How is glass made?

The production process of glass includes batching, melting, forming and annealing.

Main process:

1, raw material pretreatment

Bulk raw materials (quartz sand, soda ash, limestone, feldspar, etc. ) crushing, drying wet raw materials, removing iron-containing raw materials, and ensuring the quality of glass.

2. Batch preparation

According to the designed material list, weigh all kinds of raw materials and mix them evenly in the mixer. The main raw materials of glass are quartz sand, limestone, feldspar, soda ash and boric acid.

3. Melted

The glass batch is heated at high temperature (1550~ 1600℃) in a tank kiln or crucible kiln to form uniform, bubble-free liquid glass that meets the molding requirements.

Step 4 form

Liquid glass is processed into products with required shapes, such as flat plates and various utensils.

5. Heat treatment

Through annealing, quenching and other processes, the internal stress, phase separation or crystallization of glass are eliminated or produced, and the structural state of glass is changed.

Extended data:

Glass is a relatively transparent solid substance, and its main component is silicon dioxide. Widely used in construction, daily use, medical treatment, chemistry, electronics, instruments, nuclear engineering and other fields, for wind protection but light transmission.

In addition, colored glass doped with oxides or salts of certain metals shows color, and tempered glass made by physical or chemical methods. Some transparent plastics, such as polymethyl methacrylate, are sometimes called plexiglass.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-glass