Knowledge about national education

National studies, a country's inherent academic also. National studies and literature and math mean different, not the study of the country or the study of governance. Generally speaking, the national science refers to the traditional Chinese culture and scholarship with Confucianism as the main body. National studies is the traditional Chinese culture and academic, but also includes medicine, theater, painting and calligraphy, astrology, mathematics and so on. National studies should be divided into philosophy, history, religion, literature, etiquette, koan, ethics, edition, etc., in which Confucian philosophy is the main stream; in order to divide the ideas, it should be divided into the pre-Qin scholars, Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, etc., national studies to the "Siku Quanshu" points, it should be divided into the four parts of the scriptures, history, son, set, the master of the national academy of zhang taiyan, "national academy of the book of lectures," the points, it is divided into the elementary school, the scriptures, history, the scholars, and literature. The Chinese literature is divided into the Primary School, Economics, History, Sons and Literature. Check the International Junyou Association information center of the national science words have the following definition: national science, can be translated as "guoxue" (phonetic), "Sinology" (meaning translation, refers to the Chinese science or Sinology). The narrow sense of the national science refers to Confucianism as the main body of traditional Chinese culture and scholarship. Nowadays, the national science generally refers to a set of unique and complete cultural and academic system which is based on the pre-Qin classics and zhuzi, and covers the two Han scriptures, the Wei and Jin metaphysics, the Song and Ming ethics, and the same period, such as the Han fugue, the Sixth Dynasty ekphrastic writings, the Tang and Song poems, the Yuan operas, the Ming and Qing novels, and the historiographies of all the dynasties. Therefore, in a broad sense, ancient and modern Chinese culture and scholarship, including history, thought, philosophy, geography, politics, economy, calligraphy, painting, music, mathematics, medicine, astrology, architecture and so on, are all the scope of the National Science. Classics of National Education Jing - Confucian Classics

The Jing is divided into the categories of "Yi", "Shu", "Poetry", "Rites", and "Literature". ", "Four Books", "Music", "Elementary School", "Stone Scriptures ", "Compendium", mainly Confucian classics and annotated studies of Confucian classics. Important titles such as: "Zhou Yi", "Shangshu", "Zhouli", "Rites of Passage", "Rites of Passage", "Poetry", "Spring and Autumn Zuozhuan", "Spring and Autumn Gongyangzhuan", "Spring and Autumn Guliangzhuan", "The Analects of Confucius", "Filial Piety Scripture", "Er Ya", "Mencius".

History - a variety of genres of historical works

History is divided into "the main history", "chronicles", "chronicles", "the end of this", "the end of this", "the end of this", "the end of this", "the end of this", "the end of this", "the end of this". The class", "the end of the class", "other histories", "miscellaneous history", "imperial edicts and discussions", "biographies ", "Historical transcripts", "Records", "Seasonal", "Geography ", "Officials", "Political Books", "Catalogs", "Historical Commentaries ", "compilation class", important titles such as: "Historical Records", "Book of Han", "Book of the Later Han", "Three Kingdoms", "Ziji Tongjian", "Strategies of the Warring States", "Song, Yuan, and Ming history of the chronicle of the end of the book" and so on.

Sub-part - The Hundred Schools of Thought and Religious Writings

The sub-part is divided into "Confucianism", "Military Science", "Legalism", and "Theory of Law". Legalism", "Agriculture", "Medicine", "Astronomy and Algorithms", "Art and Numbers ", "art", "genealogical records", "miscellaneous", "class books ", "series of books", "compendium", "novelists", "Buddhism ", "Taoism", "Yehudism", "Islam", "Western Gestalt ", important books such as: "Laozi", "Mozi", "Zhuangzi", "Xunzi", "Hanfeizi", "Guanzi", "Yinwenzi", "Shenzi", "Gongsunlongzi", "Huainanzi", "Hugu Puzi", "Liezi", "Sunzi", "Mountains and Seas", "Arts and Letters Classical Collections", "Diamond Sutra", "Forty-two Chapters of the Sutra," and so on.

Collection - the hundred schools of thought and art, genealogical records

Collection part of the "Chu Rhetoric class", "class of other collections," " General Collection", "Lyrics and Songs", "Boudoir", important titles such as: "Chu Rhetoric", "All-Tang Dynasty Poetry", "All Song Dynasty Lyrics", "Lefu Poetry Collection", "Selected Writings", "Li Taibai Collection", "Du Gongbu Collection", "Han Changli Collection", "Liu Hedong Collection", "Li Taibai Collection" and "Du Gongbu Collection". Collection", "Liu Hedong Collection", "Bai Xiangshan Collection" and so on. National Studies bibliography and its reading method Liang Qichao

Two months ago, a reporter from the Tsinghua Weekly attributed to this topic, wasted a long time not to report the order. I live alone in Cuiwei Mountain, the traveling suitcase without a book, and the reporter supervisor is very urgent, is to exhaust three days of effort, exclusively based on the memory of the thought and grass, omission is unavoidable, and there are and the name of the title of the book is also remembered the wrong person, he will be more when to make up for the corrections also.

Republic of China 12 years April 26th Qichao in Bimoyan Cuishan room

A Cultivation application and the relationship between the history of thought books

'Analects' 'Mencius'

'Analects' for the 2,000 years of the country's people's thought of the total source, 'Mencius' since the Song Dynasty, the power is also with the sub-division, the two books can be said to be the dominant life inside the outside of the country's people, so I hope that the scholar Therefore, I hope that scholars will familiarize themselves with these two books, and even if they can't, they should read them many times, and make sure that they cite their words or take notes on their physical and mental practices in order to cultivate themselves.

'Analects of Confucius', 'Mencius' of the text, and not difficult, it is appropriate to read the text, there is no understanding of the place, Fang look at the commentary. Commentary of the book, Zhu Xi, "four books set of notes", for his life is very careful work, can be read, but there are with the Song Ru reasoning into the obstacles, it is appropriate to look at it separately. The Qing Confucian commentaries, 'Analects of Confucius' has Dai Wang 'Analects of Confucius' note, 'Mencius' has Jiao Chuan 'Mencius' justice is the best. Dai followed Yan Xizhai's school of thought, which emphasized practice, and his commentaries seemed to be close to the true boundaries of the Confucian school, and his exegesis was much better than Zhu's, and his books were concise and easy to read. Jiao's follow Dai Dongyuan's study, his justice in the Qing dynasty Confucianism, the best of the new book, but the text is quite complicated, it is appropriate to be placed on the desk, in case of incomprehension, or when there is a feeling, then take for reference.

Dai Zhen's "Memphis of Mencius" is a philosophy of Dai's family, not specifically for the purpose of exegesis of "Mencius", but it is a very insightful book, and scholars need to read it, preferably in the reading of "Mencius", in order to know the program of Dai's study, and to help in the reading of the "Memphis" of the flavor.

Jiao Zhuan's "The Analects of Confucius" is a copy of "The Analects of Mencius", which is made by breaking up the entire Analects of Confucius and listing a number of important meanings, such as benevolence, loyalty and forgiveness ...... , etc., in a general way, which can be said to be a good method of treating the Analects of Confucius and can be applied to treating other books.

The two books on the right have very few pages and are easy to read.

Chen Feng, in his book "The Book of Reading in Dongjiao", reads the volume of "Mengzi" and takes the doctrines of "Mengzi" and climbs and sparses them, which is the most precise, and the book is only about twenty to thirty pages, so it is suitable to read it in order to see the method of the former generation, and it is also useful for cultivation.

The Book of Changes

This book is a philosophical book written before the time of Confucius, for which he wrote a commentary, which is difficult to study, but must be read. I hope that the scholars will familiarize themselves with the "Lines of Remarks" and "Wenshan Biography", and that the sixty-four articles of the trigrams will be written out on a separate sheet of paper, so that they can be read at any time.

Subsequent speakers of "Yi" are different from each other, but for the sake of cultivation, Cheng Yi's "Cheng's Biography of Yi" is poorly readable.　

The most recent author of "Yi" is Jiao Zhuan, whose book "Carving Mushroom House of Yi" (Yi Tongxue, Yi Tuliao, Yi Zhangjiu) is said to be a masterpiece, and scholars who want to understand this scripture can read it; otherwise, it is not necessary to do so.

The Book of Rites

This book of the Warring States period and the Western Han Dynasty is a series of "Confucianism", in which there is a very pure and there is also a very broken one. I hope that the scholars will be familiarized with the four parts of the book: "The Meanwhile", "The University", "The Rites of Passage", "The Records of Music"; "The Curve of Rites", "The King's System", "The Sandalwood Bow", "Rites of Passage", "The Records of Learning", "The four articles of 'Qu Li', 'Wang System', 'Tan Gong', 'Ritual Instruments', 'Study Records', 'Fang Ji', 'Table Records', 'Velvet Clothes', 'Ru Xing', 'Da Fu', 'Rituals', 'Rituals', 'Rituals', 'Rituals', and 'Wine Drinking in the Countryside' were visited a few more times, and the most important words of the articles were extracted.

If you want to read the commentary, you can refer to Zheng's commentary in the "Thirteen Classics". The nature of the "Book of Filial Piety" is the same as that of the "Book of Rites", so it can be read as one of the articles of the "Book of Rites".

Lao Tzu

The most important book of Taoism, I hope that scholars will familiarize themselves with the 5,000 words.

The commentary is not very good, so it is better to read the white text and find out for yourself.

"Mozi"

Kong and Mozi were known as two saints in the pre-Qin era, so this book must be read, except for the following chapters of "Preparing for the City Gate," and the rest of the book should be read carefully.

Sun Yijiang's "Mozi's Interpretation" is the best commentary on the book, and it is advisable to read this book accordingly.

The first and second chapters of "Jing" and the first and second chapters of "Jing Shuo" can be visited by Zhang Huiyin and Liang Qichao, but there are some places where they have not yet been refined, and there is a new commentary by Hu Shih on the chapter of "Small Takes" that can be visited.

Liang Qichao's "The Case of Mozi" is a general explanation of the genre, and can be visited for its flavor, but the book is a temporary lecture, and has not been examined carefully.

"Zhuangzi"

The seven internal chapters and the "World Chapter" of the miscellaneous chapters are the most important to be read.

The commentary of Guo Qingfan's "Chuangzi Jiexue" is poor.

"Xunzi"

The chapters on "Explaining the Masking", "The Righteous Name", "The Theory of Heaven", "The Theory of Righteousness", "Sexual Evil", "The Theory of Rites", and "The The Theory of Music" are the most important ones to be read carefully, and the rest must be visited in their entirety.

Wang Xianqian's commentary on Xunzi is very good.

"Shen Wenzi," "Shenzi," and "Gongsun Longzi"

Today's survivors are not complete books, but all three are great philosophers of the pre-Qin era, so even if they are broken, it is appropriate to read them, and they are very few in number, so they do not take a lot of effort.

There are no good commentaries on the three books, but the 'Yinwenzi' and 'Shenzi' are easy to interpret.

'Han Fei Zi'

The essence of the Legalist's words must be visited in its entirety (especially those that should be read in detail, because there is no original book at hand, and the book should be read in its entirety, and the book should be read in its entirety). (I'm afraid I'm missing something, but I'll make up for it later).

Wang Xianqian's 'Han Fei Zi Jiexue' is poor.

『Guanzi』

The end of the Warring States period, the nature of the collection of writers, quite miscellaneous, but the ancient schools of thought is quite a lot, it is appropriate to a tour.

The commentary book Daiwang 'Pipe correction' is very good.

'Lü's Spring and Autumn Festival'

This is the most ancient book in China, with a lot of pre-Qin and Qin doctrines stored in it, so it is worth a visit.

"Huainanzi"

This is a book that summarizes the Taoist teachings of the Qin and Han dynasties, and should be read carefully.

Liu Wendian's "Huainan Honglie Jiejie" is quite good.

The Spring and Autumn Annals

This is the work of Confucianism in the Western Han Dynasty, and should be read carefully.

The commentary book of Su Ji, "Spring and Autumn Annals", is quite good.

Kang Youwei's "Spring and Autumn Dong's Study" is a general interpretation of the genre.

'Salt and iron theory'

This book for the Han dynasty Confucianists and legalists on the political issues of the defense of the book, it is appropriate to visit.

Tai Chi Chart 『Lun Heng』

This book is a skeptical philosophy of the Han Dynasty, and should be visited.

The book is a representative work of Taoism after the Jin Dynasty, and should be visited.

Lenzi

This is a pseudo-book of the Jin dynasty, and can be read as a book of metaphysics of the Wei and Jin dynasties.

The right listed as important works of thought before the Han and Jin dynasties, the Six Dynasties, Sui and Tang dynasties thought of Buddhism, the bibliography of which should be described separately.

『Record of Recent Thoughts』Ju Xi, Jiang Yong note

Reading this book can be seen in Cheng Zhu's school of reasoning, the content of how.

'Zhu Zi's Record - Zhu Zi's Essentials of Learning' by Wang Mao Hong

This book describes the most important aspects of Zhu's comprehensive study, and it is very well organized.

If you want to study the Cheng-Zhu school of thought, it is appropriate to read "The Remains of the Two Chengs" and "The Classics of Zhu Zi," but those who do not specialize in this field may leave it behind.

The confrontation with the Zhu school in the Southern Song Dynasty was characterized by Li Donglai's school of literature, Chen Longchuan's and Ye Shuishen's school of utilitarianism, and Lu Xiangshan's school of psychology; to learn more about these schools, it is appropriate to read the monographs of each of them; and if you want to see the general outline, you may seek out the "Case of the Song and Yuan Schools".

Wang Shouren (王守仁), Xu Yuan (徐爰) and Qian Hongde (钱洪德), etc..

Reading this book, one can get an overview of Wang's school of thought. For more details, it is advisable to read "The Complete Works of Mr. Wang Wencheng". Because Yangming taught the unity of knowledge and action, the whole personality of a person can be seen only through a comprehensive view of his scholarly work, and his work can be found in all the texts in the collection, which is why the Yangming collection is more important than the collections of Zhu and Lu.

"Ming Confucianism" by Huang Zongxi

"Song and Yuan Confucianism" by Huang Zongxi, the first draft of which was renewed twice by Quan Zuwang and Wang Zizai

These two books are the total records of the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties, and are in fact a history of the creation of the academy. The case of Xiangshan in the "Song and Yuan school" is the best; the cases of Hengqu, Ercheng, Donglai, Longchuan, and Shuixin are also good; the case of Hiweng is not very good; the cases of Baiyuan (Shaoxiong) and Blossom (Sima Guang) are too complicated to be seen in the light of their truths; and the case of Jinggong's (Wang Anshi's) New Learning at the end of the book is the worst because of the gateway view, and therefore it is exclusionary. To know Jing Gong academic, it is appropriate to see 'Wang Linchuan set'.

The two books are voluminous, I always hope that scholars choose to visit, because it is six hundred years of academia, the impact of the modern era is very deep, and the collection of all the family for a compilation, read it is not very laborious.

The academic history of the Qing Dynasty, unfortunately, there is no such good work.

Tang Jian's 'National Dynasty case of small knowledge', to the Qing dynasty's most discouraged Cheng Zhu school as a starting point, parochial and ugly, should not be read; Jiang Fan's 'National Dynasty of Chinese studies teacher record', 'National Dynasty of the origins of Song studies', but also the case of the genre, better, but Jiang's general knowledge is also commonplace, but can not be recounted in the unique characteristics of the various schools, as a last resort, the Gou to prepare for the reference only. The first thing that happened to Qichao was that he had something to do with the "Qing Confucianism", and he was not yet ready for it.

Gu Yanwu, the author of "Rizhilu" and "Tinglin's Anthology"

Gu Tinglin was the first person who started the Qing Dynasty, and his energy was put into "Rizhilu", which is a good place to visit. Reading the letters in the anthology, one can see how much he had to do to establish himself as a scholar.

『Ming Yi Waiting to Visit Records』by Huang Zongxi

Huang Lizhou is one of the masters of the early Qing Dynasty, whose greatest contribution is in the two cases of study, and this booklet can see the general political thought of him.

『Thinking about the record』Wang Fuzhi

Wang Fenshan is one of the masters of the early Qing Dynasty, not through the whole book, can not see its depth and breadth, but the volume is too voluminous, not for the systematic organization, scholars can not read, chatting about citing this book Fafan, is not enough to represent the full extent of its learning.

Yan's school record" Dai Wang compiled

Yan Xi Zhai for the early Qing Dynasty, one of the masters, Dai's compilation of the school record, quite able to transmit its true. Xu Shichang's "Yan Li Learning" can also be used as a reference, but its collection of "Xi Zhai language", "Shugu (Li Zhi) language" will attack the Song dynasty Confucianism more than not recorded, a little loss of its true.

Gu, Huang, Wang, Yan four Mr. academic, for scholars must know, but their writings are vast, or scattered, not easy to find? The line of Qichao will be for the systematic organization of the account, to pay scholars.

"Dongyuan Collection" by Dai Zhen

"Carving Mushroom House Collection" by Jiao Chuan

Dai Dongyuan and Jiao Ritang were the philosophical thinkers in the Qing Dynasty who had a deep philosophical thought, and reading their collections could help us to know about their studies and their methods of learning.

Qichao proposed to write the "Qing Confucianism case", Dongyuan, Ritang two cases, is in the manuscript.

『Tongyi of literature and history』by Zhang Xuecheng

This book, although titled "literature and history", actually discusses the difference between the academic streams, and it is appropriate to read it.

Hu Shih's 'Annals of Zhang Shizhai' can be used as a reference.

"The Book of Cosmos" by Kang Youwei

The original thought of Mr. Nanhai was published in this book, which was once published in "The Magazine of Intolerance".

"On the Balance of State" by Zhang Binglin

This book is a glimpse of Mr. Zhang Taiyan's thinking.

The book is a collection of books by Zhang Binglin.

'Eastern and Western Cultures and Their Philosophies' by Liang Shuji

There are some partialities, but there are also some uniqueness.

'Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy' by Hu Shi

'History of Political Thought of the Pre-Qin Period' by Liang Qichao

When you are going to read the pre-Qin periodicals and the books of the son, it is better to crow about these two books as they will arouse your interest and inspire your own judgment.

"An Introduction to Qing Scholarship" by Liang Qichao

It is a good idea to read this book if you want to know a little about the academic style of the Qing Dynasty.

B Political History and Other Bibliographical Books

Shangshu

Inside the book, only twenty-eight articles are true, and the book should be read carefully, but the text is difficult to read, and there is no harm in not being able to recite it. The rest of the book is written by a Jin dynasty writer, and a tour will be enough (for a list of the true and false articles, see Qichao's book, "The Authenticity of Ancient Books and Their Dating", which will be published in the next few days).

This book can not be solved without reading the commentary, which is the best of Sun Xingyan's 'Commentary on Shangshu's Ancient and Modern Texts'.

'Yi Zhou Shu'

This book is half true and half false, it is appropriate to take a tour.

The commentary book has Zhu Ruizeng, "The Book of Yi Zhou" (逸周书集训校释), which is quite good.

'Bamboo book chronicle'

This book is now widely available for the Yuan, Ming pseudo-compilation. The ancient version of the book was edited by several Qing scholars, and Wang Guowei's editing was the best.

"The State Language" and "The Spring and Autumn Annals of Zuo Shi"

These two books may have been written as a single book, but they were analyzed by the Western Han people, so it is advisable to read them together. "It is advisable to select a number of articles from the Zuo Zhuan and familiarize yourself with them, for they are very useful in the study of literature.

For the reading of Zuo Zhuan, it is advisable to visit Gu Donggao's "Table of Spring and Autumn Annals", which can help one to learn the method of study.

'Strategies of the Warring States'

It is advisable to select a number of articles and familiarize yourself with them, for they are useful in the study of literature.

Zhouli

This book was published at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, and it is difficult to determine what era it was written in. However, part of the system in the book is the old one of the Zhou Dynasty, and the rest of the book is also a product of the ideals of scholars of the Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasty, and is therefore suitable to be read at once.

Sun Yijiang's 'Justice of the Rites of Zhou' is the best commentary on the book.

『Kaoshin Lu』by Cui Shu

This book is the most rigorous proof of the facts of the history of the Three Dynasties, and it is worthwhile to have a tour of this book as a standard for the treatment of ancient history.

"Ziji Tongjian"

This is the most valuable work of political history, and although it is a bit voluminous, I hope that scholars can read it thoroughly.

If you are bored with dryness, you may want to follow the example of the Spring and Autumn Annals and set up a number of categories of your own, marking the excerpts for future writings (I used this method when I was a young man, and even though I didn't finish the book, it has increased my interest a lot).

Wang Shunshan, "reading the Tongjian theory", critical vision, quite different from the common stream, read the Tongjian take and read, but also one of the methods to help improve.

......　

Today, we are going to propose a real minimum as follows:

The Four Books, the Book of Changes, the Book of Books, the Book of Poetry, the Book of Rites, the Book of Zuo, the Laozi, the Mozi, the Zhuangzi, the Xunzi, the Hanfei, the Strategies of the Warring States, the Records of the Grand Historian, the Book of Han, the Book of the Later Han, the Records of the Three Kingdoms, the Zizhi Tongjian, the Chronicles of Song, Yuan, and Ming History, the Chronicles of Song, Yuan and Ming History, and the Chronicles of Song, Yuan and Ming History, the Chronicles of Song, Yuan, and Ming History. The Book of Song, Yuan, and Ming Dynasties, Chu Ci, Selected Writings, The Collected Works of Li Taibai, The Collected Works of Du Gongbu, The Collected Works of Han Changli, The Collected Works of Liu Hedong, and The Collected Works of Bai Xiangshan. I have read several other collections of words and songs as I like.

The above books, regardless of the school of mining, learning engineering newspaper ...... must be read, if and this is not read, really can not think of Chinese scholars carry on.