Five major arts and crafts in ancient China

① According to the functional value of arts and crafts

It can be divided into practical arts and crafts and furnishings arts and crafts. Practical arts and crafts refer to production and daily necessities including aesthetic artists, such as clothes, utensils and tools. Display handicrafts are handicrafts that focus on the artistic skills of display materials or the aesthetic intention of modeling decoration, such as tooth carving, jade carving, cloisonne and so on.

(2) According to the historical form of arts and crafts

Can be divided into traditional arts and crafts and modern arts and crafts. Traditional arts and crafts have a long history, strong local characteristics and national style, which embodies the spirit of China classical culture. Such as four famous embroideries, Beijing carved lacquer, Yixing purple sand pottery, Guangdong ivory ball, Yangzhou jade, etc. Modern arts and crafts such as modern pottery, advertising design, book binding, packaging and decoration are produced on the basis of modern industrial civilization, reflecting the spirit of modern culture and production needs.

③ According to the mode of production of arts and crafts.

Can be divided into arts and crafts and industrial design. Handmade handicrafts, that is, handicrafts made by hand; Industrial design, that is, technological creation by using modern materials and industrial technology.

④ According to the social class of arts and crafts producers and consumers.

It can be divided into folk arts and crafts, palace arts and crafts and literati arts and crafts. Folk arts and crafts are handicrafts made by working people as producers for their own needs, palace arts and crafts are handicrafts made according to the needs of feudal aristocratic rulers, and literati arts and crafts are handicrafts made for the needs of feudal literati class. Palace and literati handicrafts, which are dominated by furnishings, are the products of feudal times. After entering the socialist era, it was added as a national cultural heritage, that is, special crafts.

Protection and inheritance. Under the new historical conditions, handicrafts made by professional designers and craftsmen have become commodities with both practical and aesthetic values.

⑤ According to arts and crafts materials and production technology

It can be divided into carving (carving, carving or molding of bone, wood, bamboo, jade, mud, noodles and other materials), forging and smelting (bronze, gold and silver, cloisonne, etc.). ), firing (ceramic, glass feeder, etc. ), wood production (furniture, etc. ), painting (lacquerware, etc. ) and weaving and dyeing (silk weaving, etc. It is customary to divide traditional arts and crafts into six categories: sculpture, embroidery, weaving, metal, ceramics and lacquerware. Modern arts and crafts developed with modern industrial production are generally divided into indoor environment design, dyeing and weaving design, clothing design, daily industrial product modeling design, daily ceramic design, commercial art design and book binding design according to product objects.