What are the main types of gardens in China?

China's gardens on the division of types of gardens, generally can be divided into four basic types of royal gardens, private gardens, natural landscape gardens and temple gardens. Due to the different methods of division, the types of gardens are different.

I. According to the choice of the garden site and open way: artificial landscape garden, natural landscape garden.

1, artificial landscape garden: cut water on the flat land, piling up rockery, man-made landscape terrain, with flowers and trees planted and building structures, the natural landscape landscape shrinking simulation in a small area. These gardens are built on flat lots, especially in towns and cities, "towns and mountains" The four elements of the garden: buildings, rocks, water, plants are all artificial, so the objective constraints imposed on the garden by the conditions of less, the creativity of the people can be maximized to play. Artificial landscape garden is the most representative of Chinese classical garden art achievement of a type. Artificial landscape garden typical representative: Summer Palace.

2, natural landscape garden: generally built in the suburbs of the town or the outskirts of the mountain landscape by man-made planning and management, all or part of the natural landscape vegetation as the base site of the garden, the base site of the original geomorphology of the situation to do the appropriate adjustments, transformations, processing, with appropriate plant cultivation and architectural structures. Including landscape garden, mountain garden and water garden. The key to building a natural landscape garden is to choose the site, if the site is appropriate, you can spend a small amount of money and get far better than the artificial landscape garden of the natural landscape of the true interest. Therefore, "Garden Metallurgy" on the garden phase of the land, to "forest land" for the first. Early Qing dynasty gardeners Li Yu said: "the secret fast lei stone, the original is not obtained, can not be placed under the rock and wood and stone residence, so a fist on behalf of the mountain, a spoon on behalf of the water, the so-called boredom of the extreme thought also." Natural landscape garden typical representative: Taishan, Huangshan.

Two, according to the division of subordination: royal gardens, 2. private gardens, temple gardens.

If according to the affiliation of the garden to be categorized, Chinese classical gardens can be summarized as a number of types. There are three main types: private gardens, royal gardens, temple gardens. These three types are the main body of Chinese classical gardens, gardening activities of the mainstream, the essence of the art of gardening. In addition, there are some are not the main, also non-mainstream gardens, such as Yamen garden, ancestral gardens, academy gardens, club gardens, and teahouse restaurant affiliated gardens, similar to the content of private gardens, in addition to the public **** gardens.

In addition, the mausoleum, altar and temple, scenic spots and other outside like garden, because of its special meaning and not belong to the category of garden

1, the royal garden: the court, the court, the Palace Court, the Royal Court, the Royal Garden.

Belongs to the emperor's personal and royal all, is exclusively for the emperor to rest and enjoy the garden. Its number of more or less, the size of the scale, reflecting the prosperity of a dynasty and the strength of the country. The use of political privileges and economic wealth and financial resources, occupy a large area of land to create a garden for their own use, the scale of the large, high level of art is far from private gardens can be compared. Where the emperor and the living environment such as palaces, altars and temples, gardens and even the city, do not use the architectural image and the overall layout to show the royal style and the supremacy of imperial power.

Royal gardens according to the use of the different points of the Imperial Court, the Palace of the Imperial Court, the Palace of the Imperial Court three types.

Dainai Royal Park: that is, the emperor's residence, built in the Imperial City and the Palace City, adjacent to the Imperial Palace or from the Imperial Palace is very close to facilitate the emperor's daily visits and recreation. Typical representative: the Forbidden City.

The Palace, the Palace of the Imperial Court: built in the suburbs of the capital, the suburbs of the beautiful scenery, or away from the capital of the scenic area.

Difference: the Palace Court for occasional recreation or short-term residence of the emperor; away from the Palace Court as the emperor's long-term residence, dealing with the place of government, the equivalent of a political center linked to the inner. Typical representative: Chengde garden.

2, private gardens: gardens, garden pavilions, pools, mountain pools, mountain villages, other businesses, grassy knolls.

Belongs to the private nobility, bureaucrats, red gentry, literati and wealthy merchants (complementary to and extension of imperial power) privately owned. Literati, scholars in order to "be in the temple of the high, but also to enjoy the mountains and forests wild fun", but because of the constraints of the feudal system of etiquette, private gardens, both in content and form are different from the royal gardens, features: smaller scale, commonly used rockery fake mountains and fake water, small and exquisite buildings, the performance of its elegant and pure colors. Typical representatives: Beijing's Prince Gong's Palace, Suzhou's Humble Administrator's Garden, Liouyuan, net lion garden, Canglang Pavilion, Shanghai's Yuyuan Garden and so on.

3. Temple Gardens: Buddhist temples and Taoist monasteries affiliated gardens, including the internal courtyard of the temple greening (mostly planted with valuable flowers and trees and is known for the world) and the peripheral lots of landscaped environments. It creates a secluded and elegant environment in pursuit of earthly pleasures and tranquility. Feudal political system determines the status of religion, the architectural form of the temple gradually converged on the palace, residence. It is often said that "since ancient times, the famous mountain monks accounted for more". Typical representatives: Shaolin Temple, Wutai Mountain and so on.

Three, according to the geographical division: northern gardens, southern gardens, Lingnan gardens.

Generally located in the beautiful scenery of the famous mountains and rivers. Often combined with scenic spots.

1, northern gardens: mainly located in the Yellow River Basin, Xi'an, Luoyang, Dengfeng, Kaifeng, Qufu, Beijing and other ancient capitals of the ancient city, which is represented by the Beijing gardens, mostly for the royal gardens. These gardens are rough in style, and the artificial architecture is on the heavy side, which is a magnificent work of China's ancient gardens. Such as Beijing to win the "three mountains" (Xiangshan, Yuquan Mountain, Wanshoushan). Characterized by: magnificent, majestic, magnificent, opulent, can be summarized as "the north of the male", but showy slightly less.

2, Jiangnan garden: "Jiangnan" refers to the lower reaches of the Yangtze River around the Taihu Lake basin, Nanjing, Wuxi, Yangzhou, Suzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Jiaxing and other places as much as Suzhou is the most. Jiangnan since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, after the North and South Dynasties, economic development is very fast, and Jiangnan amusement winds prevailed in the Central Plains, so the rich and powerful people to fight for the construction of gardens or private homes for the elegant, do not go out of the yard door, can be Tao sex in the landscape of the wild. In addition, Jiangnan mountains and beautiful water, dense river, numerous lakes and ponds, grass and trees, for the construction of gardens to provide the conditions. Jiangnan garden art attainments are the highest, often as a representative of Chinese gardens, its influence permeates the various types, various schools of gardening, and become an example for future generations to follow. Therefore, there is a "garden in the south of the world, suzhou garden a jiangnan" said.

3, Lingnan gardens: mainly distributed in the Pearl River Delta as the center of Chaoshan, Dongguan, Panyu, Guangzhou and other places, mainly residential gardens. Year-round evergreen, and more rivers, with obvious tropical and subtropical landscape features, gardening conditions are very favorable. The garden is mostly a combination of landscape appreciation and summer coolness, and its layout is often centered on a large pool, surrounded by pavilions, tall trees and deep pools, shade and coolness. Flowers and trees planted quite widely, they and architectural vignettes against each other, more colorful garden, gorgeous and exquisite. Lingnan garden development history is relatively late, both absorbed the Jiangnan garden of "show", but also the teacher in the northern garden style, and in recent times by the influence of Western European gardening techniques, the building is high and spacious, structural simplicity, light and elegant, indoor landscaping, inside and outside the echo of the characteristics of a comprehensive garden. Existing Lingnan gardens, there are the famous Liang Garden in Foshan, Guangdong Province, Shunde Qinghuiyuan, Dongguan Keyuan, Fanyu Yuyinshanfang and other "four famous gardens in Lingnan".

In addition, according to the artistic style of the garden is divided into regular garden,, natural garden mixed garden.

Some ethnic minority areas in China, in palaces, temples, courtyards are also attached to build gardens with strong national colors and religious atmosphere. Such as Lhasa, Tibet, Tibetan Loblinca, Tibetan meaning "baby garden", built in the 18th century in the 1940s, is the summer palace of the Dalai Lama, the garden palace towering solemn, lush forests, flowers, twists and turns quiet.