retardants, foaming agents and other materials. Because of the large use of wood, fabric and other flammable materials, so fire prevention has been a topic worth mentioning.

Five, galvanized steel paint

Six, aluminum alloy paint

Seven, floor paint

Eight, metal fluorocarbon paint

Nine, imitation of stone colorful coatings

Ten, colorful paint

Eleven, true stone paint

Wood Paint

1, look at the appearance of the packaging and marking

from the On the appearance of the product, water-based wood paint is generally labeled with water-based or water-soluble words, and the English logo is water-based; and in the instructions for use of the product will be labeled can be directly added to the water for dilution of the words. Counterfeit water-based wood paint can not be diluted with water due to the addition of solvent components.

2, look at the environmental standards

First look at the paint test report. General market regular water-based wood paint products, before the market, must be through the authority of the testing organization of the sampling test, to determine whether the VOC content of its products really meet the requirements of the national mandatory standards. So when consumers buy water-based wood paint, you can ask manufacturers or dealers to provide product testing reports from testing organizations with CMA qualification. The counterfeit water-based wood paint simply can not provide authoritative test reports. Secondly, look at the product certification. The most authoritative product environmental certification in China is the China Environmental Labeling Product Certification. In the market above, the strength of the water-based wood paint manufacturers produce products, have passed the environmental labeling product certification.

3, look at the sample

First of all, the color of the sample. According to the production process of water-based wood paint, general water-based wood paint is produced using polymer modified emulsion technology or water-based polyurethane dispersion technology. Using acrylic and polyurethane synthetics as the main component of waterborne wood paint, this product is generally light milky white or translucent color; and 100 percent polyurethane waterborne wood paint, such products are generally translucent light yellow. The second is to smell the odor of the sample. No odor is the most obvious feature of water-based wood paint, general water-based wood paint after opening the lid, the odor emitted is very small, slightly with a little grease aroma. And counterfeit water-based wood paint have a strong irritating solvent flavor, expired and deteriorated water-based wood paint has a more obvious sour taste.

4, look at the sample

Each kind of wood paint is equipped with the corresponding sample, so users can touch and look at the sample when buying paint. For the commonly used transparent varnish, white topcoat, feel delicate and smooth, no yellowing, gloss uniformity, transparent varnish high transparency, white topcoat flawless, high hiding power.

5, look at the service

Paint is only a semi-finished product, in order to get the desired decorative effect, in addition to the requirement of high quality product quality, but also good construction techniques, which requires manufacturers or merchants to provide a perfect service, including the purchase of guidance, costing, technical advice, construction guidance, the construction of a rapid solution to the problem.

Home Painting

When choosing paint colors must be considered in a comprehensive manner, first of all, we must consider the functional requirements and the requirements of the United States, in addition to considering the form of space and the characteristics of the decorative materials, generally speaking, the color of the bedroom is best to be warm, softer, the living room should be used in the bright and lively colors, the study should be elegant, dignified, and harmony of the main color, the dining room should be a warm main color tone.

1, according to the shape of the room to choose the color

Colors can be changed to a certain extent on the shape of the room people feel. For example, cool colors can make lower ceilings look taller and make narrow rooms wider. Using a darker shade of color on the far wall of a room will give that wall the effect of moving forward. Similar effects can change the appearance of any room.

2. The top surface should generally be a light color

Light colors make people feel light and dark colors make people feel heavy. Usually most of the treatment of the room is from top to bottom, from light to deep, such as the room's roof and walls in white and light colors, wainscoting using white and light colors, skirting using dark colors, it will give a sense of stability on the top of the light and the bottom of the heavy, on the contrary, on the bottom of the deep and the light will give a sense of head and feet of the light depressing.

3, according to the use of the room to choose the color

The use of the room often determines the effect you want to create. The living room should appear bright and relaxing or warm and cozy, while the dining room can be a deep dark color. Kitchens are always suitable for light and bright colors, but be careful with warm colors. Hallways and foyers serve only as passageways, so colors can be used boldly. The style of the bedroom is entirely determined by the taste of each different person.

4, according to the direction of the room to choose the color

The east-facing room due to the earliest sunlight also the earliest to leave and make the room darker earlier, so the use of light warm colors tend to be the most secure. South-facing rooms have the longest daylight hours, and the use of cooler colors often makes people feel more comfortable and the effect of the room is more charming. West-facing rooms, being subject to the strongest western sunlight of the day at sunset, love to use darker, cooler colors, which seem to be more comfortable. North-facing rooms are not exposed to direct daylight, so you should tend to use warm colors with lighter shades when choosing colors.

Shopping Misconceptions

Misconceptions one, heavy price and ignore the quality

Many people in the purchase of wall paint, it is easy to go into the heavy price and ignore the quality of the misunderstanding. Some think that the higher the price of the paint the better, so the selection of time to find the most expensive to buy, but experimental results show that this is not the case. The other extreme consumers in order to save money, buy the lower the price the better, so the money saved a lot, but the quality of the wall and the indoor environment will be worried. Therefore, it is recommended that we try to focus on the quality of wall paint in addition to considering the price, generally choose a reputable brand.

Myth two, heavy packaging and ignore the inner

Consumers shopping for latex paint will always look at its packaging, which is very necessary. However, it is important to note that good-looking paint packaging is not necessarily superior in terms of internal quality. Some manufacturers in order to attract customers, in the product packaging, deliberately exaggerated product performance efficacy. Therefore, it is recommended that in addition to looking at the product packaging, consumers should also pay attention to other aspects, such as checking the detailed test report of the product.

Myth three, the color card and the wall color is completely consistent

Many consumers think that the color card on the paint color and brush on the wall color is completely consistent, this is a misunderstanding. Because of light reflection and other reasons, the room four walls are painted, the wall color will look deeper than the color card. The color consumers see on the color card and the actual color of the paint on the wall will usually be different. Therefore, it is recommended that consumers choose the color in the color card, it is best to pick their favorite color slightly lighter color number, if you like dark walls, you can choose the color card color into the same.

Myth four, do not estimate the amount of paint in advance

Many consumers do not estimate the amount of paint in advance, for fear of buying less paint, shopping is always more good. This may cause a waste of materials, increase the cost of home improvement, while piling up too much paint on the construction safety also has a certain impact. Therefore, it is recommended that consumers should always look at the size of the construction area before construction, so as to estimate the amount of materials to be purchased. Estimating the amount of paint is relatively simple: paint a required amount of paint (L) = (wall area x 2.5) / each liter of paint can be painted area.

Myth five, no smell is environmentally friendly

Many people through the smell to judge the safety of wall paint, that low odor or no smell of wall paint is environmentally friendly. This is a big misunderstanding. Because odorlessness can be achieved by adding fragrance or using low odor materials, odorless paints are not always environmentally friendly and non-toxic. The most professional way to determine the environmental friendliness of wall paint is to see whether its environmental indicators meet the standards. There are three key environmental indicators for wall paints: VOC, free formaldehyde, and heavy metals.

Harmful substances

VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds)

VOC is the acronym for Volatile Organic Compounds, which refers to organic substances in paint that do not form a paint film but eventually evaporate into the atmosphere. After volatile organic compounds evaporate into the air, they react with the oxygen in the air to produce ozone, and low-level ozone is harmful to the atmosphere and human health.

TDI (toluene diisocyanate)

TDI is mainly found in paints, which are synthesized from PU paint curing agents. Exceeding the standard free TDI will cause harm to the human body, mainly sensitizing and irritating effects, eye pain, tearing, conjunctival congestion, coughing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, asthma, red pimples, maculopapular rash, contact hypersensitivity and other symptoms.

Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a strong irritating odor. Characterized by volatile and high toxicity, 35% to 40% of the formaldehyde aqueous solution is called formalin. Formaldehyde is highly toxic.

Benzene, toluene and xylene

Benzene is a highly toxic substance, toluene, xylene is a low toxicity, inhalation of a certain amount of benzene, toluene, xylene will cause poisoning, and even destroy the hematopoietic system, nervous system.

Soluble heavy metals

Heavy metals refer to metals with a density greater than 4.5 g/cm3, such as lead, cadmium, chromium and mercury. Paint in a part of the resin, pigment or drying agent will have the presence of soluble heavy metals, if long-term exposure to lead and other heavy metals containing lead, can trigger mild neurasthenia syndrome and indigestion symptoms, the more severe cases of anemia and lead paralysis.

All kinds of paints are composed of film-forming substances (various resins), solvents, pigments, drying agents, additives. Ordinary paints usually use gasoline as a solvent, epoxy iron red primer contains a small amount of xylene, dip paint mainly contains toluene, there is also a small amount of benzene. Spray paint (nitro paint) and thinner (banana water) contain a lot of benzene or toluene, xylene. The main occupational hazard of paint production is the inhalation of organic solvent vapors, which results in a fairly high rate of serious diseases such as aplastic anemia, leukemia, tuberculosis, and pleurisy. Most painters with more than 10 years of service suffer from coughing, easy fatigue, headaches, chest tightness, and weakness in the limbs.

Material protection

First of all, choose a good paint, do not paint environmentally unfriendly paint. The basic use of water-based paint (without any toxic and harmful solvents, diluted with water) instead of solvent-based paint, although the emergence of a number of healthy and environmentally friendly water-based paint, but the application is not widespread. Secondly, workers should wear masks and gloves during construction to avoid direct contact between paint and skin; open all windows for ventilation during construction. In addition, usually eat more food with high vitamin content, drink more boiled water. A few days ago, the World Health Organization has been included in the formaldehyde class I carcinogens, long-term exposure can not only cause respiratory diseases, infertility will also lead to the nasal cavity, mouth, throat, skin and other organs of the probability of cancer. With the increase in demand for healthy home decoration, diatomite, shellac, activated charcoal and other new home decoration coatings appear in people's sight. Consumers in the purchase of the first to understand the basic properties of its main raw materials, while requiring businesses to show the national authority's test report, through the strong factual evidence to understand the green performance of the product we pay more and more attention to the hazards of paint, good non-toxic paint is becoming more and more the preferred choice of consumers. Of course, the emergence of more and more water-based paint in the country, its environmental protection, non-toxic, harmless properties provide people with the first choice.

Judging skills

Green paint

The first point: look at the paint solvent toxicity, that is, those and the human body in contact with or inhaled solvents can lead to disease. The familiar benzene and methanol are toxic solvents. Glycol ether is also a class of highly toxic solvents, has been strictly prohibited. Toxic solvents can cause direct harm to the production and construction personnel, so you must pay attention to whether the paint composition contains these solvents.

The second point: user safety. Generally speaking paint drying, paint solvents basically can evaporate completely, but some solvents evaporate very slowly, although the amount of these solvents is not large, but if prolonged exposure to toxic substances, as well as human health will be damaged. Therefore, in the purchase of paint must see whether the use of solvents is strictly limited.

The third point: look at the VOC content of the paint, the lower the content of the paint, the more environmentally friendly. VOC that is, volatile organic compounds, is the abbreviation of the English VolatileOr-ganicCompound, refers to the normal temperature and pressure, paint products can volatile organic compounds. The limit of solvent usage in coatings is becoming more and more strict in foreign countries. Some commonly used solvents such as toluene, xylene, butanone, acetate, etc. are in the list of restrictions, ethanol is no exception.

Dosage formula

Wall latex paint dosage = 1/10 * total wall area * 2 (brush two times)

Furniture primer dosage = 1/15 * area to be painted * 3 (brush three times)

Furniture top coat dosage = 1/15 * area to be painted * 2 (brush two times)