What shifts occurred in art and design during the Industrial Revolution?

With the Industrial Revolution, which first broke out in England in the 1860s, the mainstream of art and design shifted from craft design to modern industrial design. Handicraft design is developed on the basis of handicrafts, and the type of art and design which is mainly handmade and supplemented by simple tools usually has the characteristics of strong historical inheritance as well as single-piece production, and the design is not separated from the production, etc.; while the modern industrial design is established on the basis of modern industrial production, and machine mass production is the main body, and armed with the recent modern science and technology.

On the one hand, modern industrial design has a profound relationship with traditional handicraft design, which is the new development of traditional handicraft design under the conditions of modern society;

On the other hand, it is very different from traditional handicraft design, which is mainly manifested in the fact that it is built on the basis of modern industrial mass production, adopting batch and standardized production mode, and there is a clear specialization between designers and producers. There is a clear division of labor between designers and producers, and the design pays more attention to technology, standardization, social and commercial.