The Relations and Differences among Information, Knowledge, Intelligence and Literature

Difference: information includes knowledge, intelligence and documents, which is a concept with the widest meaning; Knowledge refers to learning, culture or learning; Intelligence is news and reports about a certain situation, most of which are confidential; Literature is limited to written materials.

The connection is: the information includes the other three, and of course there are more meanings; Knowledge includes literature;

Information refers to the objects transmitted and processed through audio, news and communication systems, and generally refers to all the contents spread by human society. People can distinguish different things by obtaining and identifying different information from nature and society, so as to understand and transform the world. In all communication and control systems, information is a common form of communication. 1948, the mathematician Shannon pointed out in his paper entitled Mathematical Theory of Communication that "information is used to eliminate random uncertainty". The most basic unit of the universe to create everything in the universe is information.

The word "information" refers to information in English, French, German and Spanish, information in Japanese, information in Taiwan Province Province and ancient telegrams in China. As a scientific term, it first appeared in the article "Information Transmission" written by Hatle in 1928. In the 1940s, C.E.Shannon, the founder of information, gave a clear definition of information. Since then, many researchers have given different definitions from their respective research fields.

Knowledge is in line with the direction of civilization, and it is the sum total of human exploration achievements in the material world and the spiritual world. So far, there is no unified and clear definition of knowledge. Plato has a classic definition: a sentence can be called three conditions that knowledge must meet. It must be verified, correct and convincing. This is also the standard to distinguish between science and non-science. From this perspective, knowledge belongs to culture, and culture is the sublimation of sensibility and knowledge, which is the relationship between knowledge and culture.

There are many ways to define the concept of intelligence. Some scholars have separated the word "intelligence" by word splitting and interpreted it as "intelligence with affection and reward"; Some scholars define it from the means of intelligence collection, saying that intelligence is collected by secret means, about each other's diplomatic, military, political, economic, scientific and technological information; Some scholars define information from the process of information processing, and think that information is transmitted, sorted and analyzed.

The definition of information is the most basic concept in information science. It is the cornerstone of the theoretical system of information science and the foundation of the discipline construction of information science, which has a direct impact on information work. What is intelligence? So far, there are still different views on the definition of intelligence at home and abroad. According to the statistics of scholars, there are hundreds of definitions of intelligence at home and abroad, and different views of intelligence have different definitions of intelligence.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-information