What thinkers and politicians were there in modern Japan, and what were their main ideological and political propositions?

Kubo Junyi, Saigō Takamori, Urugu Longji, Western Zhou, Sasaki Xiangshan, etc.

1, Kubo Junyi

Kubo Junyi (ぉぉくぼとしみち,1September 26th, 830-1May 878 1878). Born in Satsuma, Japan (now Kagoshima), he was originally a samurai, the first politician of Meiji Restoration in Japan, and was known as "Bismarck of the East".

For the sake of reform and ruthlessness, no matter friends or enemies, what can stop him is ashes. Finally, he was assassinated by civil rights volunteers, but it also achieved the success of the Meiji Restoration.

2. Saigō Takamori

Seg Longsheng (さぃごぅたもり,182865438+1October 23rd-1September 24th, 877), Japan.

Saigō Takamori carried out the policy of dividing fields in Samoan. His attitude towards the war of aggression can be seen from his students' exhortation to the war, and he also left the government that advocated foreign aggression.

1877, pushed by the old Samoan clan as the leader, launched an armed rebellion against the government, known as the Southwest War in history. On September 24th, he was defeated and died in Kagoshima.

3. Kimoto Takagi

Makoto Koji きどたかよし (1833 August1-1May 26th, 877) was originally named Gui Xiaowulang; Born in Changzhou, he once worshipped Yoshida Shōin as his brother, studied swordsmanship under Mijiulang Saito, and studied western military science from Hideo Jiangchuan. He played a leading role in the movement of respecting teachers and making a curtain call, and participated in the drafting of the five vows after the political reform. He was the core figure of the government.

Advocate the formulation of a constitution, give priority to internal governance, and oppose the theory of levying Korea. 1874 concurrently serves as the minister of education, and advocates popularizing primary education, attaching importance to cultivating talents and improving the national cultural level. Resigned from the Senate for opposing Kubojun's invasion of Taiwan Province Province.

1875 after the Senate was formally restored, he wrote to the emperor and proposed to follow the example of the west and establish a constitutional monarchy. In March, he served as a spokesman for the meeting of local officials. 1876, because of disagreement with other cabinet members, he resigned from the government and became a consultant. He died in 1877.

4. Western Zhou Dynasty

The Western Zhou Dynasty (Japanese Hiragana: にしぁまね,1829-1897) is a famous enlightenment thinker and philosopher in modern Japanese history.

The philosophical viewpoint of the Western Zhou Dynasty mainly comes from the positivism of Comte in France. According to Comte's scientific classification, philosophy is divided into ethics, psychology, aesthetics and religion.

His philosophy is mainly based on the "truth" of China's Confucianism, but he criticized the illusory truth of Confucianism with the methods of British Comte and J.S. Mill, and transformed it into the real truth.

Epistemology holds that matter is an objective existence independent of human consciousness and the source of human knowledge, and knowledge is only a reflection of external matter.

In ethics, under the influence of J.S. Mill's utilitarianism, he put forward a unique "three treasures of life", holding that health, knowledge and wealth are the three treasures of life, and the pursuit of these three treasures is the greatest happiness of life and the moral foundation.

People should respect the three treasures, drive away the three evils (disease, ignorance and poverty), prevent the three evils (prison thief, fraud and theft), and drive others to realize the three treasures in the process of pursuing the three treasures.

5. Sasaki Xiangshan

Sakuma Xiangshan (181-1864) was a thinker and strategist in the late edo period. In modern Japanese history, he was a typical figure who accepted cultures from all directions, and he was also a teacher and model of young samurai, a social leader at the end of the curtain.

1833 studied Confucianism from Kazuyoshi Sato in Edo Division and foreign artillery from Tarongmen, Jiangchuan. He is enthusiastic about orchid studies and advocates "harmony with different talents" (Japanese thought, western technology).

His reception theory of westernization (how to transplant and learn western science and culture) is stereotyped and formulated, which has produced great social influence.