Reading materials: materials-Greek classical humanism is gradually formed in the exploration and thinking of human nature, and its internal essence is the shaping of human soul.

(1) Core: the va

Reading materials: materials-Greek classical humanism is gradually formed in the exploration and thinking of human nature, and its internal essence is the shaping of human soul.

(1) Core: the value of people and the decisive role of people (2 points).

Social roots: the prosperity of industry and commerce and the development of democratic politics in ancient Greece. (2 points)

(2) Basic principles: maintaining harmonious relations and advocating kindness; Advocate the rule of courtesy; Pay attention to morality; Advocate honesty. (4 points) (Note: 2 points are required for each answer, and 2 points can be obtained)

(3)*** Same proposition: Criticize the absolute monarchy.

Reasons: The small-scale peasant economy was dominant in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the germination of capitalism was very fragile, which made China's early democratic thought lack a strong material foundation; The bondage and influence of China traditional culture; Thinkers such as Huang Zongxi represent the interests and demands of the landlord class and cannot come up with a new social plan (6 points). (Note: As long as you think, summarize and answer from three aspects: politics, economy and ideology, you can score according to historical facts. )

Enlightenment: the economic foundation determines the superstructure (social existence determines social consciousness) (2 points)

Test analysis: (1) This question examines students' ability to use what they have learned to summarize materials. From the material "Greek classical humanism is gradually formed in the exploration and thinking of human nature, and its internal essence is to shape human soul and cultivate rational spirit", we can know that the core of ancient Greek humanistic spirit is to emphasize human value and dignity and the decisive role of human beings. According to the knowledge learned, the origin of ancient Greek humanistic spirit is related to the political and economic conditions of ancient Greece.

(2) This question examines students' ability to analyze materials. The material "people should maintain harmonious relationship" embodies the principle of maintaining harmonious relationship; The material "puts forward a series of etiquette models that meet the needs of social development" to advocate the rule of etiquette; The material "puts forward' righteousness' as the first pursuit" and emphasizes the importance of morality; The material "should treat others sincerely" embodies the principle of good faith.

(3) According to the knowledge learned, Huang Zongxi opposed the autocratic monarchy. The material "Montesquieu and Rousseau put forward a blueprint for a bourgeois country with" separation of powers ",which reflected that the enlightenment thinkers also opposed the autocratic monarchy, so they could get their thoughts. According to the material that "the new economic form is still weak" and the knowledge that "Huang Zongxi represents the interests and demands of the landlord class", this paper summarizes the answer to the reason why China's progressive thought in Ming and Qing Dynasties did not become a "declaration of modern society". Through the difference between them, we can get the enlightenment that social existence determines social consciousness.