Western classical architecture

1, Ancient Greek architectural style - Ancient Greece is located in the western part of Europe on the Aegean and Mediterranean coasts, is the cradle of European culture, and its architecture is also the forerunner of the Western European architecture. As Greece is mountainous and rich in marble, as early as 2,000 years ago, the Greeks used stone to build houses, resulting in colonnades and triangular mountain walls of the architectural form, the columns are mostly decorated with vertical lines, especially at the top of the columns are decorated with floral patterns, forming a unique symbol. Along the mouth of the mountain wall is mostly decorated with horizontal lines, plus the sculpture above to form a triangular mountain flower architectural features. Greek architecture pay attention to rigorous and solemn, through the number than the study of aesthetics so that the building form has a complete and rigorous logical relationships, so that the art and functional unity and harmony, especially its column modeling on the most far-reaching impact on the art of architecture, there are mainly three types of columns: one on behalf of the male beauty of the Taurik columns, thick and just a strong and majestic sense of up; the second on behalf of the female beauty of the Xiongnike columns, elongated and handsome, with snail spinning ornamentation columns The second is on behalf of the female beauty of the Shayonik column, long and handsome, the head of the snail spiral pattern decoration, under the base of the column so that people have a sense of ting ting yu standing; third is the Corinthian column, the head of the plant leaf pattern decoration, representing the joy of the harvest. These three types of columns have been used until now, and have become the model of classic architectural decoration.

2, ancient Roman architectural style -- ancient Roman architecture is the inheritance and development of ancient Greek architecture. Due to the development of productive forces and science and technology, Rome's building types are very rich, the construction technology also has a leap in the development, and the initial establishment of the scientific structure theory, the European architecture and the whole world have a great impact on the architecture of its most brilliant achievement is the creation of the coupon arch structure of the building form. Because Rome is located in the volcanic area, there are a lot of volcanic ash, the Romans found that the volcanic ash in addition to limestone and monumental stone produced by the natural concrete has a strong cohesion, the use of this concrete can be constructed in large-span arches, thus greatly improving the building's state of stress, the creation of a coupon columns and stacked columns multi-storey building form. This is the column has evolved from a load-bearing component into a purely decorative pilasters and thus changes are more and more free. In addition to the inheritance of the three ancient Greek columns, the Romans also developed two new columns, one is a variant of the Taurik columns known as the Tuscan columns, the other is the combination of the Shayonik columns and Corinthian columns into a hybrid columns.

3, Gothic architectural style - Gothic architectural style is the great creation of the French working people, is also a leap in the history of world architecture. From the twelfth century, with the pursuit of teaching building space and scientific and technological progress, the French first in the Roman-style arches on the basis of a sagittal coupon frame structure, thus reducing the side thrust, and at the same time in the surroundings of the independent fly coupon to strengthen the resistance to the main arch of the side thrust, thus forming a light upward exquisite and transparent architectural style, which is known as Gothic style of architecture. It is characterized by the use of a large number of vertical lines and spires decorated with a strong upward trend, but also a large number of colored liquid glass and high-relief technology, so that the whole building more light and exquisite, brilliant, sublimated mysterious beauty.

4, Renaissance architectural style - the Renaissance movement is a great emancipation of the productive forces of the movement, but also a great progress of change, which originated in the thirteenth century in Italy. As the emerging bourgeoisie gradually gained dominance at that time, it advocated humanism against the feudal church, in the building is manifested in, pay attention to the application of geometric shapes, for the square, triangle, sphere, garden columns and so on through the reorganization of the superposition to create an ideal form, and the classical building components for the mother, through the creation of architects to form a kind of calm and elegant classical atmosphere and meet the requirements of the new life of vibrant novelty. The dynamic and novel architectural style, due to the uneven economic development of European countries, this reform has experienced more than 200 years, and left a large number of excellent works for us to learn from.

5, Baroque architectural turmoil - Baroque architectural style originated in the seventeenth century in Italy, is a popular art style of the general term, that is, the Italian language (Barocco), the original meaning of strange, eccentric, rhapsodic and anti-traditional pejorative, which is reflected in the architectural features are mainly manifested in the following areas

(1). Promote luxury and extravagance, excessive decoration, and the pursuit of strong sensory enjoyment.

(2). Break the harmony and calm of classical architecture, the pursuit of exaggerated, irrational, fantasy and romantic mood.

(3). A large number of undulating and zigzagging interlocking curves, emphasizing changes in strength and a sense of movement, so that the whole building is full of tension, passion and commotion.

(4). Emphasize the three-dimensional and spatial sense of the building, the pursuit of changes in level and depth .

(5). Pay attention to the comprehensive coordination with the surrounding environment. The building is open and outward-looking, so the square, garden, sculpture, fountain and building are organically combined into a whole.