Read the following materials and answer the questions. Material 1: We can examine the differences of political culture and personality between China and the West from multiple dimensions. When we look

Read the following materials and answer the questions. Material 1: We can examine the differences of political culture and personality between China and the West from multiple dimensions. When we look at these two kinds of politics,

(1) The basic expression "one" refers to the authoritarian centralized political system in China; "Duo" refers to the democratic political system in ancient Greece. Reasons: ① Natural conditions: China is located in the river basin, mainly in the plains; Greece is located on the peninsula, close to the sea, mountainous and has many good ports. ② Social conditions: China has developed agriculture and needs a strong central government; Greece's commodity economy and overseas trade are developed, and the city-state system of small countries and few people is implemented. (6 points)

(2) The parallel system of counties and countries was implemented in the early Han Dynasty, which led to the chaos of seven countries; Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty issued an edict, which promoted favor and strengthened centralization. (2) The establishment of a buffer region in the Tang Dynasty led to the Anshi rebellion and the separatist situation. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, we were deprived of military power and returned to the central government. Send a civil servant to be a local governor, and at the same time set up a judge to be responsible for supervision; Financially, a small part of local taxes are used as local expenditures, and the rest are all controlled by the central government. This changed the situation of the separatist regime of the buffer region since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and strengthened centralization. (6 points)

(3) The citizens' assembly is the highest authority, the board of directors composed of 500 people is the subsidiary body of the citizens' assembly, and the jury court becomes the highest judicial and supervisory body. (2 points)

Analysis of test questions: Question (1), we must look at the differences of political civilization between the East and the West as a whole. "One" refers to China's despotism and centralization's emphasis on centralization, and "many" refers to the democratic political system of ancient Greece and the characteristics of people's political and ideological pluralism; The reasons for this difference can be analyzed from the aspects of physical geography and society: ① natural conditions: China is located in the river basin, mainly in the plains; Greece is located on the peninsula, close to the sea, mountainous and has many good ports. ② Social conditions: China has developed agriculture and needs a strong central government; Greece's commodity economy and overseas trade are developed, and the city-state system of small countries and few people is implemented. Question (2) mainly investigates the evolution of authoritarian centralization in China and China from Qin and Han Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties; Question (3): This question examines the content of democracy in Athens. According to the knowledge learned, the citizens' assembly is the highest authority, the 500-member parliament is a subsidiary body of the citizens' assembly, and the jury court becomes the highest judicial and supervisory organ.

Comments: The comparison between the centralized monarchy in ancient China and the democracy in ancient Greece.

Comparison content

ancient Greece

China

form

situation

environment

Haiyangwan

River plain

economy

"Industrial and commercial slave economy"

Feudal small peasant economy

politics

A small city-state with a small population

Unified feudal empire

System type

Democracy represented by Athens

A centralized monarchy.

basic feature

Sovereignty lies with the people and takes turns to govern.

The imperial power is supreme and the throne is hereditary.'

Policy-making/decision-making bodies

church

emperor

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