The difference between Chinese and foreign buildings is 300 words.

Secular architecture has always been in an overwhelming position in the ancient architectural system of China, while religious architecture is in a subordinate position.

Western ancient buildings: temples and churches, ancient China: palaces, tombs and altars representing kingship. Political and ethical buildings such as Afang Palace in Qin Dynasty, Weiyang Palace in Han Dynasty, Daming Palace in Tang Dynasty and Forbidden City in Ming and Qing Dynasties are far more magnificent than religious buildings such as temples.

2. The ancient buildings in China, including religious buildings, are always rational and sober, with little religious fanaticism and mystery.

The Confucian spirit of advocating rationality has shaped the national character and psychological temperament of China people who tend to be quiet, serene, reserved and restrained, which is manifested in the strong secularity and secularity of architecture. Not to mention secular buildings such as palaces and houses, even religious buildings such as temples are rarely at a loss and mysterious.

Secular spirit can be seen everywhere in the temple buildings in China, from the overall layout to the details. Siheyuan is the essence of China architecture, which was originally a typical residential system. However, after Buddhism was introduced into China, it became the main form of temple architecture. The layout of Buddhist temples is generally courtyard-style, with the main buildings lined up from south to north, with attached halls on both sides. The main hall and the attached hall each form a quadrangle system, and the main hall adopts a roof or a rest peak.

Moreover, Buddhist temples are often surrounded by towering old trees, full of green outside the temple, and green mountains and green waters. It looks like a small folk courtyard with excellent scenery, which embodies the realistic feelings of China people enjoying life everywhere and lacks the mysterious fanaticism pursued by western religious buildings.

Gothic

12 to 15 th century European medieval art style is usually called "Gothic" style. Goth is the name of a savage nomadic tribe in Scandinavia. The famous Italian painter Raphael first used the word "Gothic" to criticize the architectural style of Central and Northern Europe before the Renaissance, that is, he used the word "Gothic" as a synonym for "barbarism".

Architectural features of Gothic churches;

First of all, it has set a new record in volume and height. From the height of the central hall of the church, the central hall in Cologne, Germany is as high as 48 meters; The church in Ulm, Germany, is 16 1 m high from the height of the church bell tower.

Secondly, the upward motivation of the body is very strong. No matter the walls and towers are thinner and thinner, the decorations are more and more exquisite, and there are sharp spires on the top. Not only are all the coupons sharp, but the upper ends of local and detailed buildings are also sharp. The whole church is full of upward momentum, creating a "inhuman" realm and giving people a sense of mystery.

Cologne Cathedral, located on the Rhine, was founded in 1248 and completed in 1880, which lasted more than 630 years. Up to now, thousands of drawings of churches have been designed, which is unprecedented in the history of building churches. Cologne Cathedral is a Gothic building with a length of144m and a width of 6 1. It is the largest church in Germany and one of the most famous and magnificent cathedrals in Europe and even in the world. It has become a symbol of Cologne. Cologne Cathedral is built on a hill on the Rhine, and it is divided into five floors from top to bottom. The two minarets on the front 16 1 meter high are spectacular like two giant swords going straight into the blue sky. The dome of the central auditorium is 43 meters high. The windows on the four walls are story patterns in the Bible inlaid with stained glass. There are a large number of stone reliefs with the theme of the story of the Virgin Mary and Jesus inside and outside the church, which are exquisite in workmanship, lifelike in portrait and extremely precious. Every night, the spotlights around are very bright, and the beams are directed at the church, making it more magnificent, magical and charming.

Without God in the hearts of China people, there is no need to build towering spires like those in the Middle Ages in the West. Without dialogue with God, there is no need to create a rising atmosphere and mysterious light and shadow changes. Therefore, the spires of Gothic buildings soar into the sky, and the swaying posture of churches has never appeared on the land of China. China's religious architecture lacks a fanatical upward pull from the real land to the religious kingdom.

3. The consciousness of worshipping God in the west creates the concept of eternity. Using marble, brick and other building materials, China lacks the eternal concept and uses wood structure.

Buildings are built for lofty gods. The longer they are kept, the more people can admire and worship God. Classical buildings such as famous churches and temples left over from the West are basically built of stone. Due to the separation of China's traditional culture and religion, China people lack the concept of eternity. In architecture, the cultural concept of not seeking primitive permanence has been formed, which is one of the reasons why the wooden building system in China has been enduring for thousands of years. Rich pro-wood plots have been clearly manifested in the architecture of various dynasties, from the famous Qin Epang Palace, Han Weiyang Palace, Tang Daming Palace and Forbidden City in Ming and Qing Dynasties to the homes of unknown ordinary people, from Liu Yuxi's humble house and Du Fu Caotang destroyed by autumn wind to Ouyang Xiu's drunken pavilion and the grand view of a dream of red mansions. Without exception, it is a world built by civil engineering. Buildings built by civil engineering are prone to decay and fire, and it is difficult to protect and maintain them, so there are not a few buildings that have disappeared in the long river of history. Even so, people still have a soft spot for the wooden frame system.

Third, highlight the spiritual level of the ceremony.