What are the common drugs used in chemotherapy for stomach cancer

Chemotherapy is a common treatment for gastric cancer, which plays a great role in patients' postoperative recovery, and can: improve the surgical resection rate, reduce the spread of tumor cells, eliminate the residual lesions and so on. Then what are the chemotherapeutic drugs that patients are very concerned about. Usually, there are six types of chemotherapeutic drugs more commonly used for gastric cancer, such as 5-fluorouracil, furafuracil, nitrosoureas and so on.

The first category: 5-fluorouracil

This drug is a pyrimidine antimetabolite, 5-FU in the cell needs to be transformed into 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine monophosphate and play a role. FdUMP inhibits thymine nucleotide synthetase, which prevents the conversion of uracil deoxyribonucleic acid into thymine deoxyribonucleic acid and affects the synthesis of intracellular DNA. This drug is a cell cycle-specific drug that kills proliferating cells in all phases and has a delaying effect on the G1/S border. The half-life is 10-20 minutes, and it is mainly metabolized in the liver dispersion. Its side effects are leukopenia and thrombocytopenia caused by myelosuppression, which can be recovered 2-3 weeks after stopping the drug. In addition, gastrointestinal reactions such as loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea can occur.

The second category: furan fluorouracil

Furan fluor is iller and other synthetic 5-FU derivatives, oral absorption is good, in the body by the liver activation gradually transformed into fluorouracil and antitumor effect, not only in the hepatocytes through the cytochrome P-450 microsomal enzyme system decomposition to 5-FU, but also through the soluble enzyme decomposition of local tissues to 5-FU and the role. It also acts through local tissue soluble enzymes to 5-FU. Thus, not all of the 5-FU broken down after the application of FT-207 reaches the target tissues through the hematopoietic ring, and the side effects are milder than those of 5-FU, but the efficacy is higher.

The third category: nitrosoureas

Nitrosoureas, such as simustine capsules, fat-soluble, non-specific drugs for the cell, is an alkylating agent. Oral absorption is rapid and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Its side effects are mainly delayed myelosuppression. The decrease of platelets mostly occurs 3-5 weeks after taking the drug, while the decrease of leukocytes occurs 1-2 weeks after the decrease of platelets, which can be recovered after stopping the drug; at the same time, there can be gastrointestinal effects such as loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. Because delayed hepatic and renal impairment can occur, hepatic and renal insufficiency should be used with caution.

The fourth category: cytarabine

This product mainly acts in the cell S proliferation phase, the inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis is weak, cytarabine needs to be phosphorylated into the body to become the active type before it can play a role in the inhibition of DNA polymerization enzyme and interfere with the DNA of the Ara-C for the cell cycle-specific drugs, mainly in the S phase, and on the G1/S, S / G2 boundary has a delayed effect. G2 border has a delaying effect. Since the drug is poorly absorbed orally, it has to be administered intravenously to exert its therapeutic effect. Side effects are mainly myelosuppression, gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomiting, etc. Occasionally, it may cause liver function abnormalities.

Type V: autofibromycin

Autofibromycin, also known as mitomycin C, has a wide range of effects, and can be used in a variety of cancer treatments, and the efficacy of better, for the cell cycle non-specific drugs. Automycin is extracted from the culture of Streptomyces peucetius var caesius at the Farm Italia Institute in Italy, and its chemical structure is similar to that of orthomycin. The drug is metabolized by the liver and excreted in the biliary tract, so it can produce serious toxicity in people with reduced liver function and should be applied in decelerated amounts. It is highly toxic to the heart, and the appearance of toxicity is related to the total dose. If the total dose is 400 mg/m2 then it is easy to affect the heart and develop heart failure. Other side effects are leukopenia and thrombocytopenia and anemia.

Type 6: Adriamycin

Adriamycin is a cytotoxic drug that kills all cancer cells and is a cyclic nonspecific drug. Before use, add sodium chloride injection to dissolve, the concentration is usually 2mg/ml. slow intravenous or arterial injection. This product has a strong toxicity to the heart, the emergence of toxicity is related to the total dose.