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High-density aquaculture methods

High-density aquaculture methods

High-density aquaculture methods, nowadays many people are going to choose to raise fish, fish farming first of all need to choose a good pond, generally to retain water in the pond is appropriate. Pond clearing: Before preparing for fish farming, the pond should also be cleared and sterilized, and the following is the high-density farming method.

High-density aquaculture methods 1

1, high-density fish netting adapted to a wider range of waters, it can be set up in lakes, reservoirs and rivers, as long as the depth of water is greater than the height of the netting can be cultured, you can build a "pond in the water", than the land ponds, water, oxygen, sewage power, more suitable for single species or multiple varieties of high-density culture, and high yield, but also the production is very high. The high density of culture, and high yield, easy to manage and fishing.

2, high-density net fish farming, is a large and medium-sized body of water with superior environmental conditions, as well as small bodies of water, the combination of intensive intensive fish farming method of new technology, eutrophic waters usually every 100 acres of water surface can be set up in 1 acre of net boxes, medium nutrient waters every 200 acres can be set up in 1 acre of net boxes.

3, such as net box carp, each cubic meter can be stocked with body length of 13-20cm carp species 60-80 tails, rearing period of 200 days, usually each tail out of the net weight can reach 0.65-0.75 kilograms, the acreage up to 15,000-25,000 kilograms, high acreage of more than 50,000 kilograms, high-density net box fish is also one of the future of the natural waters of one of the important ways of aquaculture.

4, and other fish farming methods, according to the feeding situation can be summarized as roughage, semi-intensive or intensive farming, roughage all rely on natural bait that can be obtained, such as organic debris, plankton, drift, etc., during the period of no need to put any supplemental feed, this way is suitable for silver and bighead carps and other filter-feeding fish.

5. Semi-finishing is mainly to add the right amount of grass or agricultural by-products and other low-protein (20%) feed for food.

6, semi-refined and refined fish are all predatory fish, such as grass carp, carp and catfish, etc., and their yield is higher than the roughage, generally in the case of roughage, its yield is between 2.5-7.5 kg / square meter, which translates into a yield of about 1,665-4,995 kg per acre.

7, and semi-finish production is higher, the average yield is about 10 kg / square meter, equivalent to about 6700 kg per mu up and down, the production of commercial fish in finishing, can be higher than the general pond production of dozens of times or even a hundred times more than the cumulative yield of up to 3-15 million kilograms per mu.

One of the high-density fish farming techniques

1, the choice of ponds: fish farming first to choose a good pond, the general water retention of the pond is most suitable for fish farming, at the same time, water must be sufficient, in the dry season and rainy season to ensure that the pond drought-resistant and flood-resistant.

2, pond cleaning: after the pond is ready, the pond can be cleaned and disinfected, only the pond environment is good, so that the fish can grow and live normally. Disinfecting the pond is mainly to dig out the excessive silt in the pond, remove the weeds in the pond and the pond wall, eliminate germs and enemies, aquaculture production process can use lime to disinfect the pond.

3, fish stocking: will be ready to do a good job, you can put fish to the pond. Breeders must stock excellent varieties, rest quality and healthy, appropriate density of fish species, and at the same time to achieve a reasonable mix of species composition.

4, feeding management: the normal growth and reproduction of fish are generally inseparable from the feeding management, management work is mainly focused on good bait, fertilization, water quality control and prevention of pests and diseases.

5, baiting: daily baiting must be based on the "four look" that is, look at the season, look at the weather, look at the color of the water, look at the fish's feeding and activity, and "four" that is, timing, positioning, quality and quantity of the principle of baiting.

6, fertilization: fertilization is mainly the application of basic fertilizer and fertilizer two. The base fertilizer must be early, full. Fertilizer can be less, hard to apply, fertilization also "watch the day, watch the water, watch the fish" to carry out.

2, three acres of fish ponds can raise how many fish

1, three acres of fish ponds can raise about 2000 fish. Before raising fish to raise water, ordinary tap water can not be used directly to the fish. The water must be disinfected and dechlorinated before use, and disinfection can be done with relevant drugs or special salt, and dechlorination can be done by exposure or static.

2, when raising fish, but also to ensure that there is enough food, must pay attention to the appropriate amount of feeding, each feeding 5-10 minutes to eat the amount can be completed. Feeding frequency must be decided according to the size of the fish, try not to feed at night, cloudy days.

3, fish also ensure that the water quality is clean, be sure to change the water regularly. The frequency of water changes can be based on the species habits of the decision, generally every 7-10 days to change the water. Every time you change the water, do not let the water temperature, water quality changes too much, water change in addition to ensure that the water quality is clean, but also to ensure that the oxygen content of the water.

(1) Fish culture ponds are divided into several types: greenhouse cement ponds, rural reservoirs, mountain ponds, deep-water lakes, and river nets, all of which are necessary environments for high-density fish culture.

(2) How to build a fish pond? The fish pond covers an area of 10-200 acres, and the water depth needs to be 1.5-2.5 meters. The fish pond covers an area of 5-20 acres. A rectangular fish pond is suitable. The bottom of the pool is flat, the bottom is slightly inclined towards the outlet, and the edges of the ridge should be sealed with cement to prevent the fish pond pool from being damaged by the fish.

(3) Water inlet and drainage facilities are complete, and the drainage and irrigation capacity is preferably about 30% of the daily change in water volume.

(4) Adequate water source (preferably long flowing water in the countryside), fresh water quality, no pollution, equipped with aerators, bait feeders and other necessary mechanical equipment.

(2) high-density fish water quality management techniques

(1) to maintain the water quality of the "fat, live, tender, cool": fat means floating in the pond of various plants and animals; or the color of the water in the morning and evening will change, and flagellate algae are dominant. dominate. Tender means that the water quality fertilizer, but fat but not old, that is, the growth period of high-quality algae are growing; cool means talking about the water, plankton and floating suspended organic matter other than suspended and not much, the clarity of the water in the 25-40cm, it is best to have a spring water, so that the water quality is the conditions of high-density farming.

(2) regular addition and replacement of water quality is to keep the pool water clear of the most extensive, the most economical and most applicable technical methods. Usually the water quality control, every 7-10 days to add fresh water, each time about 20 cm; monthly water replacement, each time 30%, and the clarity of the water in the pool to maintain about 30 °, for the healthy growth of fish to provide a good ecological environment, if it is a stagnant fishponds, there is no living water, it is more difficult to high-density fish farming.

(C) feeding mode selection technology

The selection of feeding mode is also a more important technology for high-density fish farming, should highlight the main fish, appropriate with other fish, the same kind of fish should be the same, the fish can be roughly divided into the upper layer, the lower and middle layer and the lower layer of the three types, according to the three types of collocation, you can Fully utilize the space of the aquaculture water body, effectively remove the residual fish bait in the fish pond, and regulate the water quality.

Usually, the water body is more fat fish ponds, silver carp, fish farming standards should account for 60%, the rest of the fish species accounted for 40% (such as grass carp, bream, carp, crucian carp, etc.); water body is thin fish ponds, grass, bream and other fish farming standards should be accounted for 60%, the rest of the fish species accounted for 40% (such as silver carp, bighead carp, crucian carp, etc.).

(1) carp-based high-density mix-farming type

A class of stocking size specifications for 55 to 100 grams, carp fry amount of 55% to 65% of the total (about 100Kg). In addition, mixing grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and so on. The net production of carp can be 7,500-8,250 Kg per hectare, with carp accounting for 55%-65% of the total. Another category is the amount of carp fry accounted for 85% to 90% of the total (190Kg up and down).

(2) Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and tilapia-based mixed culture type

Hypophthalmichthys nobilis and bighead carp stocking net weight accounted for about 65% of the total amount of fry (about 145Kg), the ratio of hypophthalmichthys nobilis and bighead carps is about 3-5:1, in addition to the mixed culture of grass carp, carps, tilapia, tilapia and channel catfish, etc. The bighead carp stocking net weight accounted for about 65% of the total amount of fry (about 145Kg). The size of bighead and silver carp is more than 300 grams

(3) High-density mixed culture type with grass carp, tilapia and pangasius

The size of grass carp fry is 15 grams and 300 grams, and the net weight accounts for 35-40% of the total amount of the fish (about 280Kg). Bighead carp is stocked with size specification of 300-300 grams, pangasius is stocked with size specification of 15-25 grams and 55 grams, and the net weight of stocking is 27% and 19% up and down of the total stocking of fry, respectively. Grass carp are stocked in 2 batches per year and tilapia in 4 to 6 batches.

(4) grass carp and bighead carp mainly mixed type

Grass carp stocking size specifications divided into 10 grams, 55 grams and 120 to 300 grams, bighead carp `size specifications for the summer flower, 55 grams, 200 to 300 grams; net weight of the total amount of (120Kg above and below) 45% and 30% above and below, and in addition to mixed loach, bighead carp, tilapia, etc.

(D) high-density fish farming using wheel catch-and-release technology

Wheel catch-and-release, that is, a full release, batch fishing, catching the big and keeping the small stocking method, is one of the most important measures to obtain high-yield and high-density.

(1) alleviate the problem of mixed stocking density, baiting and fertilization and pond oxygen is not compatible

(2) solved the problem of stocking insufficient fry at the beginning of the feeding period, can not fully utilize the ` shortcomings of the water body

(3) to ensure that the long term to a reasonable density of stocking, the appropriate use of bait, make full use of the pond's one-year production efficiency. With silt, gills epidermal congestion, there is a small hole in the center of the rot.

Methods of prevention and treatment: there are germs caused by the disease, so pay attention to sterilization, available bleaching powder control, bleaching powder to a small bamboo basket, bamboo basket mouth above the water surface can be remembered to replace daily, in the feeding time can be preferred to the fish rehabilitation A type of mixed feed feeding time.

(2) Red skin disease

Red skin disease is most harmful to fry and adult fish, the disease is caused by the fluorescent trichoderma bacteria, when the disease fish scales fall off, showing symptoms of inflammation of a large area of the fish belly is very obvious, and the end of the fish fins will become rotten.

Methods of prevention and treatment: use bleaching powder sprinkled into the sterilization sterilization, and then feed the sick fish time sulfathiazole, pay attention to the amount of medication, every 10kg of fish in about 1 gram of medicine, feeding time a day or two after the amount of medication will be reduced by half, about seven days can be cured.

(3) enteritis disease

Enteritis disease is caused by Aeromonas aeruginosa and infectious diseases, very harmful, often see the slower will infect the entire fish population, the disease of the fish's abdomen is enlarged, the surface of the body appears black, especially the head, the sick fish intestinal wall is congested with blood, but also accompanied by a yellowish secretion, the grasshopper is not in the spirit of the spirit or do not eat bait, if not treated in time, will quickly lead to death. If not treated in time, it will quickly lead to death.

Methods of prevention and treatment: Sprinkle with bleaching powder per cubic meter per gram, in the feeding time of the fish Fukang A mixed bait feeding time, twice a day, in the next day feeding time sulfaguanidine, the same per 10kg fish feeding time 1 gram.

(4) hemorrhagic disease

Hemorrhagic disease caused by the Eutherian Orphan Virus, when the disease of the fish are congested all over the body, the muscles, fins, mouth, gills, intestines, etc. are congested, will be open the skin or gills, you will see that the flesh of the fish is congested, gill filaments are whitish.

Methods of prevention and treatment: vaccination in young fish, can be immunized against the disease up to about a year, when the disease is sterilized with lime powder sprinkled in, and then feed the fish with the fish with Cleo - fish Fukang general bait, once a day, within seven days can be cured.

(F) high-density fish daily management techniques

(1) pond patrol: daily morning and evening pond patrol, observe the water color, fish activity and eating bait, and deal with problems in a timely manner.

(2) Attendance record. Every day to do a good job of each pond patrol diary, which is the most basic work of scientific fish farming, the same summary of the work, the analysis of the situation, check the original records of the problem.

(3) Keep the fish pond clean and sanitary. Pond edges and weeds in the breeding pond should be removed frequently so as not to affect the environment of the fish pond.

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