Detailed information of Lingnan Garden

Lingnan garden is one of the three major schools of traditional Chinese gardening art, which has a very important significance in the history of Chinese gardening, especially in the innovation and development of modern gardens, and even more pivotal role. Lingnan is characterized by beautiful landscapes and mountains, and bordered by the sea, with distinctive environmental features. Lingnan people in pursuit of natural, artistic garden life, which has bred a unique style of Lingnan garden: realistic and eclectic, exquisite and beautiful.

In the form of architecture, Lingnan gardens have more distinctive features: First, the body is light, transparent, simple. Secondly, the decoration is exquisite, gorgeous, a large number of wood carving, brick carving, ceramics, gray plastic and other folk crafts, door and window lattice fan, flower cover leakage window, etc. are carefully carved, and then inlaid with sets of color glass made of patterned patterns, in the color of the role of light and shadow, like a piece of lingerie weaving silk. Third, the layout of the form and local components by the influence of Western architectural culture, such as traditional Chinese architecture using Roman-style arched windows and doors and Baroque columns, with stone masonry in the form of regular pools, halls outside the cast-iron trellis, etc., reflecting the compatibility of Chinese and Western Lingnan cultural characteristics.

In the 18th and early 19th centuries, Guangzhou Haizhu District, Xiguan area had emerged from the thirteen lines of merchants built by the magnificent scale, elegant and gorgeous private gardens, including the Pan Family Garden, Wu Family Garden, Hai Shan Xiankuan, including a large number of famous gardens, known as the "merchants garden". They are not only the pinnacle of Lingnan gardens, but also triggered the Qing Dynasty European countries to imitate the "Chinese" gardens. The four major gardens of Lingnan in the Qing Dynasty are Qinghuiyuan, Yuyinshanfang, Liangyuan and Keyuan, and other famous gardens include Bijiang Jinlou, Baomo Garden, Shunde Hoyuan and Yuehuiyuan, etc. The four gardens of Lingnan in the Qing Dynasty are the Qinghuiyuan, Yuyinshanfang, Liangyuan and Keyuan.

Basic introduction Chinese name ：Lingnan Garden Foreign name ：Lingnan Garden Affiliated area ：Lingnan area Four famous gardens ：Qinghui Garden, Yuyin Mountain House, Liang Yuan, Ke Yuan Development history, classification, belonging to the type, the layout type, geographical type, garden features, courtyard layout, space performance and architectural form, garden location, garden elements, mountains, water, stone, architecture, painting, plants, influence, representative gardens. Influence, representative gardens, Qinghuiyuan, Liangyuan, Yuyinshanfang, Keyuan, development history Lingnan is the general name for the south of the Five Ridges in southern China, whose territory mainly involves the south of Fujian, all of Guangdong, and the east and south of Guangxi, and is located on the southeastern edge of the Eurasian continent at a low latitude. With the Five Ridges as a barrier in the north and the South China Sea in the south, it is mountainous and sparsely populated with a long network of rivers and is subject to strong sunlight and the influence of the sea and land monsoon winds, which provides it with excellent climatic conditions. The Tropic of Cancer crosses the territory, due to benefit from the regulation of monsoon, here is still a beautiful mountain, lush plants, lush all year round, showing a typical subtropical and tropical natural landscape, known as the southern scenery and famous in China and abroad. Formed by the natural landscape of natural gardens and private gardens suitable for Lingnan people's living habits, but also different from the northern gardens of the magnificence of the Jiangnan gardens of the slender show, and has a light, airy, beautifully decorated and ornate features. According to historical records, Lingnan gardens were built in the South Vietnamese Emperor Zhao Tuo (?). --- 137 years ago), following the example of the Qin Emperor's palace garden, in the Yue capital of Panyu (today's Guangzhou), a large number of palace building garden. The existing Jiuyao Park, its predecessor is the remains of the immortal lake, the Lingnan Royal Palace Court pushed to the peak, and then with the demise of the ruling regime, the Lingnan Royal Garden also disappeared. But with the gradual rise of Lingnan socio-economic, cultural and artistic development and increasingly frequent exchanges at home and abroad, Lingnan garden gradually showing more and more strong local folk colors. Representatives of Lingnan gardens in the Qing Dynasty Haisan Xiankan, Wu Jia Garden, Guangzhou General's House Garden, Longevity Temple Garden. Lingnan gardens of openness, compatibility and diversity of the earliest manifested in the South Vietnamese royal gardens on the wholesale absorption of garden culture in the Central Plains, to the Qing Dynasty, a large number of classical gardens with flowers and color glass, the formation of the Jiangnan and the north of the two very different, in addition, the Chen Jitang Public House and Zhang Weili's Lipuyuan like Western European garden architecture, Longyan Zhongshan Park Russian garden architecture, grass warm park and the western planning of the Yuntai Park layout, and a large number of classical gardens in the western planning and layout, as well as a large number of classical gardens in the garden. Russian garden architecture in Longyan Zhongshan Park, Western planning in Caonuan Park and Yuntai Park, as well as a large number of Manchurian windows in classical gardens are all manifestations of openness and compatibility. Classification Attributed to the type Lingnan gardens include royal, private and public **** gardens. Royal gardens include the Four Terraces of the King of South Vietnam, the Sangxi of the King of Min Yue, the West Royal Court of the Southern Han Dynasty, and the Crystal Palace of the West Lake of the King of Min. The Nine Obsidian Stones of Yakushu of Southern Han Dynasty still exist in the Nine Obsidian Garden in Guangzhou. When the garden was built, Liu Nano ordered people from all over the world to collect a large number of strange stones to embellish, the accumulation of stones like a forest, beautiful. Ancient records, these stones are thought to be transported back from the Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province around the Taihu Lake Lingbi stone. But by modern experts, that the Five Dynasties period Taihu belongs to Wu Yue and South Tang two countries, far from the South Han jurisdiction, is not possible, should be from the province Fengzhou (now Fengkai) along the North River waterway. And private gardens are the four famous gardens in Guangdong, Guangxi's Wild Goose Garden, Fujian's Peas and Peas Garden, Taiwan's four famous gardens and so on. The best preserved Lingnan garden is the Yuyin Mountain House in Panyu, with its architectural gray-plastic lintel, Yingshi piled mountain, regular pool bank, wood-carved cave cover, and combination of corridors and bridges all exemplary of Lingnan gardens. Public **** gardens include West Lake in Huizhou, Seven Star Rock in Zhaoqing, Qingyuan Mountain in Fujian, and Longhu Rock in Taiwan. Layout type Lingnan gardens have courtyard type, natural landscape type, comprehensive type and so on. The courtyard type is the characteristic of Lingnan gardens, and its compactness is comparable to that of Japanese classical gardens. Almost all private houses, restaurants, teahouses and hotels are built with courtyard gardens, such as Dongguan Garden, Guangzhou White Swan Hotel, and Haikou Overseas Chinese Hotel. Geographical types Lingnan gardens are Guangdong gardens, Guangxi gardens, Fujian gardens, Taiwan gardens, Hainan gardens and so on. Guangdong gardens are the mainstream of Lingnan gardens, which are characterized by the landscape pattern of Yingshi pile of mountains and cliff pools, the architecture of the slow roof and wide eaves and towers and cold alleys, decorative sculpture of the three plastic, the contrasting colors of the color blue, green and yellow, the bridge of the corridor, the seasonal flowering of plants. Guangxi gardens are characterized by natural landscape and the accumulation of history and culture, which are expressed in stone forests, stone peaks, stone cliffs, stone pools and wall carvings. Hainan gardens to natural landscape in the seascape, island view, reef view, beach view for landscape features, grass roof, fish ornaments, simple for architectural features, coconut groves, betel nut, trillium and other plant features. Coral stone is used to pile up mountains in all gardens, and it is used to build slopes in the Dadonghai, doors in the Ocean Park, and mountains in the Wugong Temple. Fujian gardens to reefs, molded drum stone for landscape features, to rising ridge, sea wave ridge tail for architectural features, ridge dragon carvings, fish and grass mountain flowers and stone carvings for decorative features. Taiwan's gardens to gray plastic stone mountain, goo stone mountain and imitation of fujian famous mountain for landscape features, to minnan architecture for architectural features, to flat roof arch bridge for bridge features, to gray plastic or brick carving of fruits and gourds utensils leakage window for decorative features Garden features Garden layout Lingnan garden layout roughly the following four kinds: 1) building around the court; 2) the front garden, backyard; 3) the side of the study garden; 4) the front house *** . Architecture around the court layout Architecture around the court that is, the buildings are arranged along the perimeter of the garden, and buildings and corridors, walls to form an enclosing space layout method. It is characterized by more buildings in a very limited area, and does not cause constriction, crowded situation. Such as dongguan can garden. The layout of the garden in front of the back garden the garden in front of the backyard or the front garden after the house is another common layout of the garden in Lingnan, the garden in the residence, most of them are located in the backyard community, self-contained. Residence and garden are relatively independent, each into a district, but there is no solid wall separation, but also divided and connected. The interval between the garden area and the residential area, or with the cave door and flower wall, or with the corridor and pavilion courtyard, or with the flowers and trees and pools and water. The garden was part of the owner's life, and the layout was more spacious and open. The residential area is in the form of a compound with a dense layout, but it is more flexible and free. Examples of Shunde Qinghuiyuan. Book Lodge side court layout Book Lodge is a unique type of architecture in Lingnan, it is usually combined with residential and garden. Most of the book lounge is located next to the residence, the book lounge and the mansion of a wall, with a doorway connected to the line. Shujai garden shape, size, size flexibility, garden space permeable meandering, more open court, worship court, gallery, through the flower wall and other open buildings or vignettes. Shujai garden in the arrangement of water features rockery, planting flowers and trees, natural interest is relatively strong. This kind of study side court in the east of Guangdong house garden appeared more. Front House *** Layout Front House *** or the layout of the front house side of the court in front of the traditional courtyard courtyard house, behind or next to the house is the garden. Residence-based residential mostly use the central axis symmetry method, and large houses can have multiple axes, through the strict symmetry of the courtyard, in some of the rear or side of the residence, often unexpectedly appear a free layout of small gardens. Space performance and architectural form Space is one of the main performance contents of garden art, which achieves artistic effects through such techniques as division, combination, connection, articulation and transition. Lingnan garden is a kind of garden space enclosed by buildings, in Lingnan garden or courtyard, there are various forms of enclosure, courtyard in the form of quadrangle, mostly in some more formal building groups in Lingnan, such as government offices and residences, temples and Taoist monasteries, ancestral halls and academies, etc. In addition to the basic form of quadrangle, there are also other forms of courtyard in Lingnan, such as the courtyard of the government office, temple and Taoist temple. In addition to the basic form of courtyard, there are other combinations. Such as the combination of walls and buildings into courtyards, Dongguan can be a garden in the garden of the pot in the courtyard, is a small courtyard surrounded by a wall on one side of the building on three sides. Lingnan garden in the layout of the local characteristics. For example, the Panyu Yuyin Mountain House adopts a geometrical layout, consisting of two water courtyards side by side, one of which is in the shape of a zigzag, and the other in the shape of a square; Dongguan Ke Yuan utilizes the arrangement of a "wide range of rooms and buildings", and the buildings are organized into groups enclosing a large courtyard, with the interspersed combinations of spaces somewhat resembling small courtyards. The combination of space interspersed with a little like a small neighborhood, which is very different from the previous single distribution, combined with the layout of the cloister courtyard. Lingnan garden building shape is generally more light, transparent and open, simple structure, volume is also smaller, the outline of the building 'soft and stable, generous and simple. Lingnan garden halls are generally three rooms, the bright room and the second room is often separated from the lattice fan or door cover, divided into different roles such as meeting friends and reading and resting space, such as the Yuyinshanfang deep willow hall, can be the garden can be the hall and so on. But Lingnan garden in many buildings in the single plane, is not necessarily a three-room rectangular plane, such as the garden of the double room for the subzigzag, yuyin shanfang Linglong water plane into an octagonal shape. If the northern royal garden is an endless mountain and water, the feeling is that there is no specific environment space limited, and the garden of Jiangnan is to build their own heaven and earth, dominated by the idea of hidden, then Lingnan garden reflects the thought and emotion of the garden owner who wants to have his own piece of small world, but wants to expand outward to understand the outside world. The spatial characteristics of Lingnan gardens are a combination of inward and diffuse types. The space inside the garden of Lingnan Residence Garden also belongs to the enclosed and closed inward type, but in the landscape organization, especially in the line of sight organization, the space inside and outside the garden is organically combined together to produce a sense of spatial diffusion. Lingnan house garden area is small, garden space organization is relatively simple, can not be as Jiangnan garden as the use of interspersed, zigzag, penetration, and other means to enrich the garden space, but Lingnan garden through the use of the garden outside the scene, the garden outside the scene organization to the garden, thus forming a rich level of space in the garden. There are two main forms of this technique with the help of external scenery: critical surface integration method Lingnan garden site mostly in the place of beautiful natural scenery, therefore, gardening in the house garden and the outside world at the junction of the use of the best environmental landscape oriented to take the open way to the layout. A common technique used in Lingnan gardens is to borrow the water surface, which can play a good role in being flat and open with a wide view. And also the hall as an interface, in the garden can be viewed outside the garden scenery, and outside the garden to watch the garden architecture, because of the beautiful shape of the more obvious charm of the garden. Landscape viewpoint elevation method the use of pavilions or rockery elevated line of sight, when mounted on the pavilion or rockery, not only the garden space scenery at a glance, but also can look out of the garden of the streams, pools and lakes, fields, and the distant range of mountains and peaks, garden heights of vision, far-sighted, a sense of the sea and the sky, the composition of the garden is very rich, and has achieved The garden composition is very rich, achieving the effect of "mountains beyond the mountains and buildings beyond the buildings". Garden site selection Lingnan garden construction, the most important thing is the site selection, and site selection can also best show the aesthetic orientation of the garden builder and the interest of life. Suzhou garden site selection principle is: the garden in the deep alleys, garden mixed in the middle of the residential, that is, in the downtown to seek a secluded place, through artistic conception and artificial means to create a piece of the city of mountains and forests. And Lingnan garden principle is to leave the city as far as possible, the garden house built in the natural environment of the real mountains and water, and even down the house garden into nature, become part of it. Garden builders advocate nature, the pursuit of simplicity, not too much emphasis on artificially created fake mountains and running water, and do not envy the kind of gardens in Jiangnan to create a mountain within reach of the ingenuity of the forest. The four famous gardens in Guangdong, Qinghui Garden and Liang Garden were built at the edge of the town, while Keyuan Garden and Yuyinshanfang were built in the countryside in order to seek good environmental conditions. Garden elements Mountain -- Lingnan garden is not mountainous, garden mountain has several kinds: First, the cliffs in the waterfall pool bureau, such as the nine lions in the Qinghui Garden and Fenglai peak; Second, the drum stone pool bureau of the drum stone island, such as Wan Shi Botanical Garden in the lake in the real drum stone and the South Lake Park in the molded drum stone; Third, the reef bureau of the reef, such as the Foshan Liang Garden in the turtle and the stone in the center of the lake; The fourth is the general pile of mountains, such as the coral stone mountain in Haikou Wugongzhi. Lingnan gardens are less likely to pile up mountains with soil, even in modern parks, mostly due to water for water, due to mountains for mountains, such as Guilin gardens in the real mountains and water, almost no remodeling. Water -- Lingnan garden is water, water into a variety of patterns: one is the cliff waterfall pool bureau of rock pools and waterfalls, such as the White Swan Hotel in the hometown of the water and water pools as well as the Guangzhou Villa Hotel's Triple Springs; two is a lake scene, such as Huizhou, Chaozhou, Leizhou, Fuzhou, Quanzhou, West Lake, Zhaoqing, Xinghu, Guangzhou, Liuhua Lake, East Lake and Liwan Lake, and so on; three is a pool, with the water, and the water, and the water, and the water, and the water, and the water. Pool, and the cliff waterfall pool bureau is different is not a waterfall, the water surface is broader, such as Liuzhou Longtan Park Longtan and Leitan, Taiwan Sun Moon Lake; four is the goblet of curved water, such as Guangzhou Sculpture Park in the Yunxi; five is the well spring, such as Guangzhou's Lianquan and greed springs, Liuzhou Yufeng Park, the three sisters of the building courtyard of the well bar and so on; six is a boat pool. Stone -- stone and marble and Jiangnan and northern gardens are different, the stone has Guangxi lake stone, Guangdong yellow waxy stone and English stone, Minnan granite, Hainan coral stone, Taiwan goo stone and so on. Lingnan stone is not stacked upwards, but to the horizontal expansion, divided into place stone method, stacked stone method, hanging wall method, molded stone method. Place the stone method for the yellow wax stone, lake stone and granite, divided into flat, throw the stone and buried stone three methods. Stone body placed on the soil, such as randomly thrown into, so the cloud thrown, such as the Golden Camellia Park; stone root into the soil half cut below, known as flat, such as Huli Park; stone root more than half of the soil is not known as the buried stone, such as the Nanshan Temple. Stacked stone method is mostly used for lake stone or coral stone, such as Zhongshan Park in Shantou, Shantou Sea Reef Stone Hill, Haikou, Haikou Wugongzhi Coral Stone Hill, Taiwan, Wu Yuan, Gouxu Stone Hill. Stacked stone method is mainly used for Ying Shi wall mountain practice, called hanging wall method, the most rich Lingnan charm, such as the Guangzhou Hotel Triple Folded Spring, can be used for outdoor indoor, the former such as Guangzhou Liuhua Lake Park Tea Room of the wall, the latter, such as the White Swan Hotel in the stone room of the wall mountain. Plastic stone method with stucco and cement imitation stone, saving stone, modern parks, children's play area of the ancient cave adventure almost all with plastic stone, the best when the Minnan plastic drum stone, such as Xiamen South Lake Park. Architecture From the type of view, there are towers, boat halls, bridges, etc., towers from the towers, such as the garden invitation to the pavilion, Qinghui Park, stay in Fen Pavilion and Liyuan Yupei building; boat in addition to the Jiangnan garden like stone boat, there are Lingnan boat, such as the Baomo Garden of the purple hole boat, there are distinctive boat hall, the living room and the building combined with the intention of the boat, more than one thousand girls with the Miss, so it is commonly known as the Miss building, such as the Qinghui Garden and the Yuyinshanfang is also. Bridge in the classical gardens and gallery combined into a corridor roof stone arch bridge, such as the Yuyin Mountain House as a typical. On the combination of ways to see, with "high walls and cold alleys" to the building compound for more into the multi-courtyard combination, or with "even room Bo Xia" to the building and courtyard as one; on the monolithic form of the view, more high columns and bases, wide gable corridors, thick walls, green tile roof, pressure tiles, warped ridge, flower glass windows, carved brick windows, and the roof of the bridge is also called the Miss House. Flower glass windows, brick windows, gray plastic doors; on the decorative point of view, the most typical is the "three carvings and three plastic": wood, brick and stone carvings, ceramic, clay and gray plastic. Classical gardens in the three carvings and three plastic throughout the garden, in the door, door couplets, window lintels, plinths, pedestals, gables, cornices, cornices, moon beams, melon pillars, bird for the bird, sitting on the leaning, balustrades, ridges, etc., which is the most Lingnan flavor to the gray sculpture and brick carvings, such as Qinghui Garden in the "Su Wu Mu Shepherds sheep" gray sculpture and the Panchiao Garden of melons and fruits in the brick leakage of the window. Paintings and Characters The artifacts in Qinghui Garden include the calligraphy of Li Zhaoluo, Li Wentian and He Shaoji. The collection in Ke Yuan includes works of art by Zhang Jingxiu, the founder of Ke Yuan, as well as Jiu Chao and Jiu Lian, representatives of the Lingnan School of Painting. The carved sandalwood screen in the Deep Willow Hall of the Yuyin Mountain House is inscribed with poems by the three great talents of the late Qing Dynasty, Liang Shanzhou, Zhang Fenshan and Weng Fangzang, as well as the calligraphic handwriting of Liu Yong, a university scholar in the Qianlong era. The three pavilions of Huo Zongjie, Zhao Shao'ang and Yang Shan Shen in the Bao Mo Gardening and Forestry Garden gather a large number of calligraphy and paintings by ancient and modern masters, and the Yaji Pavilion has a collection of 190 paintings reflecting the folk life in Guangzhou more than 200 years ago. There are also such as Huizhou small peach garden back door couplet "not deep not shallow lake, half brick half pavilion home"; Yuyin Shanfang door couplet "the rest of the three bows of the red rain, shade of the sky a corner of the green clouds deep"; Liwan Lake Park, Haishan Senkan have couplet "Lotus world, Li Zi The coupling of "the world of lotus flowers and the time of Lizi"; the coupling of "the big river crossing in front of the bright moon"; the coupling of "the floating home and the mansion, how would you not follow the waves"; the coupling of the main gate "100,000 buy neighbors to occupy more water, a point to start a house and half planted flowers"; and the coupling of "a hundred thousand buy neighbors to occupy more water, a point to start a house and half planted flowers". A point to start the house and a half planted flowers"; people's realm hut rest pavilion "there are three points of water, four points of bamboo to add seven points of the bright moon, from the five-step building ten steps of the pavilion to look at the Yangtze River, 100 steps"; Huizhou West Lake, six such as the pavilion "does not increase, does not diminish, does not live, does not extinguish not enough not pure, such as a dream like a fantasy, such as a bubble, such as a shadow, such as a dew, such as electricity "and so on. Plants Summarized by the words "flowers in all seasons, scenery of the rain belt", the characteristic trees include palm trees such as Coco de Mer, False Betel Nut, Coco de Mer, and Coco Bottle; vines such as Cannonball Flower, Nightshade, Wisteria, Leucaenaena leucocephala, and Green Roe; shade-resistant Orchids, Bananas, Taro, Ferns, and Anemone; and Banyan and Lychee trees, among others. Influence Between the 18th and early 19th centuries, Guangzhou's Haizhu District and Xiguan area saw the emergence of magnificent private gardens built by merchants of the Thirteen Houses of Commerce, including many famous gardens such as the Pan's Garden, the Wu's Garden, and the Haishan Immortal Pavilion, which were known as the "Merchants' Gardens". These gardens were not only the pinnacle of Lingnan gardens, but also triggered the imitation of 'Chinese' gardens by European countries during the Qing Dynasty. This was the period when the 'Chinese' style of gardens spread in Europe. Foreign merchants often to the merchants courtyard gathering, Chinese and foreign painters on the garden carefully depicted, and issued to the world landscape "export paintings", so that the Guangdong gardens across the ocean, reputation spread far and wide. 18th century, only in Paris there are more than 20 Chinese-style landscape gardens, Versailles Palace of all kinds of furniture and artifacts are also mostly from China. The ruler of the German Duchy of Saxony in Dresden near the Elbe built a Pillnitz Palace, which is the "Water Palace" is built in accordance with the style of Chinese architecture. King Frederick II of Prussia also built a "Chinese Tea Pavilion" next to his "Carefree Palace" in Potsdam, which became a striking sight in the royal garden. Between 1742 and 1744, the English architect Chambers came to Guangzhou twice to study garden architecture. Chambers brought the Chinese architectural design style to Europe, which greatly influenced the development of the "Chinese style" of Western architecture in the 18th century. Chambers in his classic book "Oriental gardening" in the words: for Chinese garden art, Europeans "can only be like the sun as far as possible to absorb its light only". He himself in its own design, located in the suburbs of London, "mound garden", built a tall Chinese tower. This aesthetic interest has apparently formed a social and architectural trends, such as the British writer Addison, the poet Pope and so on have built a Chinese-style garden. According to records, when the thirteen lines with the Museum graduates Zhang Deyi visited Sweden, in Sweden, the Empress Dowager's Palace in the Chinese-style houses, "as if returning to the sail home", the four walls hanging Cursive Couplets, utensils and furnishings are transported from Guangdong ...... European imitation of the Chinese mood of the fashion lasted nearly a hundred years! This was the period of Thirteen Houses. Qinghui Garden Shunde Qinghui Garden is one of the four famous gardens in Guangdong, a provincial cultural relics protection unit, the overall style is known for its elegance and simplicity. The garden was built in 1800, with an area of more than 22,000 square meters. Inside the garden, the water and trees are clear, the scenery is elegant and beautiful, the former residence of the Long family and the expansion of the new scenery are integrated, utilizing the blue water, green trees, ancient walls, leaky windows, rocky mountains, bridges, curved corridors, etc. and the pavilions interact with the feed. Corrected the ancient architecture, garden, carving, poetry and calligraphy, gray carving and other arts in China. It highlights the characteristics of China's courtyard architecture, such as majestic, strange, dangerous, secluded, beautiful and open. The main attractions are Boat Hall, Bixi Cao Tang, Cheng Yi Red Infinitely Study House, Cheng Yi Pavilion, Shiyin Study House, Bamboo Won, Returning to Send Lodge, Pen Sheng Hua Pavilion, Doo Cave, Red Infinitely Study House, Read Cloud Xuan, Muying Stream, and Liufen Feeding, etc. The modeling and construction are unique and ingenious. The modeling and construction of the garden are unique, each with its own mood, dexterity and elegance, and the doors and windows are simple and exquisite, with endless tastes. Trees in the garden are luxuriant, rich in varieties and colorful, and the ancient building feed pavilions and pavilions are mixed with each other, and if you are in the middle of it, the scenery is different, and it makes people linger on it. Liang Garden Liang Garden is the general name of Liang's residence garden in Foshan, which mainly consists of "Twelve Stone Zhai", "Qunxing Caochang", "Fenjiang Cao Lu", "Cold Fragrance Hall" and so on. "and other different locations of a number of groups, large-scale, the main *** in the Songfeng Road, Pioneer Road. Liang Garden was built by four uncles and nephews, Liang Ai Ru, Liang Jiuzhang and Liang Jiutu, local poet and calligrapher, one after another during the Jiaqing and Daoguang years (1796-1850) of the Qing Dynasty, which lasted for more than forty years. Liang Garden is one of the typical representatives of Lingnan literati gardens in the Qing Dynasty, with its exquisite layout, mansions, ancestral halls and gardens as one, Lingnan-style "gardens" with spatial variations and elegant style; eclectic gardening and landscaping in pursuit of elegance, nature and picturesque idyllic charm; garden buildings rich in local characteristics are all in place, light and airy; garden Fruit trees, flowers, coupled with the winding water, pine embankment willow bank, forming a unique Lingnan water town flavor; especially the size of the thousands of strange stones, set up a combination of ingenious and unique, is known as one of the four great gardens in Guangdong. By the beginning of the civil war, a generation of famous garden has been on the verge of annihilation. In view of its historical, artistic and ornamental value, in 1982, the Foshan Municipal Party Committee, the city *** first of the existing group of Qunxing Cao Tang rescue protection, in 1990 was designated as a provincial key cultural relics protection units. Followed by a large-scale comprehensive restoration began in 1994, with a total area of 21,260 square meters, so that the famous garden re-light became a reality. Yuyin Shanfang Yuyin Shanfang, also known as Yuyin Garden, is located in Panyu Nancun Township, built in 1867 during the Qing Dynasty, more than 130 years ago. The whole garden has a floor area of only nearly 2,000 square meters, which is the smallest and most exquisite among the four famous gardens, and is famous for its small and exquisite architectural style, known as one of the four famous gardens in Guangdong, and has been designated as a cultural relics protection unit of Guangdong Province and a key cultural relics protection unit of Guangzhou City. This ancient garden has a delicate layout. With the technique of "hiding but not revealing" or "shrinking the dragon into an inch", it integrates pavilions, terraces, buildings, feeds, halls, pavilions, xuanxuan, sala, bridges, corridors and embankments, rocky mountains, and blue water in a place of three acres, which makes the small garden show a garden within a garden, a landscape within a landscape, and a deep, broad and marvelous situation, and it is also known as one of the Four Famous Gardens of Guangdong Province. The couplet at the back door, "Three bows of red rain on the remaining land, a corner of green clouds in the shade of the sky", is the title of this garden. Ke Yuan Dongguan Ke Yuan was built in the 30th year of the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty (1850) and is located in Bo Xia, Dongguan City, a cultural relics protection unit of Guangdong Province. It is characterized by its small size and exquisite design. In 3.3 acres of land, the residence, living room, villa, courtyard, flower garden, study, artfully blended together, landscape, bridge, pavilion, feed, halls and courtyards, all together. It is the layout of high and low staggered, everywhere connected, twists and turns back and forth, confusing. The keynote is empty place has the scenery, sparse place is not false, small see big, dense and not forced, account for the water and flowers, quiet and fragrant, coupled with the work of precision and meticulous. Extremely rich in Lingnan characteristics, is the treasures of Guangdong gardens. Can be the founder of the garden Zhang Jingxiu, the official to the Jiangxi press commissioner acting Minister of Buzheng, he goldstone painting and calligraphy, chess and poetry are all proficient. In the garden, often invited Zhang Wei Ping, Jane Shiliang, Xu Sangui, etc. in the garden, chanting, fugue, pass art. Jiu Lian, Jiu Chao in the garden painting ten years, his students Gao Jianfu, Gao Qifeng, Chen Shuren, etc. founded the Lingnan School of Painting, so that the garden has become one of the sources of Lingnan School.