What are the ways to promote good and fast development of the national economy

To promote the sound and fast development of the national economy, it is necessary to accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development, improve the socialist market economic system and raise the level of the open economy in accordance with the requirements of the scientific concept of development.

First, accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development. To promote sound and rapid development of the national economy, to ensure the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, it is necessary to accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development and promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in accordance with the deployment of the report of the 17th CPC National Congress.

The mode of economic growth and the mode of economic development are both related and different, and the adjustment of the two words from "growth" to "development" reflects our summary of practical experience and the deepening of theoretical understanding. Generally speaking, economic growth mode refers to the method and mode of realizing economic growth through changes in factor structure, including increases in the quantity and improvements in the quality of factors of production. Usually, the growth mode that relies mainly on increasing inputs of factors of production and forcing the expansion of the number of products is called the rough growth mode, while the growth mode that focuses on relying on scientific and technological progress and improving the quality of workers, strengthening management and improving efficiency is called the intensive growth mode. The connotation of the mode of economic development has become richer, covering not only changes in the factor structure, but also changes in the industrial, demand, urban-rural and regional structures, as well as the situation of resources and the ecological environment. Transforming the mode of economic development requires both a shift from crude growth to intensive growth and a shift from usual economic growth to comprehensively coordinated and sustainable economic development.

The central government has always attached great importance to the issue of changing the mode of economic growth. The Twelfth Party Congress proposed to shift all economic work to a track centered on improving economic efficiency. The Thirteenth Party Congress proposed to gradually shift from the rough management to the intensive management track. The 14th Party Congress proposed that efforts should be made to increase the proportion of scientific and technological progress in economic growth and to promote the transformation of the entire economy from extensive to intensive management. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee explicitly proposed the implementation of a fundamental change in the mode of economic growth from a crude to an intensive one. The Fifteenth and Sixteenth Congresses of the Party have put forward even clearer requirements for the transformation of the mode of economic growth. As China's economic development has entered a new stage, our understanding of growth and development has been further improved, and new practices have been carried out in promoting the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, integrating urban and rural areas and economic and social development, promoting sustainable development and adjusting the demand structure. The 17th CPC National Congress proposed accelerating the transformation of the mode of economic development. This reflects the objective law, conforms to the requirements of the times, and is a major initiative to realize sound and rapid development of the national economy.

To accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development, mainly in accordance with the requirements of the report of the 17th CPC National Congress, to realize the following "three transformations":

The first one is to promote the economic growth from relying mainly on the investment and export-driven to relying on the coordination of consumption, investment and export-driven transformation. At present, China's demand structure in the investment rate is high, the consumption rate is low. The imbalance between the ratio of investment and consumption makes it impossible for residents' lives to improve in tandem with rapid economic growth, resulting in a limited domestic market size and a relative surplus of production capacity. The continuing decline in the consumption rate has also imposed serious constraints on the expansion of domestic demand, making economic growth increasingly dependent on exports. Excessive foreign trade surpluses and excessive balance-of-payments surpluses also result in excess domestic capital liquidity, which in turn fuels high investment growth. Therefore, whether focusing on improving people's livelihood, or focusing on industrial restructuring and balance of payments, we must adhere to the expansion of domestic demand, encourage reasonable consumption, economic development based on the development of the domestic market, the formation of consumption, investment, exports and coordinated economic growth situation, and to promote the benign cycle of the national economy and the people's living standards continue to improve.

To enhance the role of consumption as a driving force for economic growth, it is necessary to improve income distribution policies and continuously increase the income of urban and rural residents. This requires us to adhere to and improve the distribution system in which distribution according to work is the mainstay and multiple distribution methods coexist, gradually increase the proportion of residents' income in the distribution of national income, increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution, and make efforts to increase the income of low-income earners and expand the proportion of middle-income earners. Consumption policies should be adjusted and improved to stabilize residents' expectations of consumption by accelerating the construction of the social security system, and to enhance residents' confidence in consumption by improving the consumption environment and promoting the expansion of immediate consumption by residents. It is necessary to broaden the field of service-oriented consumption, constantly develop the urban and rural consumption markets, and continue to expand hotspot consumption such as housing, automobiles, communications, tourism, culture and fitness. At the same time, it is necessary to moderately control the scale of investment, optimize the investment structure, improve the efficiency of investment, and reasonably reduce the investment rate. To change the mode of foreign trade growth, adjust the structure of imports and exports, promote foreign trade and the balance of payments is basically balanced, so that consumption, investment, exports "troika" coordinated to play a role in driving growth.

Pushing forward the construction of a new socialist countryside and promoting the healthy development of urbanization is not only an urgent requirement for expanding domestic demand, but also an important way to change the mode of economic development. At present, farmers are still the main body of China's population, and the countryside is the potential of the domestic market. To maintain long-term stable and rapid economic development, we must pay more attention to solving the "three rural" problems, increase farmers' income through multiple channels, and vigorously develop the rural market, especially the rural consumer market. It is necessary to coordinate the development of urban and rural areas, establish a long-term mechanism for promoting agriculture with industry and bringing the countryside to the city, and form a new pattern for integrating the economic and social development of urban and rural areas. At the same time, to take the road of urbanization with Chinese characteristics, promote the coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns, and orderly transfer of surplus rural labor, which is an important measure to raise the income of farmers and expand domestic demand.

The second is to promote economic growth from mainly relying on the secondary industry to rely on the primary, secondary and tertiary industries synergistically driven change. In recent years, China's primary, secondary and tertiary industries have developed greatly, but there are still problems such as a weak agricultural base, the quality of industry is not high, and the development of the service industry is lagging behind. In this regard, effective measures must be taken to address.

Promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, we must adhere to the new road of industrialization with Chinese characteristics, promote the integration of information technology and industrialization, consolidate the primary industry, expand the tertiary industry, enhance the secondary industry, the development of modern industrial system. First, we should accelerate the development of modern agriculture. Consolidate, improve and strengthen the policies of supporting and benefiting agriculture, and gradually achieve the goal of equipping agriculture with modern material conditions, transforming agriculture with modern science and technology, advancing agriculture with modern forms of management, developing agriculture by cultivating new types of farmers, raising the level of agricultural hydraulization, mechanization and informatization, improving the output rate of land, the utilization rate of resources and the productivity of agricultural labor, increasing the efficiency and competitiveness of agriculture, and taking the road of modernization of agriculture with Chinese characteristics. . Secondly, we should lose no time in developing modern service industry. Adhering to the direction of marketization, industrialization and socialization, we should accelerate the development of productive services such as comprehensive transportation, modern logistics, finance and insurance, information services, scientific and technological services, business services, etc., while continuing to develop commercial and trade services, community services, tourism and culture, and residential industries, so as to increase the proportion and level of the service industry, and develop the service industry into a leading industry of the national economy as soon as possible. Again, we should vigorously develop advanced manufacturing industry. Relying on major projects, focusing on the organization of research and development, accelerate the revitalization of the equipment manufacturing industry; cultivate industrial clusters, and actively develop information, biology, new materials, modern energy, aerospace, marine engineering, environmental protection industry and other high-tech industries; seize the opportunity of structural adjustment, accelerate the elimination of iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, chemical industry, building materials, coal, electric power, and other industries of outdated production capacity, with high and new technology to transform and upgrade the traditional industries, to promote industry from big to strong.

Regional structure is the spatial distribution of industrial structure. While increasing the industrial structure adjustment, we must optimize the pattern of land development. To continue to implement the overall strategy of regional development, in-depth promotion of the western development, comprehensive revitalization of the northeastern region and other old industrial bases, vigorously promote the rise of the central region, and actively support the eastern region to take the lead in the development of the old revolutionary areas, ethnic areas, border areas, and poverty-stricken areas of the development support efforts. It will strengthen territorial planning, improve regional policies and adjust the economic layout in accordance with the requirements for the formation of main functional zones for optimized development, key development, restricted development and prohibited development. With the direction of giving full play to the comparative advantages of various regions, it promotes industrial division of labor and collaboration, and forms a mutually beneficial, ****same development pattern with the enterprise as the main body and the market as the link. Focusing on enhancing the comprehensive carrying capacity, it will form city clusters with a large radiation effect and cultivate new economic growth poles. With the goal of realizing the equalization of basic public ****services, it attaches great importance to and gradually alleviates the problem of regional development gaps, and promotes the ****enjoyment of the fruits of development by the people of all regions.

Thirdly, we are promoting a shift in economic growth from relying mainly on increased consumption of material resources to relying mainly on scientific and technological progress, improved quality of labor, and management innovation. Accelerate the transformation of the mode of economic development, the key is to comprehensively improve the ability of independent innovation, and promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productivity. After years of efforts, China's scientific and technological innovation has achieved obvious results, but in general, independent innovation is insufficient, the level of transformation is not high, and there is still a large gap between labor productivity and economic efficiency and the international advanced level. Whether it is from the trend of intensifying international competition in science and technology, or from the reality of the domestic low-cost competitive advantage of the weakening, we must rely more on scientific and technological progress, improve the quality of labor and management innovation to drive the historical stage of economic development.

There are more factors affecting China's scientific and technological innovation, but the most important is the combination of science and technology and the economy is not close enough. To solve this problem, comprehensive measures must be taken. In accordance with the requirements of building an innovative country, conscientiously implement the national medium- and long-term scientific and technological development plan, increase the financial investment in independent innovation and policy support, and urgently organize the implementation of major scientific and technological special projects, focusing on breakthroughs in key technologies that constrain economic and social development. It is necessary to promote the construction of a national innovation system, and support basic research, cutting-edge technological research and technological research of social public welfare. It is necessary to accelerate the establishment of a technological innovation system that is enterprise-oriented, market-oriented, and combines industry, academia and research, so that enterprises can truly become the mainstay of R&D investment and independent innovation. We should continue to implement the plan of action for the scientific quality of all people, vigorously improve the scientific and technological and cultural quality of workers, and give full play to the advantages of China's human resources in economic development.

To realize this transformation, energy conservation and emission reduction must be taken as an important hand. In accordance with the requirements of building a resource-saving and environmentally friendly society, we must urgently improve the laws and policies conducive to the conservation of energy and resources and the protection of the ecological environment, accelerate the formation of a sustainable development system and mechanism, implement the most stringent land management system, and improve the mechanism for energy saving, water saving and material saving. It is necessary to vigorously develop and promote advanced and applicable technologies for conservation, substitution, recycling and pollution control, develop clean energy and renewable energy, protect land and water resources, accelerate the construction of a scientific and reasonable system for the utilization of energy resources, and improve the efficiency of energy resource utilization. To increase pollution control, the implementation of energy saving and environmental protection key projects, focusing on strengthening the prevention and control of pollution of water, air and soil, and actively control greenhouse gas emissions, so that the people can drink clean water, breathe clean air, eat safe food, and live and work in a good environment.

The report of the 17th CPC National Congress put forward the "three transformations", mainly from the demand structure, industrial structure, factor structure and other aspects of the economic development, put forward new and higher requirements, which is the current and future period to change the mode of economic development of the key tasks and the basic way. Accelerating the "three changes" and gradually forming a new pattern of coordinated speed, quality and efficiency, coordinated consumption, investment and export, coordinated population, resources and environment, and coordinated development between urban and rural areas and between regions, will effectively promote economic development into a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development track, and realize the goal of good and rapid development.

Second, improving the socialist market economic system. Improvement of the socialist market economic system is an important guarantee for the realization of good and rapid development of the national economy. We must continue to deepen the reform of the economic system, give full play to the fundamental role of the market in the allocation of resources under the state's macro-control, stimulate the strong vitality of the socialist market economy, and establish and improve the system and mechanism conducive to independent innovation and comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development, so as to provide a systematic basis for scientific development.

One is to deepen the reform of the fiscal, taxation, financial and other systems, and improve the macro-control system. Since the 1990s, China's fiscal and taxation reforms have continued to advance, strongly supporting economic and social development. After the implementation of the tax reform, the proportion of the central government's revenue has increased, but the original expenditure structure has not yet been adjusted in place, and is not yet able to meet the needs of the realization of the equalization of basic public **** services. Practice has shown that the current fiscal and taxation system, which is dominated by the value-added tax (VAT), has made it difficult to prevent some localities from blindly developing the processing industry, especially the heavy chemical industry, which has a large revenue-raising effect, regardless of resource and environmental conditions. If we do not deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system, further define the central and local authority and financial power, adopt differentiated economic policies in accordance with the requirements of the main functional zones, and eliminate the motivation of administrative power to intervene in the interests of economic development, it will be difficult for the national economy to realize sound and rapid development. It is necessary to deepen the reform of the budgetary system and accelerate the formation of a unified, standardized and transparent financial transfer and payment system in accordance with the principle of the relative proportionality between the fulfillment of duties and the provision of resources; to formulate and implement differentiated financial and tax policies and performance evaluation systems around the promotion of the construction of the main functional zones, so as to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the economic policies; to deepen the reform of the tax system in accordance with the principles of a simple tax system, a broad tax base, a low tax rate, and a strict tax control, so as to guide the main economic The main body of activity to take the road of scientific development.

Finance is the core of modern economy. The gradual deepening of China's financial reform has promoted modernization. However, in the new situation of increasingly close links and mutual influence of domestic and foreign financial markets, the financial system and structure is not adapted to the economic and social development of the problem is increasingly apparent, the task of ensuring financial security is quite onerous. It is necessary to speed up the pace of reform of the financial system and focus on building a modern financial system with multiple forms of ownership and operation, reasonable structure, perfect function, high efficiency and safety. It is necessary to expand the scale of the capital market, optimize the structure of the capital market, and increase the proportion of direct financing through multiple channels. It is necessary to deepen the reform of the banking, securities and insurance industries, improve the efficiency of financial operation and the operating efficiency of financial enterprises, and enhance the competitiveness and service level of the financial industry. To improve the level of financial supervision, timely resolution of financial risks, and effectively safeguard financial security.

In the operation of China's socialist market economy, national planning has an irreplaceable and comprehensive coordinating role in maintaining macroeconomic stability. We must urgently reform and improve the planning system, improve the preparation procedures, improve the management and implementation mechanism of the national medium- and long-term planning and annual planning, and form a planning system with economic and social development planning as the overall leader, and various types of planning with clear positioning, complementary functions and effective convergence. Give full play to the guiding role of national development planning, planning and industrial policy in macroeconomic regulation and control, and comprehensively utilize fiscal and monetary policies to improve the level of macroeconomic regulation and control.

The second is to accelerate the formation of a unified, open, competitive and orderly modern market system. The modern market system with complete categories, perfect functions, unity, openness and orderly competition is an important part of the socialist market economic system. The construction of China's market system has achieved obvious results, but there is still a gap compared with the requirements of building a modern market system. Therefore, it is necessary to vigorously develop all kinds of production factor markets. The main ones are to strengthen the basic system construction of the capital market and to solve the contradiction that the capital market is not adapted to economic development. Reform and improve the way the government manages the land market, the right to use land for business purposes is always sold through bidding, auction and listing, so as to improve the efficiency of land use. Actively develop the human resources market, establish and improve the market-oriented employment mechanism and service system, and guide the reasonable flow of labor. Improve and perfect the technology market, protect intellectual property rights, and promote the transformation of technological achievements.

The price formation mechanism for resources and factors is imperfect, failing to reflect the true costs of resource utilization and factor use, which is not conducive to resource conservation and protection, nor is it conducive to the rational allocation of factors of production. Must deepen the price reform, rationalize the resource price system, improve the factors of production and resource price formation mechanism reflecting the market supply and demand, the degree of scarcity of resources, the cost of environmental damage. The current focus is to rationalize the price of water, electricity, oil, gas, land and other prices, deepen the reform of capital, foreign exchange and other factor prices, and steadily promote the marketization of interest rates, continue to improve the RMB exchange rate formation mechanism.

Social credit system is the foundation of the modern market system, the establishment of a sound social credit system is to regulate the order of China's market economy, the fundamental policy. To combine the rectification and standardization of market order, to improve credit, tax, contract fulfillment, product quality credit record as the focus, through moral construction, property rights reform and legal constraints, accelerate the construction of the social credit service system, improve and strictly implement the system of punishment for breach of trust. The level of development and standardization of market intermediary organizations is a sign of the maturity and modernization of the market system. It is necessary to actively develop independent and impartial, standardized operation, market-recognized industry associations and specialized intermediary service institutions, and play a due role in the industry.

Thirdly, the basic economic system should be further improved. Must adhere to the "two unwavering" basis, adhere to the equal protection of property rights, the formation of all kinds of ownership of the economy, equal competition, mutual promotion of the new pattern. Equal protection of property rights fundamentally recognizes and guarantees fair competition as a basic principle of the socialist market economy. Adherence to the basic economic system and equal competition and mutual promotion among all systems of economic ownership are organically unified. Only if the public-owned economy always dominates the main position, can we fundamentally safeguard the socialist nature of our country; only if all kinds of ownership market players compete on an equal footing and mutually promote each other, can we always maintain and constantly enhance the advantages and vitality of China's basic economic system.

To improve the basic economic system, we must deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and state-owned asset management system. To enhance the vitality, control and influence of the state-owned economy as the focus, deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises, accelerate the construction of the state-owned capital management budget system, and further promote the strategic adjustment of the state-owned economic layout and structure. For electric power, telecommunications, civil aviation and other industries that have already introduced competition mechanisms, further separating monopolistic and competitive businesses. For other relevant industries and urban public utilities, the separation of government and enterprises, government and capital, and government affairs should be accelerated. For competitive businesses, access should be relaxed, and for monopoly businesses, diversified shareholding by state-owned legal entities should be implemented.

Improving the basic economic system should encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public economy. The key is to effectively implement the State's guidelines and policies for the development of non-publicly owned economy, to further remove institutional barriers to the development of non-publicly owned economy, focusing on solving the outstanding problems faced by the development of non-publicly owned economy, such as difficulties in access to industries and difficulties in financing, to improve the services for non-publicly owned enterprises, and to protect the lawful rights and interests of enterprises according to the law. At the same time, it will strengthen guidance and management and promote the operation of enterprises in accordance with the law.

Thirdly, we will raise the level of the open economy. In recent years, we have seized the opportunity of the development of economic globalization to form a pattern of opening up to the outside world in an all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging manner. At present, with China's foreign trade and absorption of foreign investment increasing, opening up to the outside world has entered a new stage of comprehensive two-way flow of commodities and factors. Domestic and foreign economic ties are becoming increasingly close, mutual influence is deepening, economic interests are intertwined, and China's foreign economic relations are undergoing significant changes. It is necessary to integrate the domestic and international situation, establish an international perspective, strengthen strategic thinking, grasp the opportunities for development to deal with the risks and challenges, create a favorable environment, better use of the international and domestic markets, two kinds of resources, improve the open economic system, improve the level of open economy to promote the transformation of the mode of economic development and the rapid development of the national economy and a good and rapid development.

Adhering to the basic national policy of opening up to the outside world, the "bring in" and "go out" a better combination. To accelerate the transformation of foreign trade growth mode, based on quality, adjust the structure of import and export, promote the transformation and upgrading of processing trade, and vigorously develop service trade. Optimize the structure of exports, pay attention to the positive role of imports on the national economy, reasonable imports of domestic shortages of technology, equipment, resources and other products.

Speed up the transformation of foreign trade growth mode. Based on quality, adjust the import and export structure, promote the transformation and upgrading of processing trade, and vigorously develop service trade. Innovative use of foreign capital, optimize the structure of foreign capital, the use of foreign capital to play a positive role in promoting independent innovation, industrial upgrading, regional coordinated development.

To further improve the quality and level of foreign investment absorption, and better absorb foreign advanced technology, management experience, high-quality talent and capital. Encourage conditional enterprises to "go out" and actively carry out internationalized operation, and improve the policies of supporting enterprises' foreign investment and cooperation in finance and taxation, credit, foreign exchange, insurance and so on. Foreign investment enterprises should abide by local laws, participate in public welfare, and maintain corporate reputation and national image.

To strengthen bilateral and multilateral economic and trade cooperation, actively carry out mutually beneficial cooperation in international energy resources, and promote regional and sub-regional economic cooperation; improve fair trade policies, promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, implement the strategy of free trade zones, and strive to form mutually beneficial and complementary relationships with countries around the world, especially developing countries.

The more we open up to the outside world, the more prominent the issue of safeguarding national economic security and economic and trade interests becomes. We must always firmly grasp the initiative of opening up to the outside world, and be adept at grasping the direction of development in the interconnectedness of the domestic and international situations, utilizing the opportunities for development in the mutual transformation of domestic and international conditions, and creating the conditions for development in the complementary advantages of domestic and international resources. To adapt to the requirements of the open economy, the establishment of an integrated internal and external economic control and response mechanism, to better deal with the relationship between domestic development and opening up to the outside world, to grasp the extent of key areas and sensitive industries open to foreign investment, to prevent international economic risks, and to safeguard the country's economic security.