This paper talks about brocade culture from the perspective of traffic and unearthed cultural relics, combined with the Maritime Silk Road.

China's Maritime Silk Road has a history of more than 2,000 years, from the time when Emperor Wu sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, from Southeast Asia to India, across the Indian Ocean to the Persian Gulf, and then to the Arabian Peninsula.

In the Ming Dynasty, due to the invasion of European colonists and the opening of Yuegang in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province to private ports, China's textiles were transported to the American continent via the Pacific Ocean and then to all parts of Europe via the Atlantic Ocean, gradually forming a global trade route running through the east and west.

Due to the development of the Silk Road, China and western art have merged.

As one of foreign trade commodities, China's silk products are continuously transported to all parts of the world and are deeply loved by people all over the world.

Based on the Maritime Silk Road, this paper will introduce brocade culture from the perspectives of transportation and unearthed cultural relics.

What is brocade?

Brocade, simply put, is a patterned fabric woven with dyed colored threads through jacquard and weaving processes.

According to records, silk products appeared in China as early as Shang Dynasty.

Silk fabrics of the Zhou Dynasty are rich in colors and exquisite in craftsmanship. In the Han dynasty, a weaving room was set up, which was specially made for the palace. Because of the influence of the Silk Road, China's brocade was introduced to all countries in the world through the Silk Road from the beginning of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.

① Nanjing Yunjin

The Southern Jin Dynasty set up an official department (Brocade Department) to manage brocade, which has a history of 1600 years. Nanjing Yunjin is one of the most famous silk handicrafts.

In ancient silk products, "brocade" embodies the highest technical level of fabric and is one of the most precious historical and cultural heritages of the Chinese nation.

Until now, Yunjin still maintains the traditional hand-woven technology and cannot be replaced by machines.

China's exquisite silk products have become the most representative commodities because of the Silk Road, and Nanjing Yunjin is also one of the most civilized products that can best reflect the technology and art at that time.

② Shu brocade

Sichuan was called "Shu State" in ancient times, and it was also the earliest origin of sericulture and silk industry.

Shu brocade is the oldest kind of brocade, which originated in Qin and Han Dynasties and flourished in Tang and Song Dynasties. It was named after it was produced in Shu. Under the influence of the Silk Road, the continuous export of Shu brocade not only accelerated the development of the silk industry, but also enhanced the cultural exchanges between the East and the West.

Blended patterns in Shu brocade often contain auspicious and wishful contents. It has also become an important feature of our brocade pattern. What is embroidered is the pattern, but what is woven into it is the soul of the Chinese nation, and it is also a spiritual inheritance.

③ Suzhou Jin Song.

Jin Song was produced in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, and was named after its unique weaving technology when it began to weave in the Northern Song Dynasty.

Divided into heavy brocade and fine brocade. Heavy brocade is generally used for palace furnishings, while fine brocade is used for clothing.

Suzhou Song Brocade has the reputation of "the crown of splendid scenery", and it is also called the three famous brocade in China with Nanjing Yunjin and Sichuan Jin Shu just mentioned.

Jin Song's texture is more precise and meticulous. It is relatively gorgeous in color and has classical charm.

On the Relationship between Brocade and Silk Road from the Perspective of Traffic in Past Dynasties;

(1) The Maritime Silk Road was opened in the Han and Tang Dynasties.

As early as the 2nd century BC, the Maritime Silk Road connecting Southeast Asia and India was opened. After the opening of the Maritime Silk Road, China's silk began to enter India and trade with Roman merchants in the Mediterranean.

According to historical records, the Romans at that time were particularly fond of China's silk fabrics. According to natural history, Rome buys money flowing from China to India and Arabia every year, not less than 1 100 million Roman dollars. It can be seen that Rome has a great demand for China silk products.

② Development of Maritime Silk Road in Song and Yuan Dynasties

Stavri Anoos, the author of A General History of the World, once described the ancient ocean scene in China.

"During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there was an unprecedented exchange of goods and technology along the Silk Road. In this magical land, people exchange raw materials and commodities, technology and markets. The exchange of living customs, religious beliefs, ideas and art has also reached an unprecedented level. "

During the Southern Song Dynasty, the war with ethnic minorities led to a large military expenditure, so it began to expand overseas trade to increase national income, which further developed the Maritime Silk Road.

At that time, Quanzhou Port entered a prosperous period, and both domestic and foreign merchant ships could enter Quanzhou or Guangzhou for trade. Most foreign businessmen are Arabs. When Kyle Polo, an Italian traveler at that time, returned from Quanzhou, he marveled at the prosperity of Quanzhou Port, where a large number of businessmen gathered.

③ The development of the Maritime Silk Road in the middle of Ming Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty, in addition to overseas trade, Judy advocated "tribute trade". In the Ming Dynasty, overseas countries were encouraged to pay tribute and Zheng He was sent to the Western Ocean to develop the Maritime Silk Road to another peak stage.

He brought China's proud textiles such as silk and brocade to the world, and went to the West in July of 28. This ship, carrying China cultural genes and China specialties with China characteristics, spread the material culture, spiritual culture and so on of China in China overseas.

Cross-cultural communication is not one-way. Two-way communication not only lets the world know about China, but also lets China know about western culture. The strong integration ability of the Chinese nation allows us to constantly improve our own culture and create many cultural heritages with Chinese and Western characteristics.

On the Relationship between Brocade and Silk Road from Unearthed Cultural Relics;

In order to find traces of ancient civilization, archaeologists have discovered a large number of silk cultural relics from the Han and Tang Dynasties in Dunhuang, Xinjiang and Bachu. Even in the Swedish ruins of Viking period in northern Europe, silk relics around the Tang Dynasty were found.

These unearthed cultural relics represent the ancient civilization of China, and now people can feel the development and changes of brocade on the Silk Road from these unearthed cultural relics.

(1) the northern red yunzhu brocade.

Yunzhu Ritian Brocade, a red land in the Northern Dynasties, is a plain brocade in the Northern Dynasties. 1983, unearthed in dulan county, Qinghai province.

This brocade pattern combines various elements along the Silk Road. For example, the sun god who drives a car is a product of Europe, the winged horse used to drive a car is a Greek myth, and the beaded pattern is a feature of Persia.

The costumes of figures presented in cultural relics have a very obvious western style. This is a work that combines the culture and art of the Mediterranean and the Southeast Sea. Its excavation also provides valuable information for the study of frontier ethnic minorities and cultural exchanges between the East and the West.

(2) Carved brocade robes in the Northern Song Dynasty

The northern song dynasty carved brocade robe is a brocade unearthed in the northern song dynasty, which was unearthed in 1953 Aral cemetery in Xinjiang. It is called "vulture brocade robe" because its pattern is decorated with flower trees, and on both sides of the tree are god birds-vultures standing back and forth.

In the Zooman Asean religion of ancient Persia, vultures are considered as the patron saint of the soul, while the tree of life symbolizes immortality, and the unique beaded pattern is even more special. It is the most complete brocade robe unearthed in China so far, and it has been identified as a national first-class cultural relic.

(3) Marble and brocade, with group guests and pearl wings.

At the first sight of this unearthed cultural relic, I felt a strong exotic atmosphere. The pattern in the picture is called "Julian Unity".

The lotus bead pattern outside is unique, and the nest is decorated with cross-shaped flowers. The pattern in the ball socket is a horse with wings.

The winged horse is Gasos, the son of Poseidon and Medusa in ancient Greek mythology. He is a horse with wings. It is said that spring water will flow out from the place where its horseshoes tread, and people will get inspiration when they drink it.

The Silk Road combines Chinese and Western cultures, bringing mysterious religious flavor and exotic customs into cotton fabric design.

Brocade Culture and the Cultural Significance of "Maritime Silk Road"

The Maritime Silk Road brought China's brocade culture to the whole world, and the continuous development of maritime trade made the world understand the civilization of the Chinese nation.

Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to the Western Regions, the Maritime Silk Road has gradually become a global trade route running through the east and west. It allows silk, a product of China culture, to be continuously transported to all corners of the world, thus integrating Chinese and Western arts.

The brocade of "painting" and "weaving" combines the traditional culture of China with the western culture under the influence of the Maritime Silk Road through a lot of graphic arts and exquisite craftsmanship to create unique works of art. ..

The Maritime Silk Road brought silk and articles and brought ethnic integration.

Our * * * efforts make the flowers of folk culture bloom more and more brightly, and make the cultural spring of the Chinese nation eternal.