I have a certain programming foundation. What do you need to learn if you want to make an intelligent hardware (such as robots and smart home products)?

This is what we learned in college. Let me tell you what courses we study.

Fundamentals of electronic circuit technology

Basic Analog Electronics

Fundamental Digital Electronic Technique

Fundamentals of mechanics

The knowledge of circuit, analog electricity and counting electricity is mainly to help you design circuits.

Mechanics is how the robot's arm moves when it is electrified.

If you want to design comprehensively, you may need books such as college physics and engineering mathematics, and design drawings of mechanical parts. You still need to learn how to draw engineering drawings, and you'd better learn CAD again.

Circuit design can also use circuit simulation software Multisim, Proteus, etc.

Protel knowledge will be used when designing PCB.

Multisim also has a plate making function, which is not very easy to use.

Of course, to program robots, you have to learn "single chip microcomputer".

If you want the robot to realize some measuring functions, such as turning against the wall and other intelligent functions, you need to learn sensors.

I'm talking about basic knowledge reserves. You can go to China HowNet or other forums to see other people's own papers or some experiences in making robots.

But if you just want to assemble the module, just go to Taobao to buy it, and it's just some splicing, with no technical content. Just read the instructions.