Basic Knowledge of Freight Forwarding

Basic knowledge of freight forwarding

As an international freight forwarder, because the ship in and out of different countries, so should be familiar with the world's geography and routes, the location of the port, transshipment and its inland distribution center. So, the following is the bottom of the oil I am organizing for you the basic knowledge of freight forwarding, welcome to read and browse.

First, freight forwarders must be familiar with the general knowledge of maritime geography.

First of all, as an international freight forwarder, due to the ship in and out of different countries, so should be familiar with the world geography and routes, the location of the port, transshipment and its inland distribution center. Secondly, the freight forwarder should also understand the mode of international trade and its development trend, the flow of goods, such as Western Europe and the United States, Canada, Japan and other highly industrialized countries, a large number of developing countries from the import of raw materials, and export of manufactured goods to these countries.

2. Freight forwarders should be familiar with the applicability of different types of transportation modes for goods.

There are four modes of transportation in the world shipping market: liner transportation, chartered ship transportation, NVOCC transportation and multimodal transportation. Liner transportation is characterized by fixed time, fixed route, fixed port order and fixed rates. Chartered ship transportation, i.e., irregular transportation, refers to the non-fixed routes and schedules, according to the supply and demand relationship in the shipping market, can be engaged in operating business on any routes, tariffs can still be negotiated, and is suitable for bulk cargo transportation. NVOCC refers to the carrier engaged in regular operation, but does not own or operate the ships required for sea transportation, NVOCC relative to the actual shipper is the identity of the carrier, but relative to the actual carrier and the identity of the shipper. For owners or shippers, choose the appropriate ` mode of transportation, determine whether the freight forwarder in the following aspects of the business:

1, the regularity of the transportation service, such as goods must be shipped in a fixed period of time should be selected liner transportation;

2, the speed of transportation;

3, the cost of transportation, when the transportation time and speed of transportation is not the shipper or owner of goods Consideration of the main factors, the freight rate becomes the most important;

4, the reliability of transportation, the choice of freight to be entrusted to the shipping company should be examined before the strength of its reputation, in order to reduce the possibility of becoming a victim of maritime fraud;

5, the operating conditions and responsibilities, ostensibly the owner of a ship to the ship enjoys the ownership of the ship, but in fact he mortgaged the ship to the bank, and through the operating contract with the bank and become the operator. The bank's operating contract and become the operator. This will have a negative impact on the interests of cargo owners in future cargo transportation disputes in court.

Three, the freight forwarder should understand the adaptability of different types of ships to the owner's cargo.

As a freight forwarder, it is important to understand the characteristics of the ship, such as the ship's country of registry and and tonnage, gross registered tons (GRT), net registered tons (NRT), bulk cellar, packing cellar, gross deadweight tons (DWT), load line, ship class and other aspects of knowledge. The better freight forwarder should also understand several types of cargo ships, such as liners, semi-containerized ships, semi-palletized ships, bulk carriers, ro-ro ships and full container ships. The third generation of container ships have a capacity of 2000-3000 TEU and can pass through the Panama Canal, so they are also known as Panama-type ships.

Four, first-class freight forwarders should be familiar with shipping regulations.

In addition to understanding the "Hague Rules", "Wisbey Rules", "Hamburg Rules" in addition to the appropriate understanding of the export of goods or the destination port of the country's maritime regulations, port operations and other habits.

V. First-class freight forwarders should be skilled in the operation of maritime cargo transportation documents, and to ensure that the base production of correct, clear and timely.

The main shipping documents include bill of lading, sea waybill, manifest, delivery note, bill of lading, packing list, port receipt, big vice receipt and so on.

Sixth, the better freight forwarders should know the customs procedures and port operations process.

In the import and export trade, customs clearance is a traditional function of the freight forwarder. In the dual relationship between the freight forwarder and the customs authority and its customers, the legal position of the freight forwarder, the provisions of each country are not the same, but the customs agent is usually authorized by the government. The customer should consider whether the freight forwarder, in its capacity as customs agent, has the ability to protect both the customer and the customs authority from liability in the performance of its duties. It is important that the freight forwarder has the ability to act as an agent for loss to departure procedures, bonded storage, inland clearance, etc., and the ability to operate port procedures. In addition, the freight forwarder can provide a lower freight rate is also an important factor to consider, freight forwarders are mainly closely related to liner rates. Of course, the examination of the freight forwarder should also pay attention to some other factors such as creditworthiness. The operation of a first-class freight forwarder is very important for cargo owners to complete the trade contract.