The operation of common clinical injection method

(1) Definition: the method of injecting a small amount of medicine between the epidermis and the dermis.

(2) Purpose: skin test; prophylactic inoculation; local anesthesia pioneer step.

(3) Site: skin test on the lower part of the palmar side of the forearm; prophylactic inoculation on the lower edge of the deltoid muscle.

(4) Needle-holding position: the right index finger fixes the needle plug.

(5) Needle angle: the tip of the needle is at an angle of 5° to the skin.

(6) Depth of needle insertion: the tip of the needle is beveled and reaches between the epidermis and the dermis.

(7) Precautions: Avoid using iodine for skin disinfection, and the injection site should not be pressed and rubbed with hands to prevent the observation of results.

II. Subcutaneous injection method

(1) Definition: the method of injecting a small amount of medicine into the subcutaneous tissue.

(2) Purpose: rapid achievement of efficacy and when it is not suitable or can not be administered orally; local drug supply; preventive inoculation of bacterial vaccine, vaccine.

(3) Site: lower edge of the deltoid muscle, lateral upper arm, abdomen, back, lateral aspect of the thigh.

(4) Needle-holding posture: the right index finger fixes the needle plug.

(5) Angle of needle entry: the tip of the needle is at an angle of 30° to 40° to the skin.

(6) Depth of needle insertion: 2/3 of the needle tip (1.5 to 2 cm).

(7) Precautions: the angle of the needle should not be more than 45 ° angle, so as not to pierce the muscle layer; less than 1 ml of liquid with a 1 ml syringe suction and injection; often injected should be replaced by the injection site.

Three, intramuscular injection method

(1) Definition: the method of injecting the drug into the muscle tissue.

(2) site and positioning ① gluteus maximus injection () "ten" method () line method ② gluteus medius, small muscle injection ③ lateral femoral muscle injection ④ deltoid muscle injection (3) position ① side-lying position: the upper leg is straight, the lower leg is slightly curved;

② prone position: the toes of the feet relative to each other, the heel is separated;

③ Supine position: used for the critically ill; sitting position: easy to maneuver.

(4) Needle-holding position: the middle finger fixes the needle plug (holding a brush style).

(5) Angle of needle entry: the tip of the needle is at a 90° angle to the skin.

(6) Needle depth: 2/3 of the needle (2.5-3cm).

(7) Precautions: infants and children under 2 years of age should not be injected into the gluteus maximus muscle because of the imperfect development of the gluteus maximus muscle, and should be injected into the gluteus medius and minimus muscles to prevent damage to the sciatic nerve.

IV. Intravenous injection method

(1) Definition: the method of injecting medication from the vein.

(2) Location: the vital vein, the median vein, the cephalic vein, the superficial veins of the dorsum of the hand, the dorsum of the foot and the ankle (such as the dorsal vein of the hand, the great saphenous vein, the small saphenous vein, and the dorsal vein of the foot).

(3) Needle position: same as intradermal injection.

(4) Angle of needle insertion: the tip of the needle is at an angle of 20° to the skin.

(5) Requirements for tying a tourniquet: the site is more than 6 cm above the puncture point, and the time is between iodine and ethanol sterilization of the skin.

(6) Precautions: If there is local pain and swelling in pushing the drug, and no blood return in the test draw, it suggests that the needle slipped out of the vein, and the needle should be withdrawn, the site should be changed, and the drug should be injected again. Those who need long-term intravenous drug administration should start from the distal small vein to protect the vein. According to the condition and the nature of the drug, master the speed of injecting the drug, listen to the patient's complaints at any time, and observe the local injection and changes in the condition. Drugs with strong stimulation of the tissue, should be injected into a small amount of saline first, confirmed that the needle in the blood vessels, and then change the syringe injection of the liquid to prevent spillage of the liquid and tissue necrosis.