Mortise and tenon structure in mortise and tenon structure furniture

Traditional furniture in China is tenon-mortise structure. Different parts of different furniture have different tenon and mortise styles and structures. Let's take a look at the mortise and tenon structure of some classic furniture:

1, chuck tenon

This is a tenon-mortise structure, which is often used in box-type furniture. With this structure, the four legs can clamp the rack and connect it into a box, so that the angle between the desktop and the legs is not easy to change, and the four legs follow the weight of the desktop evenly. For a long time, the collet tenon has stood the test of practice and is still widely used today.

Step 2: dovetail

Wedge tenon, also called pin tenon, also called key tenon. The tenon-mortise structure commonly used in arc-shaped material connection is to cut the upper and lower tenons on the arc-shaped material, and then insert the parallelogram wedge nail in the middle, so that the connecting material can move up and down, left and right, and the connection is tight.

Basic practice: two tenons overlap, and the uvula on the tenon enters the groove at the same time, so that it cannot move up and down. Then cut a square hole in the middle of the lap joint, and insert a wedge nail with a square cross section, one side is slightly thicker and the other side is slightly thinner, so that it cannot move left and right. Wedges and tenons are mostly used in the frame structure of round furniture, such as incense sticks, sitting piers, round stools and the splicing of "crescent handrails" of round chairs.

3. Shoulder tenon

Shoulder tenon refers to the tenon-mortise structure used when the legs and feet of waist-binding furniture are combined with waist-binding and rack. It can also be said that it is a tenon-mortise structure in which the horizontal part and the vertical part of furniture are connected. From the appearance, the cross section of this tenon is a semi-silver ingot-shaped hanging pin, which is sleeved with the notch on the back of the toothed strip, so that the waist and rack are firm and stable.

4. Zongjiao tenon

Zongzi is a kind of folk food, and the "Zongjiao tenon" is named because of its shape like Zongzi angle. Jiangnan folk carpentry, also known as the "pointed triangle", is mostly used for furniture with flat sides.

More common in tables, cabinets, bookshelves and other furniture. Cut a 45-degree inclined shoulder at the joint of the leg and the plate frame, the inner side of the inclined shoulder is hollowed out, and the lower corner of the plate frame is also carved into a 45-degree oblique angle. When assembled, the oblique angle of the mirror frame coincides with the oblique shoulder on the leg, so that the outer edge of the mirror frame and the leg are spliced into a plane, and the appearance is very neat.

5. Save edges and grooves (grooves and frames)

Its concrete practice: there are four wooden frames, two with long tenons called "big edges" and two with short holes called "plastering heads". Grooves are made in the inner mouth of the wooden frame to accommodate the side springs of the wooden board (tenons cut around the jigsaw puzzle), and the head is inserted into the mortise of the large face. In this way, you can put the board into the wooden frame by the method of "saving edges, slotting and installing boards"

Step 5 cross

Names of furniture parts in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Square stiles and square stools have diagonal cross stiles on their four legs, commonly known as "cross stiles".

6. Dovetail joint (mother of tenons)

The two flat plates are connected at right angles, and the tenons are made into steps to prevent them from coming off when being pulled, hence the name "dovetail joint".

Dovetail joint is a kind of right-angle joint of flat wood, and the terrace-shaped tenon can make the corners of the workpiece join with high strength and avoid stress separation. Because of its good mechanical properties, dovetail joint is very common in wooden furniture.

The above are common mortise and tenon structures in several classical furniture, and more mortise and tenon structures are welcome.