I want to learn boxing, who can give me some advice?

Taijiquan

Explanation

One of the Chinese boxing styles, which in the early days used to be called "Long Fist", "Cotton Fist", "Thirteen Positions", "soft hands". To the Qing Dynasty Qianlong years (1736 ~ 1796 AD), Shanxi martial artist Wang Zongyue wrote "Taijiquan theory", only to determine the name of Taijiquan. The word "taiji" originates from "Zhouyi", which means the highest, the most extreme, the absolute and the only one.

Between heaven and earth, above the world, all things and chances are changing all the time. Trees, flowers and plants, mountains and buildings, seemingly static, all gradually aging. As the saying goes, only "change" is constant. Taijiquan is to put all kinds of changes in the fist exercise out. Static and static opening and closing, rigid and flexible, fast and slow, up and down, left and right, smooth and reverse winding, hidden and hidden, virtual and real, continuous, a family of the body, a movement without immobility, apparent when the momentum is abundant, hidden when the smoke dissipates, with the intention to bring force, to the point of melting in the whole body to achieve the strength to break the intention to continue, and then gently start, wielded at will. A thought, a thought, a move, at will, all in self-control, in order to achieve the effect of health and defense, this is Taijiquan.

Origin

About the origin of Taijiquan, there are many different opinions, roughly there are Tang Dynasty (A.D. 618-907) Xu Xuanping, Song Dynasty (A.D. 960-1278) Zhang Sanfeng, Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368-1644) Zhang Sanfeng, Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1644-1911) Chen Wangting and Wang Zongyue, and so on. However, nowadays, most of the boxers also take the claim that all kinds of Taijiquan Jun originated from Chen-style Taijiquan as their own. According to the Chinese martial arts historian Tang Hao and other evidence: Taijiquan was first practiced in the Chen family in Chenjiagou, Wen County, Henan Province. The creator of Chen's Taijiquan was Chen Wangting, an innovative martial artist.

Origin

The origin of Taijiquan has the following three aspects:

1) It synthesized and absorbed the boxing styles of famous masters of the Ming Dynasty. The martial arts were extremely popular in the Ming Dynasty, and many famous masters, monographs and new types of boxing appeared. Taijiquan was compiled by absorbing the strengths of the boxing styles of various schools at that time, especially Qi Jiguang's Thirty-two Potentials of Long Fist.

2) It combines the ancient techniques of guiding and exhaling. Taijiquan emphasizes the idea of guiding the qi to sink into the dantian, and emphasizes that the heart is quiet and the body is loose and heavy and strong, so it is called one of the "internal boxing".

3) It utilizes the ancient Chinese doctrine of yin and yang and the doctrine of meridians and collaterals of traditional Chinese medicine. Chen-style taijiquan requires that the meridian pathway, spiral winding, with the intention of traveling qi, through the two veins of Ren and Duo, practicing the belt vein, and the Chong vein. All styles of traditional taijiquan also use the doctrine of yin and yang and five elements to summarize and explain the various contradictory changes in boxing.

Basic Methods

Taijiquan takes "shedding, stroking, squeezing, pressing, blending, elbowing, leaning, advancing, retreating, looking around, hoping, and fixing" as its basic methods. The movements are slow and smooth, and it is required that when practicing Taijiquan, the waist is correct, the jaw is closed, the back is straight, and there is a mood of floating clouds. Boxers in the Qing Dynasty said, "Boxing is like the sea, flowing and unceasing". At the same time, Taijiquan also attaches great importance to practicing qi, the so-called "qi" is to cultivate the body's own spiritual power, which is one of the characteristics of Taijiquan as an internal martial art.

The essentials of boxing

1) quiet mind, breathing naturally, i.e., the practice of boxing requires quiet concentration of the mind, concentrate on guiding the movement, breathing steadily, deep and even naturally, can not be forced to hold their breath;

2) neutral Anshu, soft and slow, i.e., the body to maintain a loose and natural and impartial, the movement of clouds and flowing water, gentle and even;

3) movement arc, round and complete, i.e., the movement should be in the form of an arc spiral.

③Arc of movement, round and complete, i.e., the movement should be in the form of an arc spiral, the conversion of round and live without stagnation, at the same time to the waist as an axis, up and down with each other, the body to form a whole;

④Coherent and coordinated, clear distinction between real and imaginary, i.e., the movement should be continuous, articulated and smooth, and everywhere to distinguish between real and imaginary, and the center of gravity to maintain a stable;

⑤Light and calm, just and soft, i.e., each movement should be light and calm, not floating, not rigid, outside the soft and rigid, and the hair force to be The power should be complete and elastic, and should not be used in an awkward manner.

Taijiquan has the following requirements for the postures of various parts of the human body: head - keep the "virtual collar and top strength", have the idea of hanging up, do not be skewed and swaying, the eyes should be naturally flat, the mouth should be lightly closed, and the tongue should be set against the palate; neck - naturally straight, rotating and flexible; the neck should be naturally straight, rotating and flexible; the body should not use clumsy force. -The neck should be naturally straight and flexible, not tense; the shoulders should be flat and loose, not shrugged, buckled or opened; the elbows should be naturally bent and sunk to prevent stiffness or upward movement; the wrists should be sunk and "collapsed". -Sinking down "collapse wrist", strength focus, not flabby; Chest - loose and slightly contained, not outwardly or intentionally inwardly contracted; back - stretching and stretching, known as the "pull back". Back - stretching, called "pulling the back", not bowing; waist - downward loose sinking, rotating and flexible, not bowing forward or backward; spine - neutral and upright, to keep the body shape upright and natural; hip --The hips are slightly converged inward, not protruding outward, known as "slippery hips" and "convergence of the hips"; the hips are loosely contained, so that the strength is directed to the lower limbs. The hips are loose and contained, so that the force is concentrated in the lower limbs, not twisted and forward; legs - steady and solid, bending, light rotation, smooth movement, the knee is loose and live naturally, the palm of the foot is clear.

Playing taijiquan requires relaxation, quietness and naturalness, which makes part of the cerebral cortex enter a state of protective inhibition and get rest. At the same time, boxing can be active mood, the brain plays a regulatory role, and the more skillful, the more "first in the heart, after the body", concentrate on guiding the action. Such long-term persistence will restore and improve the brain function and eliminate various chronic diseases caused by nervous system disorders. Taijiquan requires "sinking of qi into the dantian", intentional use of abdominal breathing, increasing the depth of breathing, which is conducive to improving respiratory function and blood circulation. Through easy and gentle exercise, it can make the meridians and collaterals of old and weak people smooth, the metabolism vigorous, and the physique and functions strengthened. Taijiquan has been gradually popularized at home and abroad for nearly a hundred years because it has the function of preventing and curing diseases, and it has certain preventive and therapeutic effects on many chronic diseases such as neurasthenia, heart disease, hypertension, tuberculosis, bronchitis, ulcer disease and so on. Serious patients, to exercise under the guidance of medical personnel.

Taijiquan is unique and distinctive in its techniques. It requires a static brake, to soften the rigid, avoiding the real on the virtual, borrowing power, advocating that everything from the objective, with the people are living, by their own stagnation. For this reason, Taijiquan pays special attention to "listening to the power", that is, to accurately feel and judge the other party's momentum, in order to make a response. When the other party has not been launched before, they do not venture, can first be induced by the other party, test its reality, the term is called "lead hand". Once the other party starts, one should quickly grab the front, "before he moves, he moves first", "after the first to", introduce the opponent, make him lose weight and fall into the air, or disperse and transfer the other party's strength, take advantage of the weakness and attack back with full force. This principle of Taijiquan, which is embodied in Push Hands training and the essentials of set movements, not only can train people's physical qualities such as responsiveness, strength and speed, but also has a very important significance in the training of offense and defense fighting.

Schools

At present, there are five schools of Taijiquan, namely, Chen-style, Yang-style, Sun-style, Wu-style and Wu-style. At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Chen Wangting, a veteran boxer from Chenjiagou in Wen County, Henan Province, first created Taijiquan, which has been passed down from generation to generation. Yang Lu Chan, a native of Yongnian, Hebei Province, learned from Chen Chang Xing of Chen Jiagou, and together with his son, Yang Jian Hou, and his grandson, Yang Cheng Fu, created and developed "Yang Style Taijiquan" on the basis of Chen Style Taijiquan. At the end of Qing Dynasty, Wu Yuxiang, a native of Yongnian, Hebei Province, after Yang Lu Chan returned home from Chenjiagou, he loved his art and learned Yang's Chen-style Laojia Taijiquan from Yang, and then learned Zhaobaojia from Chen Qingping, and then he modified it and created "Wu-style Taijiquan". Sun Lutang, a native of Wanxian County, Hebei Province, learned Xingyiquan from Li Kuiyuan, then Guo Yunshen, the master of Li Kuiyuan, and learned Baguazhang from Cheng Tinghua. And then from the master Hao for real learning Taijiquan, after the combination of Bagua, Xingyi, Taijiquan the essence of the three boxing, fusion of one and create "Sun style Taijiquan".

With the development of history, martial arts gradually from the battlefield fighting to sports and fitness, taijiquan is exactly the same. More than 100 years ago, taijiquanists in the "thirteen potential work song" in the "detailed push with the intention of the end of what, life and prolonged life is not old spring" mentioned. After a long period of circulation, Taijiquan has evolved into many schools, among which the following five schools have been widely circulated or have more significant characteristics.

Chen-style Taijiquan is divided into two kinds of old frame and new frame, the old frame is created by Chen Wangting in the early Qing Dynasty, the original 5 routines, also known as the thirteen potentials, and there is another one hundred one-hundred single eight potentials of the long fist 1 set, 1 set of cannon whacking. From Chen Wangting, after more than 300 years of practicing and accumulating a lot of experience, the original set of punches has been continuously processed and refined, and finally formed the 1st and 2nd sets of Chen-style Taijiquan circulated in modern times (Fig. 1). The movements of these two sets of boxing are carefully choreographed, with different speeds and intensities, and different body styles, amounts of movement and difficulties, but they are all in line with the principles of gradual progression and flexibility and rigidity. Chen style 1 fist set existing 83, the main features are as follows: ① tangled silk power obvious, requiring everywhere to pay attention to the source of the waist and spine, with the intention of the four tips (i.e., the two hands and two foot tips), the action was curved spiral, winding round and to do "a move inside and outside all move"; ② rigid and flexible, soft in just, that is, can play a kind of just like just like just like soft, like soft, like soft, heavy and flexible non-soft, heavy and flexible internal strength; ③ action to be combined with breathing and luck, not only to achieve the "qi sinking dantian", but also in the practice of action at the same time the "dantian turn", sometimes also in the exhalation of sound (such as huh, kindly, hush, blow), in order to increase the strength; ④Fast and slow, i.e., fast at the change of movement, and slow in general; ⑤There are three kinds of boxing frames, high, medium and low, and those who are weak and sick can practise high frames, while those who are young and strong can practise low frames. Chen style 2nd way fist set formerly known as cannon whacking, the existing 71 styles, the main features are as follows: ① vibration feet to send more movement; ② action than the 1st way fast, just, strong explosive force; ③ "jumping jumps, flash show Tengnuo" more action, the momentum is strong. The 2nd way is only suitable for young and strong people to practice, and it is not widely spread. There are two kinds of Chen-style new frame routines, one is Chen Youben (Chenjiagou boxer) created, the order and the old frame with the same frame, the frame is smaller than the old frame, the circle is also smaller than the old frame, remove some of the original more difficult movements, Chenjiagou village people called "small circle fist", the old frame called "big circle fist The old frame was called "Big Circle Boxing". This kind of boxing was later passed on to Chen Xin, who wrote "Chen's Taijiquan Illustrations", explaining Chen's experience in practicing boxing accumulated over the generations. Another routine of the new frame was created by Chen Qingping, a disciple of Chen Youben, and is characterized by small and compact, slow movements, and the gradual addition of circles after practice, to the point of being extremely complex. Because it was first spread in Zhaobao Town, Wen County, Henan Province, it is called "Zhaobao Frame". Chen-style taijiquan is an ancient type of boxing, and other styles of taijiquan (such as Yang-style, Wu-style, Wu-style and Sun-style) are all developed on the basis of Chen-style taijiquan.

Yang Style Taijiquan Yang Lu Chan (1800 ~ 1873), a native of Yongnian, Hebei Province, studied Taijiquan as a hired laborer for the Chen family in Chenjiagou, Wenxian County, Henan Province, and returned to his home in his prime to teach Taijiquan. Soft Fist" and "Harmonized Fist". Yang Luchan went to Beijing to teach boxing, and many princes and nobles of the Qing Dynasty learned from him. He was so skilled that he was called "Yang Wufei" at that time. Later, in order to adapt to the needs of the general practitioners, Yang Lu Chan gradually modified the original strength, jumping, foot shaking and more difficult movements, and his son revised it into the middle frame, and then his grandson, Yang Chengfu, revised it again and again, and then it was finalized into the Yang-style large frame, which is the most popular Yang-style Taijiquan in modern times because of the simplicity and correctness of the practice (Fig. 2). Yang's grandparents and grandchildren were famous in Beijing, and after 1928, Yang Chengfu taught in Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Hankou and other places, and his style spread to all major cities in China. The characteristics of Yang style big frame are simple and concise, smooth movement, rigid and soft, light and heavy natural, exercise steps from loose into soft, accumulation of soft into rigid, rigid and soft, can naturally show the unique style of big style, the image of the beauty of the unique style. There are also high, medium and low styles. The amount of exercise can be adjusted according to the different ages, genders, physical conditions and requirements of the learners. Therefore, it is not only suitable for healing and health care, but also suitable for people with good physical strength to enhance their physical fitness and improve their skills. In 1957, the book "Taijiquan Exercise" (88 styles) was organized according to Yang-style Taijiquan, and the book "Yang-style Taijiquan" was published in 1963.

Wu Style Taijiquan The Manchu Quan You, a native of Daxing, Hebei Province, at the end of the Qing Dynasty, first learned Taijiquan's big frame from Yang Luchan, and then studied the small frame from Yang Luchan's second son, who was famous for his ability to soften the frame (Fig. 3). His son changed his surname from Chinese to Wu, and his name was Jianquan. The style inherited and taught by Wu Jianquan is continuous, not longitudinal, not jumping, and has a wide range of adaptability. As Wu modified the style, it became known as Wu Xiaofangzi. It became the modern and more widely circulated Wu Style Taijiquan.

Wu Jianquan in Beijing and Shanghai to pass on boxing for a long time, he played boxing style positive moves round, loose and natural, although the frame is small, but has a large frame of skills, by carrying out and compact, in the compact since the stretching, push the hands of the correct and strict, delicate and ironing. 1958 was published in the book "Wu-style Taijiquan".

Wu Style Taijiquan Wu Yuxiang, a native of Yongnian, Hebei Province, at the end of the Qing Dynasty, learned Taijiquan from Yang Lu Chan and got the general idea of it, and then he learned new frame Taijiquan and got Taijiquan Spectrum in Danyang County, and then he summarized the exercise principles in his experience of practicing Taijiquan as Ten Essentials of the Body Method. Wu-Style Taijiquan is characterized by strict stance, compact posture, slow movements, strict footwork, clear distinction between reality and reality, always keeping the chest and abdomen in and out of rotation, dominating the appearance with the transformation of reality and reality and the "submergence of internal qi", with the left and right hands managing half of the body, and striking out with nothing more than the toes of the feet (Fig. 4). Wu-style taijiquan was introduced to Beijing in the early years of the Republic of China, and later to Nanjing and Shanghai, where it was published as a book entitled "Wu-style taijiquan" in 1963.

Sun Style Taijiquan Sun Lutang, a native of Wanxian County, Hebei Province, at the end of the Qing Dynasty, was a keen lover of martial arts. He first learned Xingyiquan, then Bagua Palm, and practiced diligently with great effort, and then began to learn Taijiquan in the early years of the Republic of China, combining the strengths of various schools and integrating them into a coherent whole. The characteristics of Sun-style Taijiquan are that it follows each other in advance and retreat, spreads and rounds out, is sensitive in movement, and when it changes direction, it is often connected by opening and closing, so it is also known as "opening and closing and living step Taijiquan" (Fig. 5).

The styles and postures of the above five styles of taijiquan are different, but the structure and sequence of movements are basically the same, and the purpose of practicing taijiquan is for fitness and treatment of diseases. In addition to the boxing sets, each of the 5 styles of Taijiquan has its own way of practicing push hands and equipment sets, such as Taiji sword, Taiji knife and so on.

Development

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, taijiquan has developed very fast, and people playing taijiquan have spread all over the country. At present, there are hundreds of taijiquan counseling stations in parks, streets and stadiums in Beijing alone, attracting a large number of enthusiasts. All departments of health, education and sports have listed taijiquan as an important program to be carried out, and millions of books and wall charts on taijiquan have been published. Taijiquan is also generally welcomed abroad. In Europe, America, Southeast Asia, Japan and other countries and regions, there are taijiquan activities. According to incomplete statistics, more than 30 kinds of books on taijiquan have been published in the United States alone, and many countries have set up taijiquan associations and other groups to actively carry out exchanges with China. Taijiquan, as a unique national sport of China, has aroused the interests and hobbies of many international friends.

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