What are the arts and sports?

Painting

Abbreviated as "national painting", one of China's traditional plastic arts. It is a self-contained system in the world of fine arts. Roughly can be divided into; figures, landscape, boundary painting, flowers, fruits and vegetables, plumes, animals, insects and fish, etc.; brushwork, writing, crochet, color, ink and other forms of techniques, color can be divided into gold and blue, the size of the green and green, bone, splash of color, light color, light red, and so on several kinds. The main use of line and ink color changes, with hooks, chapped, dotted, dyed, thick, light, dry, wet, yin, yang, to, back, false, solid, sparse, dense and white and other means of expression, to depict the object and the position of the business; the layout of the scene, the field of view is broad, and is not confined to the focal point of perspective. There are murals, hanging scrolls, scrolls, albums, fans and other forms of painting, supplemented by the traditional framing process. Figure painting from the late Zhou Dynasty to the Han Wei Dynasty and the Six Dynasties gradually matured. Landscape, flowers, birds and animals to the Sui and Tang dynasties began to form an independent painting. The Five Dynasties and the two Song dynasties competed with each other, and ink painting became prevalent, and landscape painting became a major subject. Literati painting has been developed in the Song Dynasty, and to the Yuan Dynasty, the style of painting tends to write; Ming and Qing Dynasties and recent development, increasingly focusing on the meaning of God. In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the North and South Dynasties, the Tang Dynasty and the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chinese painting was successively influenced by Buddhist art and Western painting. Chinese painting emphasizes "to learn from the outside, to get the source of the heart", requires "the intention of the first pen, painting in the intention", emphasizes the melting of things and me, creating the mood, to achieve the shape of God, both the shape and the spirit of the vividness of the atmosphere. Since painting and calligraphy have the same origin, and both of them have a close connection with bone brushwork and line running in expressing emotions, painting and calligraphy and seal cutting influence each other, forming a significant artistic characteristic. The tools and materials used in painting are the special Chinese brushes, ink, paper, inkstone and silk. Modern Chinese painting has made breakthroughs and developments in terms of inheriting traditions and absorbing foreign techniques.

Danqing

China's ancient paintings were often painted in vermillion and green, so they were called "danqing". Han Book - Su Wu biography: "Bamboo and silk contained, Danqing painted." Du Fu's "Danqing Citation for General Cao Ba": "Danqing does not know that old age will come, and wealth and riches are like floating in me." Folk called the painter "master of painting". It also refers to the art of painting in general, such as the Book of Jin - Gu Kaizhi biography: "especially good at painting."

Painter

This refers to an art worker who takes painting as a lifelong profession. Folk called "master of painting". According to the social status: folk painters, court painters (Han Dynasty, "Shangfang painters", "Huangmen painters", etc.). From the type of work to be divided into: fresco painters, lacquer painters, porcelain painters, New Year's Eve painters, lamp fan painters, carving painters. Painting is an important part of the national painting tradition. From the authors to the works of the paintings of all times, the painters and their works accounted for a considerable majority, but in the feudal society, has been subject to the ruling class discrimination and discredit. Occasionally seen in historical records or legends of the painters, there are: the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Lu Ban, Western Han Mao Yanshou, etc., the Eastern Han Wei change, etc., the Tang Dynasty, Song Fazhi (had with Wang Xuanze to India to copy and paint the image of the Buddha), Song Wengjun (Dun hundred and ninety-six grottoes mural maker), the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Daheng, Southern Song xiaozhao, the Yuan Dynasty, Ma Junxiang and his eldest son, such as horse seven, and Zhu Hao Gu's disciples, Zhang Zunli (Yongle Palace mural painting workers), etc., the Ming Dynasty, Lu Hong, River Chung, etc. (Wenshu Mountain, Wenshushan Grottoes murals, etc.), the Wenshu Mountain mural painting workers (Wiquan) In the Ming Dynasty, there were Lu Hong and He Zhong (mural painters of Jiuquan Wenshu Mountain Grottoes), and in the Qing Dynasty, there were Zhang Wenhui, Zhang Taikou, and Liang Tingyu. New Year's paintings, there are Yang Liuqing Zhang deaf, Dai Lisan, Gao Tongxuan, Yang continued, Yan Wenhua, etc., the stilt in Peach Blossom View old money, and so on. Modern China's painters, roughly divided into "Beijing-style" (Beijing region) and "Suzhou-style" (Suzhou region) two categories, Beijing-style colorful paintings to decorate the horror of the pattern is good at: Suzhou-style colorful paintings, in order to draw flowers and birds as a specialty. In addition to landscapes, birds and flowers, the subjects taken for figure painting are mostly popular folk opera stories and novels. He taught his pupils by hand, and had a lot of old manuscripts in his hand. They can make their own pigments. Some masters have the ability to create their own manuscripts.

Silent Poetry

Also known as "tangible poetry". An alternative name for painting. Because the meaning of painting and poetry are connected, it is so called. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Di had the Eight Scenes of Xiaoxiang, which was called "silent poetry", and the poet monk Huihong assigned poems to each of the Eight Scenes of Xiaoxiang, calling himself a "painting with sound", as a counterpoint. Huang Tingjian's "Second Rhyme for Zizhan Yuyu's Diversion and Silence" reads, "Li Hou refused to spit out his words, and wrote a silent poem in ink." Zhang Shunmin's "Poems and Paintings by Hundred": "Poetry is invisible painting, painting is visible poetry."

Palm painting

A type of Chinese painting. Refers to the ancient drawings painted on silk fabric. The earliest age of silk paintings have been unearthed in Changsha, Hunan Province, the Warring States Chu tomb silk paintings of three: a painted around the image of exotic plants and animals, in the writing of the text, more than unrecognizable, known as the "Zengshu"; the second painting of a long-sleeved, thin-waisted woman, the side of the palms and stood up, on the phoenix, dragon; the third painting of a high crown and long-sleeved man, the side of the driver of a huge dragon, the dragon body If the boat. After the founding of the state of the Western Han Dynasty, excavations have unearthed silk paintings: in January 1972, Changsha, Hunan Province, Mawangdui No. 1 Han Tomb; in November 1973, the same area of the Han Tomb No. 3; are covered in the inner coffin on the colorful silk paintings, for the "T" shaped, called the "non-clothing". The picture is basically divided into three parts: heaven, earth and underground scenes, and the one excavated in May 1976 from the No. 9 Han Tomb in Jinqushan, Linyi, Shandong Province, is a rectangular banner, with the same content as the above two pictures, except that the weight of the "earthly" part has been increased. All three figures belong to the early Western Han Dynasty. At that time, the trend of burial was very prevalent, and these paintings on silk were burial goods. The content of the paintings is ancient myths and legends; the characters are portrayed with the nature of custom paintings; the combination of realism and craftsmanship, the line drawings are neat and sharp, and the colors are gorgeous and harmonious, showing that there was a fairly high level of art at that time, which was the genesis of the tradition of realism in Chinese paintings. The lacquer paintings in the tomb of Sima Jinyu of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the scrolls of Gu Kaizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which are in the same lineage.

Lacquer painting

A type of painting. It is a kind of crafted decorative picture painted with lacquer. Lacquer craft has been in the Shang Dynasty, and this craft tends to be developed in the Warring States period. Hunan, Hubei, Henan and other places, there are lacquerware unearthed. Changsha Yang Chu tomb unearthed lacquer, pattern fine, some lacquer trousseau, depicting the dance, hunting scenes, full of interest, Hubei Yunmeng Chengguan western sleeping tiger unearthed lacquerware pieces, pattern exquisite, fluent lines, state of the vivid, of which the lacquer pelvis a is the only existing Qin dynasty lacquer painting works.