Basic knowledge of music theory

Basic knowledge of musical notation

There are many ways to record music, and in ancient China, there were several categories of notation, such as written notation and working notation, which were used for different musical instruments, such as guqin notation and pipa notation. Similar to the written word, the musical score is a system of symbols prescribed by the people. No matter what kind of notation is used, its purpose is to accurately record the music so that it can be transmitted and reproduced (performed) according to this record. The pentatonic score is a modern, internationally recognized notation, and after mastering the pentatonic score, learning simple music will be very easy.

Classification of sheet music

Classification of sheet music

1. In ancient China, there were five tones: Gong, Shang, Jue, Zheng (zhi), and Yu, which corresponded to 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 in the simplified score. The five notes are the basic notes of a musical score, and they are used in ancient music compositions. When composing a piece of music, one of the tones is used to set the tone, and only in the music are the syllables, several notes, and the length of the tones reflected. Such as Yunnan folk song "Little River Runs Through the Water" is so composed, the whole song did not 47 two tone appeared, is a traditional folk song.

2, simple music, is a simple notation. There are two kinds of letters and numbers. Generally known as the simple score, refers to the digital score. Numerical notation is based on the movable choral method, with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, representing the scale of seven basic levels, the pronunciation of do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, rests to 0. The time value name of each number is equivalent to the 4th note of the pentatonic scale.

The prototype of the digital score was first seen in Europe in the 16th century, and in the 17th century, the French Catholic Franciscan clergyman J. J. Sueti improved it and used it to teach and sing religious songs. 18th century, the famous French thinker J. J. Rousseau improved it again, and vigorously advocated it and compiled it into his Dictionnaire de la musique. 19th century, after the continued improvement of the three people, P. Gallant, A. Paris and E. J. M. Shewey, it is the first time in the world that the score has been used in Europe. -In the 19th century, after P. Garland, A. Parris and E. J. M. Shewey continued to improve and popularize it, it was widely used among the masses. Therefore, this kind of simple music in the West is known as "Gar-Pa-Shee's method of notation".

At the end of the 19th century, simple notation was introduced to Japan, and then to China, where it was published in 1904 by Shen Xin Gong, the earliest collection of simple notation in China; it was gradually popularized in schools around the world, and in the 1930s, with the launch of the Salvation Songs Movement, simple notation was widely circulated among the masses.

Because the notation of simple music is quite close to the Chinese staff score (a kind of written score popular in Chinese folklore), the development of simple music in China has been unprecedented, and in terms of the world, China is the country that absorbed simple music the best and carried it forward the most. And the pentatonic score, through the Western-centered music education system, has been basically in all countries, in the school has been one of the mandatory project, it for the world of music unified in a score provides the basis.

3. The pentatonic score is the world's most common notation. In the five equidistant parallel lines, labeled with different values of 'notes and other notation to record music - a method. Each line of the pentatonic score and the space between the lines are called the first, second, third, fourth and fifth lines and the first, second, third and fourth intervals, respectively, from the bottom up. Lines and intervals may be added above or below the pentatonic scale if they are not sufficient. The additional lines and intervals are each called the upper plus the first line, the upper plus the first intervals, the lower plus the first line, the lower plus the first intervals, etc., and each represents a tone level. The fixed height of these levels is determined by the clef used. There are three types of clefs: treble clef, also known as G clef, bass clef, also known as F clef, and alto clef, also known as C clef. Pentatonic music to adapt to the needs of different registers of the human voice and instruments, and to avoid excessive addition of lines, there are a variety of clefs, of which there are five commonly used: that is, soprano clef (with the G clef): bass clef (with the F clef), soprano clef, alto clef, the lower alto clef (the latter three with the C 'clef). The soprano clef is no longer commonly used, the alto clef is used only for the viola, and the tenor clef is often used in the higher registers of the cello, tuba, and trombone. There are also euphonium clef, mezzo-soprano clef and so on.

4, braille notation, is a kind of notation for the blind. Divided into six-dot notation (current) and 12-dot notation (innovative) two kinds. Six-point system sheet music, invented by the father of French Braille Louis Braille (Louis Braille), a side of the dotted notes can only express the sound of the tone of the name and time value (whole note to 64 cents), the sound of the group another side of the dotted notes. 12-point system sheet music, invented on the basis of the "12-point system of three spellings of the dotted word", like a short-hand score, one side of the dotted notes can be expressed as a complete note (time value, name and pitch), the expressive power of the music is more powerful. The music is more expressive.

Description:

1, three dotted columns of notes form a party of 12 dotted notes, the first column of dotted notes expresses the value of the note, the second column of dotted notes expresses the name of the note,

the third column expresses the group of notes; notes can be realized with.

2, the beat number (X0Y), located in the beginning of the whole song, the first column of dotted notes expresses the time value of each beat, the third column of dotted notes expresses the number of beats.

3, legato (X0Z), the first column of dots indicates the time value of each beat, the third column of dots indicates the time value of the legato.

4, chord notes (XX0), the root note is unchanged, the non-root note is omitted from the group of dots.

5, leaning note (D00), the front leaning note, the leaning note is placed in front of the leaning note; the back leaning note, the leaning note is placed in front of the

main note, and the back leaning note is placed behind the main note.

Music sheet music is categorized in two ways

Sheet music that is more specific to how different kinds of instruments are played, such as piano sheet music, guitar sheet music, guzheng sheet music, pipa sheet music, and so on.

Classification and Characteristics of Music

According to the status of voice part and voice part:

1. Monophonic music - music with only one melody, such as unaccompanied solo, solo, unison, etc.;

2. Polyphonic music - music with several tunes in harmony, and they are both compatible with each other and independently developed, Polyphonic music has reached a high degree of perfection in the hands of Bach, and it has been widely recognized as the most important music in the world. In Bach's hands, polyphonic music has reached a high level of perfection.

3. Principal key music - is a kind of music in which one voice plays the main theme, and the rest of the voices accompany the main theme with harmonies. Haydn is the main representative.

According to the nature of the music:

1. Pure music - is entirely dependent on the language of music, rather than borrowing any title to express the content of the work. It also has a title, such as "Sonata No. 1", but this refers only to the genre of the music and does not indicate the content of the piece. The composer of the piece that you are going to listen to has a general understanding of the composer's time, experience, worldview, and the context in which the piece was written.

2. Title music - instrumental music that is based on a certain theme and uses the title to suggest the center of the piece. It is often taken from literature, theater, history, folklore or real life. They use detailed text to explain the characteristics of the whole piece and each movement. It can be said that title music is the literaryization of music. The title is a direction indicated by the composer in advance to help the appreciator to associate with it, and does not have any limiting effect.

3. Light music - refers to the light and lively, popular music, short structure of the music, is the opposite of serious classical music. Appreciation of light music does not require serious thinking and rational activities, it only gives people the enjoyment of beauty, cultivate people's sentiment.

4. Jazz music - is a popular dance music. It is a kind of popular dance music. It is a kind of music that emerged from the black people in the United States, and this kind of music has no fixed sheet music, and each musician improvises and plays, keeping a rough "tacit understanding". Improvisation has always been a major feature of jazz music. It can be argued that jazz music is the essence of American musical culture.