What is a folk story?

Question 1: What is a folk story? Folk stories originated from the oral creation and oral communication of working people, and were later modified and processed by literati. Folk stories are not necessarily true stories, but stories and legends spread among the people. In a class-antagonistic society, the working people at the bottom of the society are deeply exploited and oppressed, and their love and hatred are clear. They create legends to express their wishes, demands and ideals, and reflect their thoughts, feelings and will. Many excellent stories not only fully show the life scenes of working people, but also leave a real and vivid picture for social history.

Question 2: What are the four Chinese folk stories? China's four folktales are: the Cowherd and Weaver Maid Meng Jiangnv and the White Snake Legend Liang Zhu.

China is a country with a vast territory, rich resources and a long history, and has a rich national cultural heritage among the people. Among them, there are four famous folk stories with China characteristics: Cowherd and Weaver Girl, Meng Jiangnv, Butterfly Lovers and Legend of the White Snake. The most extensive and influential.

? The legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl began in the Book of Songs? Dadong: Records of He Zhinv and He Petunia. Nineteen ancient poems? Altair called Cowherd and Weaver Girl husband and wife. Ying Shao's "Custom Pass" Wen Yi: "Weaver crossing the river on Tanabata, making a magpie bridge. According to legend, on the seventh day, the magpie's head was white and high, because the beam (note: bridge) crossed the weaver girl. " The story has been initially formed and combined with the Qixi custom.

? The legend of Meng Jiangnv originated from Zuo Zhuan, in which Qi Liang's wife refused to hang on the outskirts of Qi Hou, observing etiquette. Later, in "Talking about the Public", it was added that "Qi Zhuanggong attacked Ju and Qi Liang died. The sadness of his wife crying when she met him on the road is the prototype of the story. Han? Liu Xiang's Note to Biography of Women (IV): "Qi Qi Liang Zhi died in battle, his wife cried at the gate, and the city fell into ten days." Similarly, in the Tang Dynasty (anonymous) "Yi Yu Ji", it was recorded that "there was Qi Liang in the Qin Dynasty, and the daughter Zhong Zi was married and was killed by officials who built the Great Wall. Zhong Zi cried under the Great Wall, and the city collapsed. "This legend has prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, but Meng Zhongzi and Qi Liang were renamed Meng Jiangnu and Fan Xiliang in the legend.

? The story of Liang Zhu was first seen in the Tang Dynasty. Liang Zaiyan's Ten Stories and Four Stories records the story of Liang and Zhu's "two classmates" and "the same tomb". Late Tang dynasty? Zhang Du's Xuan Baozhi is recorded in detail. By the Ming Dynasty, Feng Menglong's ancient and modern novels had more plots of "English and Taiwan were puzzled, and Liang Shanbo was suspicious and turned into a butterfly".

? The story of the white snake came into being at the latest, and its origin: First, it originated from the legendary white snake in the Tang Dynasty; One theory originated from the three towers of the West Lake. By the time of Feng Menglong's "The White Snake Forever True Leifeng Pagoda" (namely "Warning") in the Ming Dynasty, the story had been initially finalized.

Question 3: What are the top ten folklores in China? Liang Zhu.

Xu Xian and the White Snake

Meng Jiangnu

Cowherd and Weaver Girl/Cowherd and Weaver Girl

Question 4: What do folk stories mean? In China folklore, the protagonists of the stories are generally famous and have surnames, some are famous figures in history, and the events have a specific time and place, and some also involve major events of the country and the nation; The results of human activities or events are often associated with some historical and geographical phenomena and social customs, which often give people an illusion that it is real history. But there are essential differences between folklore and history in a strict sense.

There are two views on the definition of legend in academic circles: broad and narrow. Folklore in a broad sense, also known as "word of mouth", is the general name of all prose narrative works that tell all kinds of events in life orally. Different from the concept of legend in a broad sense, folklore in a narrow sense refers to the legendary prose narrative created and circulated by the folk to describe specific historical figures or events and explain some local customs or habits.

According to the theoretical research progress of folklore in China at present, we can completely express this definition as follows: Folklore is a prose-style oral narrative literature with aesthetic significance around objective reality, using literary expression and historical expression. In the creation of folklore, objective reality is always at the core, so people call it "the core of legend". The "legend core" can be a historical figure, a historical event, a local monument or custom.

Question 5: What are the four Chinese folk stories? China is a country with a vast territory, rich resources and a long history, and has a rich national cultural heritage among the people. Among them, there are four famous folk stories with China characteristics: Cowherd and Weaver Girl, Meng Jiangnv, Butterfly Lovers and Legend of the White Snake. The most extensive and influential.

? The legend of Cowherd and Weaver Girl began in the Book of Songs? Dadong: Records of He Zhinv and He Petunia. Nineteen ancient poems? Altair called Cowherd and Weaver Girl husband and wife. Ying Shao's "Custom Pass" Wen Yi: "Weaver crossing the river on Tanabata, making a magpie bridge. According to legend, on the seventh day, the magpie's head was white and high, because the beam (note: bridge) crossed the weaver girl. " The story has been initially formed and combined with the Qixi custom.

? The legend of Meng Jiangnv originated from Zuo Zhuan, in which Qi Liang's wife refused to hang on the outskirts of Qi Hou, observing etiquette. Later, in "Talking about the Public", it was added that "Qi Zhuanggong attacked Ju and Qi Liang died. The sadness of his wife crying when she met him on the road is the prototype of the story. Han? Liu Xiang's Note to Biography of Women (IV): "Qi Qi Liang Zhi died in battle, his wife cried at the gate, and the city fell into ten days." Similarly, in the Tang Dynasty (anonymous) "Yi Yu Ji", it was recorded that "there was Qi Liang in the Qin Dynasty, and the daughter Zhong Zi was married and was killed by officials who built the Great Wall. Zhong Zi cried under the Great Wall, and the city collapsed. "This legend has prevailed in the Tang Dynasty, but Meng Zhongzi and Qi Liang were renamed Meng Jiangnu and Fan Xiliang in the legend.

? The story of Liang Zhu was first seen in the Tang Dynasty. Liang Zaiyan's Ten Stories and Four Stories records the story of Liang and Zhu's "two classmates" and "the same tomb". Late Tang dynasty? Zhang Du's Xuan Baozhi has a detailed record of this. In the Ming Dynasty, Feng Menglong's "Ancient and Modern Novels" added the plot of "Britain and Taiwan were puzzled, and Liang Chuanbo was suspicious and turned into a butterfly".

? The story of the white snake came into being at the latest, and its origin: First, it originated from the legendary white snake in the Tang Dynasty; One theory originated from the three towers of the West Lake. By the time of Feng Menglong's "The White Snake Forever True Leifeng Pagoda" (namely "Warning") in the Ming Dynasty, the story had been initially finalized.

In the Qin Dynasty, there was a kind and beautiful woman named Meng Jiangnv. One day, when she was doing housework in her yard, she suddenly found a man hiding under the grape trellis, which startled her and was about to shout. I saw the man waving his hand again and again, pleading, "Don't shout, don't shout, help me!" " My name is Fan Xiliang, and I'm here to escape. "It turned out that Qin Shihuang arrested people everywhere to do coolies in order to repair the Great Wall. I don't know how many people died of starvation! Meng Jiangnv saved Fan Xiliang. When she saw that he was sensible and had fine features, she fell in love with him, and Fan Xiliang fell in love with Meng Jiangnv. They are soul mates, and with the consent of their parents, they are ready to get married.

On the wedding day, Meng's family was decorated with lanterns and decorations, beaming with joy. Seeing that it was getting dark, the people who drank the wedding banquet gradually dispersed. The bride and groom were about to enter the bridal chamber when they heard a chicken fly and a dog bark. Then a group of vicious officers and men broke in. It's hard to say that they chained Fan Xiliang and took him to work in the Great Wall. The happy event went up in smoke, and Meng Jiangnv was filled with grief and indignation, missing her husband day and night. She thought that instead of sitting at home in a hurry, I would go to the Great Wall to find him myself. Yes! Do it! Meng Jiangnu immediately packed her bags and set off.

Along the way, I don't know how much wind, frost, rain and snow I have experienced and how many steep mountains and rivers I have trekked. Meng Jiangnv never cried a bitter word or shed a tear. Finally, with tenacious perseverance and deep love for her husband, she reached the Great Wall. At this time, the Great Wall is already a long wall composed of construction sites. Meng Jiangnv looked everywhere from one construction site to another, but never saw her husband. Finally, she summoned up her courage and asked a group of migrant workers who were about to go to work: "Do you have Fan Xiliang here?" Migrant workers said: "There is such a person, a newcomer." Hearing this, Meng Jiangnv was extremely happy! She quickly asked again, "Where is he?" The migrant workers said, "They are dead, and the bodies have been filled at the foot of the city!" " "

Suddenly hearing the bad news was like a bolt from the blue. Meng Jiangnv only felt black at the moment and burst into tears. I cried for three days and nights, and I cried so dark that even the sky was moved. It's getting dark and the wind is getting stronger and stronger. There was a loud crash, and a section of the Great Wall cried down, revealing its corpse. Meng Jiangnv's tears dripped on his bloody face. She finally met her beloved husband, but he never saw her again because he had been killed by the cruel Qin Shihuang.

Question 6: Is there a complete collection of folk fairy tales?

Egyptian mythology, Greek mythology, Nordic mythology, the twelve knights of Charlemagne.

King Arthur:

Egyptian mythology

Lord god:

Monk: God.

Lara: the sun god.

Anubis: the guardian of the tomb, escorting souls to another world, in the shape of a wolf's head.

Horus: God of vengeance, guardian of kingship, shaped like an eagle.

Isis/Auset: wife of Osiris, mother of Horus, mother of the earth, and also in charge of life.

Nut: God of the sky.

Osiris: Pluto also rules abundance.

Adon: Sun God.

Atum: The Sun God at dusk.

Khons/Chons: Son of Moon God Amon and Mott, also in charge of medicine.

Shu: God of air.

Min/Menu (Amsu): the patron saint of travelers, and also in charge of production and harvest.

Mo (Month/Mentu, Men Thu): Division of war, in the shape of an eagle's head.

Mott/Auramooth: The wife of Amon in charge of the war, in the shape of a lion.

Thoth: The God of Wisdom.

Seth: God of Chaos.

God of animals:

Best (Buster/Busteto Goddess): Cat God.

Edjo: the snake god, the symbol and patron saint of Lower Egypt.

Hector: Frog God.

Capri: Scarab.

Ram.

Sadie: The God of Elephants.

Sekhmet: the goddess of lioness.

Lequet: the god of scorpions.

Sobec: The God of Crocodiles.

Other gods:

Anuket: Water God.

Apis: the god of fertility and production in the shape of a bull.

Beth: The God of Music.

Geb (Seb): God of the earth,

harpo crats/hor-pa-kraat； Golden Dawn (Hoor-par-kraat): Horus's childhood title.

Hassall/Hutt-Helu (Hutt-Helu): Horus's wife, in charge of love and wealth.

Imhotep/Imotis: the patron saint of medicine and towers.

Matt: God of justice and order.

Naith (Neith/Net，Neit； Golden dawn: the god of wisdom and war.

Necbert: the patron saint of Upper Egypt.

Nefertis: The mother of Anubis and the patron saint of the dead.

God of creation.

Qetesh: God of love and beauty.

Shekel: god of light.

Tefnut: Rain God.

Horus (four sons of Horus): Protector of Pluto's body.

Amsett: One of the four sons of Horus, the protector of the deceased's liver.

Hapi, Golden Dawn, Ahfei): One of the four sons of Horus, the protector of the lungs of the Dead.

Dumet (Du Amter, Tu Amter; Golden Dawn (Thmoomathph): One of Horus' four sons, the patron saint of the deceased's stomach.

Keben Hanuev: One of Horus' four sons, the protector of the deceased's intestines.

Ra (sometimes spelled Re or Rah, also called Atum) was the sun god of Heliopolis in ancient Egypt. Since the fifth dynasty, Dora combined with the Thebes God Amon, and became the most important god in the Egyptian divinity system. & gt

Question 7: How are the main features of folk stories formed? What is a folk story? Folk stories are one of the important categories of folk literature. Broadly speaking, folk stories are oral literary works in the form of fictional prose created and disseminated by working people. They are all folk prose works, and some places call them "lies", "old sayings" and "ancient classics". Folk story is a kind of narrative story with a wide range of topics and full of fantasy, which tells the various relationships between people in strange language and symbol forms. Folk stories, like all excellent creations, are based on life itself, but they are not limited to the actual situation and what people think is true and reasonable. They often contain supernatural and whimsical elements. The characteristic of folk stories is 1. A long time ago, it is often enduring with the growth of human beings. 2. Oral communication, folk stories are mostly spread in oral form. 3. The plot is exaggerated and full of fantasy, showing people's good wishes. 4. Symbolic forms are often used, which often contain supernatural and whimsical elements. Folk stories, like all excellent creations, are based on life itself, but they are not limited to the actual situation and what people think is true and reasonable. Myths and legends [1] are the earliest fantasy oral prose works of mankind. The product of human childhood and the precedent of literature. Myth is based on the low level of productivity in ancient times, and people actively demand to know and dominate nature in order to survive and improve productivity. The content includes gods, immortals, ghosts, monsters and famous figures in history. Legends Legends Legends [2] are generally the result of "word of mouth", and the contents are mostly chivalrous, honest and corrupt officials and other people who are concerned by the people. This kind of story has a common feature, that is, what ordinary people can't do can be done in the story. Life story Life story [3] is the story of some little people. These stories are widely circulated among ordinary people, including love stories, witty characters stories, philosophical stories and so on. Tales of Talented Persons and Beautiful Women In ancient times, most ordinary people in China could not read, but they had a mentality of worshipping talented persons and beautiful women. There are many such stories circulating among some lower-class literati. The widespread spread of case-solving stories [5] is closely related to the darkness of feudal society. The people are looking forward to the birth of an honest official who speaks in the name, so the story of an honest official is widely circulated among the people and has become a sustenance of people's lives. In modern times, the case-solving story has become a topic of conversation after dinner, and it has also been widely circulated among the people. Folk stories express the voices of working people. What folk stories generally express the yearning of working people for a better life and a better future? Four ancient folk stories in China: The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, The Legend of the White Snake, Meng Jiangnu's Crying at the Great Wall and Liang Zhu.

Question 8: What are myths and legends? It is a story of ancient people's understanding and imagination of natural and cultural phenomena. It is an early unconscious artistic creation of human beings. Myth is not a scientific reflection of real life, but the result that people can't scientifically explain the origin and change of the world, natural phenomena and primitive social and cultural life because of the low level of productivity in ancient times. On the basis of their poor life experience, they personify the natural forces and the objective world with the help of imagination and fantasy.

Question 9: What folk stories are there in China? Cowherd and Weaver Girl, Meng Jiangnv, Liang Zhu and Legend of White Snake.

The Lair of the White Worm

The Legend of the White Snake consists of many well-known plots, such as "Xu Xian and the White Snake swam around the lake to borrow an umbrella", "White Snake drank realgar wine to show her true colors", "Stealing fairy grass to save Xu Xian", "Water overflowed the golden mountain and hit the sea", "Meeting at a broken bridge", "Fahai covered the White Snake under a golden bowl and pressed it under the Leifeng Tower" and "Xiaoqing forced the sea into the crab's belly". The Legend of the White Snake was originally edited by Feng Menglong, and people will naturally associate this story with the stone bridge (broken bridge) in the West Lake of Hangzhou, the Leifeng Pagoda on Zhao Qianfeng and the Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang. However, according to the new research of historians, the story of the legend of the White Snake originated in the Northern Song Dynasty, and its birthplace is Xujiagou, at the foot of Heishan Mountain in Hebi, Henan Province, by the Qihe River. Montenegro is also known as Jinshan. As early as the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Zuo Si recorded the love story of "an eyebrow with a calf" in Du Wei Fu: "The calf stands up and swims in the black mountains. Later, I joined my eyebrows and left, and people couldn't catch up. " Later, this story evolved into a story of "White Snake Makes Xu Xian", and the hero of the story also evolved from a "cheap beauty" to a white snake. According to legend, Xu's white snake was rescued from the raptor by an old man named Xu in Xujiagou. In return for saving his life, White Snake married the descendants of the Xu family. After marriage, Gong often treated villagers with herbs, which made the incense of the nearby "Jinshan Temple" gradually cold. Monk Fahai, the elder of Jinshan Temple reincarnated by Black Hawk, was very angry and determined to destroy Xu Xian's marriage and kill the white snake, which led to familiar plots such as "stealing fairy grass" and "flooding Jinshan Temple".

Yong Dong and the Seven Fairies.

There is a beautiful ancient love story between Yong Dong and the Seven Fairies, which is widely circulated among the people. According to textual research, the protagonist Yong Dong is from Boxing County, Binzhou, Shandong Province. Legend has it that Yong Dong sold herself to bury her father, and filial piety moved the seven fairies to marry him. Ten pieces of brocade were woven overnight to help Yong Dong pay his debts and get salvation. After slavery ended, both husband and wife went home. At this time, the jade emperor ordered the seven fairies to return to heaven. For Yong Dong, the seven fairies reluctantly bid farewell to their husbands' love story.

The Butterfly Lovers

The story of Liang Zhu has been circulated among the people for a long time. Look at the legendary Liang Shan Bo Bao Juan, Huashan JiYueFu, visiting relatives and friends, also known as Double Butterfly. Many operas have performed this classic love drama, among which Liang Zhu, a Yue opera, and Liu Yin, a Sichuan opera, are the most famous. The main idea of the play is: In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zhu Yingtai disguised herself as a man, went to Hangzhou (Nishan in Sichuan Opera) to study, and became brothers with Liang Shanbo in Lu Yu You Yue, and had been classmates for three years. After that, Zhu Yingtai returned home. Before the trip, he proposed to his wife Liang Shanbo. From the age of 18, Zhu Yingtai gave it to "Sister". Liang Shanbo was told and proposed to Jia Zhu. At this time, Zhu Ya Gong Yuan has married Ma Wencai, the son of Ma Taishou. Liang Zhu and his wife met on the balcony. After that, Liang Shanbo went home sick and died. When Zhu Yingtai got married, the sedan chair made a detour to Liang Shanbo's grave to pay homage. Thunder cracks the grave, and Yingtai enters it. Liang Zhu became a dancing butterfly. Butterfly lovers records that Liang was from the Ming Dynasty and Zhu was from the Southern and Northern Dynasties, separated by thousands of years. Zhu Benben was a chivalrous woman who robbed the rich and helped the poor. She once went to Ma Taishou's house to steal money. Finally, Ma Zhong's son Ma Wencai was ambushed and died by the sword. The people were buried with a heavy burial, and a monument was erected in front of the grave, with "Zhu Yingtai's Female Tomb" engraved on the front and recorded in detail on the back. Over the years, the monument sank underground. Liang is from Yinxian County, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. He is honest, middle-aged and childless. When he was buried after his death, he dug up his tombstone. Many people felt sorry for it, but they thought it was inappropriate to bury it for Liang, so they buried it together and set up a monument, with Liang in black and Zhu in red ... Since then, the legend of the dispatcher has been interpreted. It is reported that "Liangzhu Culture" is applying for the United Nations "Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" (World Cultural Heritage). In addition, the violin concerto "Butterfly Lovers" has also become one of the top ten most classic music tracks in China.

Question 10: What are the top ten folk stories in China? Ancestors of 65438 +0 Media God

Nu Wa is a goddess widely worshipped by China people for a long time. She is regarded as the creator and ancestor god. Legend has it that Nu Wa can transform everything, and her greatest achievement is to refine the stone to make up the sky, and the second is to make people unearthed.

Nu Wa made chickens, dogs, sheep, pigs, cows and horses on the first day of the first month. On the seventh day, people began to be composed of loess and water. Considering that people should continue from generation to generation, they created a marriage system to promote the combination of men and women to have children, so Nu Wa became the first matchmaker and was regarded as a media god by later generations, also known as "high C", which was mentioned in the second chapter of this book. The ceremony of offering sacrifices to the god of marriage was very grand. When building Nu Wa Niang Temple or Gao C Temple, the highest etiquette is to sacrifice her, which is too prison (pigs, cattle, sheep and everything). These temples are still preserved in Luoning, Shandong, Hejin, Shanxi and Yidu, Jiangxi. The appearance of Nu Wa God reflects that in matriarchal clan society, women are the center of marriage, and the matriarch holds the marital affairs of the whole clan.

The second cowherd and weaver girl

The story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is the first of the four legends in China (the four legends in China are Cowherd and the Weaver Girl, the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, Meng Jiangnv and Liang Zhu, all of which praise the sincere love between men and women). Cowherd and Weaver Maid originated from the worship of stars in primitive beliefs, which deified and personified the stars. There are many legends of gods in China, such as Twenty-eight Nights, Qinglong, White Tiger, Suzaku, Xuanwu, Kuixing, and the Antarctic Old Man.

Altair, also known as Altair, is one of the 28 lodges in Xuanwu Lake in the north and the second of the seven lodges. Vega, also called Tiansun, is in the west of the Milky Way, opposite Altair in the east of the Milky Way.

After the Eastern Han Dynasty, the love story of Cowherd and Weaver Girl spread among the people. The Weaver Girl is the granddaughter of the Jade Emperor. She fell in love with the cowherd, got married and gave birth to a son and a daughter. Seeing this, the Jade Emperor sent the Queen Mother down to escort the Weaver Girl back for trial, and a loving couple were separated alive. With the help of the old cow, Cowherd was heartbroken and chased him to the sky. He was about to catch up when the Queen Mother tore off the golden hairpin on her head and Tianhe appeared. Cowherd and Weaver Girl were blocked by Tianhe and could only cry across the river. This touched the jade emperor and made them meet in Tianhe on July 7 every year, bridged by magpies. Since then, the seventh day of July has become a folk festival, called "Seven Skillful Days" and "Begging Skillful Days". On this day, girls and daughters-in-law should wear needles to seek cleverness-to seek the cleverness and dexterity of the weaver girl.

No.3 luna

Luna is one of the most popular immortals in China. Moon God is also called Moon Goddess, Moon Star Lord, Moon Aunt, Moon Bodhisattva, etc. The worship of luna has a long history in China, and it is also a common phenomenon all over the world. It originated from the worship of celestial bodies in primitive beliefs. In the dark, the moon brings light to people; The dim moonlight will make people have a lot of reverie, which leads to many beautiful and moving stories, and the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon is one of them. Legend has it that Chang 'e was the wife of Hou Yi, who shot for nine days and offended the Emperor of Heaven and demoted them to earth. Later, Hou Yi got the elixir of life from the Queen Mother of the West. After eating food secretly, Chang 'e went to heaven, lived in the Moon Palace and became Chang 'e. This incident is recorded in Shan Hai Jing, Search for Ji Shen and other ancient books.

Since then, luna has been widely worshipped by people. When men and women fell in love in ancient China, they made love under the moon and prayed to the moon god. Some separated lovers also pray for reunion to the moon god. Guan Hanqing, a great dramatist in Yuan Dynasty, wrote Moon Pavilion. Cui Yingying in The West Chamber also confided to luna devoutly, hoping to meet the right person. In the 18th episode of "Continued Jin Ping Mei" written by Ding in Qing Dynasty, a couple of courtiers, Zheng Yuqing and privately tasted the forbidden fruit, pushed open the window, and both knelt down and faced the bright moon.

When I am bored, I am alone in the moonlight, thinking about me and my friends. Moonlight Bodhisattva, check with me: I treat him with true feelings, and I treat him with true feelings, brother! He lied to me!

Many ethnic minorities in our country are also popular with the customs of Yue Bai. For example, Miao people have "jumping on the moon" activities, where young men and women look for their sweetheart, pour out their love and unite as one forever.

Get off the old man on the 4 th

The old man under the moon is the god who specializes in marriage in China myths and legends, also known as "the old man under the moon". According to Shen's "Six Chapters of a Floating Life", "Holding HongLing in one hand and signing a marriage certificate in the other, you are a child, and Mercedes-Benz is driving in the smoke." In many parts of China, there are ancient temples. For example, there is an old temple in Baiyun Temple under the lonely mountain of West Lake in Hangzhou. There is a pair of couplets hanging on both sides of the temple, which is very famous.

This is the reason why many people worship the old moon for thousands of years. History records that the moon is very old ... >>