Common sense of preventing infectious diseases in spring

Prevention and treatment of common infectious diseases in spring

With the approach of spring breeze, all kinds of infectious diseases in spring, whether people hate it or not, come uninvited when people are unprepared. In order to identify their ugly faces, here are some simple prevention methods:

First, tuberculosis:

Most of them are transmitted through the respiratory tract. The main constituent elements are susceptible to infection, mostly a chronic process. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has low resistance, can survive for 6-8 months in dry sputum, is sensitive to humidity, and can be killed by boiling at 60℃ for half an hour or 5 minutes. It is a disease transmitted by droplets, which decreased obviously in previous years and increased in recent years.

Prevention of tuberculosis is mainly through developing good living habits, not spitting, not close contact with patients, and actively preventing vaccination for a long time. The principle of treatment is: early, combined, regular, adequate and full course.

2. Infectious atypical pneumonia.

Infectious atypical pneumonia is a respiratory infectious disease that broke out in early 2003, mainly through close contact. It is a new infectious disease with strong infectivity, serious illness, rapid progress and great harm. The clinical manifestations are: 1, and the incubation period is usually 1- 10 days, and most patients get sick in 4-5 days. Acute onset, mostly with fever as the first symptom, the average body temperature >; 38℃, occasionally slightly cold, may be accompanied by headache, muscle aches, fatigue, diarrhea; There are often no symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection; There may be cough, mostly dry phlegm, less phlegm, and occasionally bloodshot phlegm; Chest tightness may occur, and in severe cases, accelerated breathing, shortness of breath and obvious respiratory distress may occur. However, a few patients do not take fever as the first symptom, especially those who have a recent history of surgery or basic diseases. In the early stage, WBC is normal or decreased, and in the late stage, there may be WBC↑, some platelets ↑ and most liver functions are abnormal. Some patients may have myocardial enzymes and albumin. A few have hypoxemia and respiratory alkalosis. X-ray showed patchy, patchy infiltrative shadows or reticular changes in the lungs to varying degrees. Some patients progress rapidly, showing large flaky shadows, which often change for a long time or bilaterally, and the shadow absorption is not strict. Lung shadow is inconsistent with symptoms and signs. If the test result is negative, it should be rechecked after 1-2 days. High-resolution CT (HR-CT) can detect the lesions early.

Prevention and treatment, timely disinfection of epidemic spots, and public health education. Because the pathogen of atypical pneumonia is not clear, but it is infectious and pathogenic, the reporting time limit should be compared with Class A infectious diseases to report the epidemic situation. If SARS cases are found, towns should report them to local county-level disease prevention and control institutions within 6 hours, and rural areas should report them within 12 hours. In the process of treatment, triage categories and corresponding treatment methods are adopted.

Third, mumps.

It is mainly caused by mumps virus infection, and it is mainly spread by droplets or saliva polluting utensils or toys. School-age children are vulnerable. The incubation period is 2-3 weeks, which leads to one or both parotid glands enlargement. If there is no diaphragmatic infection, the course of disease can heal itself in 1-2 weeks. Adolescent infected people can cause complications such as orchitis and oophoritis.

Treatment: drink plenty of boiled water, take antiviral drugs, rest, and absolutely isolate patients.

Fourth, AIDS.

It is an immunodeficiency disease infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The main manifestations are: the patient's serum is HIV positive, accompanied by fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and other self-limiting symptoms (acute stage). This period lasts about 1-2 weeks, and then enters the asymptomatic incubation period of infection. The content of HIV antigen in blood is very low or undetectable. However, with the extension of infection time, HIV began to replicate in large numbers, which was consistent with the progressive damage of the immune system, and gradually developed into persistent systemic lymphadenopathy, AIDS-related syndrome, and finally AIDS.

Prevention and treatment. AIDS-related behaviors are mainly through 1, homosexual or heterosexual sex; 2. Importing blood and blood products with HIV and using contaminated syringes and needles for intravenous drug users; 3, mother-to-child transmission and other modes of transmission, formulate measures and adopt 1 to let people know about the mode of transmission of AIDS and severely punish its harm, and put an end to drug abuse and sexual promiscuity; 2. Establish a monitoring system for HIV infection; 3. Strengthen border quarantine; 4. Check the HIV antibody of blood donors. At present, the main treatment methods for HIV are: 1, strengthening the research of HIV vaccine; 2. Strengthen antiviral treatment.

Five, intestinal infectious diseases.

It is the most common infectious disease in colleges and universities, mainly manifested as abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever and acute diarrhea. Through oral contact, individuals should develop the good habit of washing their hands before and after meals, and schools should also pay attention to good food hygiene. Treatment mainly includes antibacterial and rehydration therapy.

6. Bird flu.

Avian influenza is a viral infectious disease that occurred in recent two years. According to the expert's opinion, there will be bird flu only if there is an animal epidemic. International experts predict that bird flu may be an epidemic. The current practice is: 1, strengthen supervision, find infectious diseases as soon as possible, and monitor the epidemic situation as soon as possible. People infected with avian influenza in China are in a situation of high incidence and high mortality. This is a large-scale poultry immunization, which makes the human epidemic situation highly distributed; However, the high mortality rate is about twice as low as before the parade, and the mortality rate decreases with the spread of the epidemic. 2. It is related to the patient's immunity. 3. It is related to whether the patient is treated in time.

At present, the main measures to deal with avian influenza are: 1, strengthening poultry epidemic prevention. 2. Improve the autoimmune resistance. 3. Realize early detection, early diagnosis and early isolation of avian influenza epidemic areas.

early spring

Beware of respiratory diseases

Respiratory diseases are high in winter and spring, and patients in hospitals are overcrowded. Here are some suggestions on how to prevent respiratory diseases:

First: strengthen personal protection. Pay attention to the temperature change and change clothes properly. People who are old and weak or suffer from systemic diseases such as chronic tracheitis, asthma and diabetes should go to public places where people gather less, get flu shots and wear masks when the weather is cold or foggy.

Second, pay attention to ventilation and keep the indoor air fresh. Offices, homes and public places should be ventilated at any time, especially in schools or hospitals where people with colds are found to prevent large-scale spread.

Third, quit smoking. Quit smoking not only in public places, but also at home, office and school. Because smoking is harmful to personal respiratory tract, it is easy to get flu, and passive smokers suffer more, and the concentration of inhaled smoke is higher than that of smokers. Especially at the stage of commercial development of avian influenza in the world and at home, we should quit smoking to prevent respiratory transmission.

Fourth, eat a reasonable diet, drink more water, eat more fruits and vegetables, and keep the stool unobstructed. Chinese medicine believes that internal heat can easily cause colds and flu.

In short, patients with flu symptoms should go to the hospital in time and early, so as to achieve early diagnosis, early isolation treatment and early prevention, so as to prevent the flu epidemic and even nip bird flu in the bud.

Hand washing: the most effective "vaccine"

When winter and spring alternate, it is a good season for infectious diseases. The most effective "vaccine" is to adhere to good daily hygiene habits, keep hands and skin clean, and remove and inhibit pathogens existing on the human surface.

For a long time, infectious diseases have been a great challenge for mankind. Pathogens such as harmful bacteria and viruses, various pollutants in the environment and climate change may weaken the human body's resistance at any time. Skin is the body's first line of defense when exposed to the environment. To be healthy, you must first ensure the health of your skin. In a sense, in order to effectively control infectious diseases, especially hand-borne infectious diseases (such as dysentery, hepatitis, influenza and parasitic diseases), the most effective way is to develop good hygiene habits-washing hands before and after meals.

First, three requirements for correct hand washing.

A, wash your hands with running water, so that your wrists, palms and fingers are fully soaked.

B, with soap, hand sanitizer or Shu Fujia soap evenly spread on the palm of your hand, the back of your hand, fingers, fingers, rubbing repeatedly, and then rinse all the soap bubbles with running water.

C, wash your hands for not less than 30 seconds at a time.

Second, wash your hands four attention.

A. Wash the dirt on nails, fingertips and knuckles.

B, clean the part wearing the ring.

C. clean the faucet at any time.

D, after washing your hands, wipe your hands with a clean personal towel, handkerchief or disposable disinfectant paper towel to prevent secondary pollution.